Journal of Applied and Natural Science
Not a member yet
2928 research outputs found
Sort by
Selection and evaluation of Bradyrhizobium inoculum for peanut, Arachis hypogea production in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Get PDFThe interaction between leguminous plants and Bradyrhizobium is limited, known as host specificity. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate Bradyrhizobia for use as biofertilizer inoculum for legumes is necessary. The Arachis hypogea L. is the most popular legume produced in the Lao People\u27s Democratic Republic (PDR). Therefore, this research aimed to obtain the appropriate Bradyrhizobia that provides high efficiency in A. hypogea production in the Lao PDR. The 14 isolates were obtained from root nodules of A. hypogea L. trapped with Lao PDR soil samples. Three were the top isolates PMVTL-01, SMVTL-02, and BLXBL-03 showing high efficiency for peanut growth promotion. Strains PMVTL-01 and SMVTL-02 were closely related to the Bradyrhizobium geno sp. SA-3 Rp7b and B. zhanjiangense, respectively, whilst strain BLXBL-03 was closely related to Bradyrhizobium sp. CCBAU51745 and B. manausense BR3351. The competitiveness of these strains with Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2::GFP was analyzed, and only Bradyrhizobium sp. SMVTL-02 performed a number of occupied nodules higher than SUTN9-2::GFP. In addition, the competitiveness of the selected strain Bradyrhizobium sp. SMVTL-02 in a soil sample from the Lao PDR in the pot level was employed by tagging the SMVTL-02 with the DsRed gene. The results demonstrated that the DsRed-expressing tagged strain showed higher nodule occupancy than indigenous strains. Moreover, the results of the acetylene reduction assay (ARA), nodule number, nodule dry weight, and total plant dry weight from the pot experiment that inoculated with the SMVTL-02::DsRed were presented as having high potential to promote peanut growth as compared to non-inoculation. Thus, Bradyrhizobium sp. SMVTL-02 could be considered a potential biofertilizer inoculum for A. hypogea production in the Lao PDR
Study of antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of the bioactive compound of Bacillus megaterium L2 strains isolated from the oral cavity of hospital workers and visitors at Dental Health Centre, Babylon, Iraq
Get PDFBecause of the resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics, there is an urgent necessity to search for new antibiotics produced by Bacillus spp., which are characterized by their capability to produce secondary metabolites with high efficacy against numerous types of pathogenic bacteria. A total of 40 Bacillus isolates were isolated from the mouths of 150 volunteers from the Dental Health Center in Babylon and diagnosed based on phenotypic characteristics and biochemical and physiological reaction tests with a colorimetric reagent card using the VITEK2 analyzer. The active compounds were extracted from Bacillus megaterium L2 and their antibacterial activity was tested against a group of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was estimated, whereas 16 isolates showed high effectiveness against pathogenic bacteria, with the zone of inhibition ranging from 8-22 mm and the MIC ranging from 0.25–6.25 mg/ml. The active compounds were extracted, purified, and detected by Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was studied using the MCF7 cell line. This showed that cytotoxicity effects on valid object count, nuclear morphology, and total nuclear intensity ranged from 17.245-441.24 and the cytotoxic effect on cell membrane permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome C ranged from 49.04-601.79 Among the isolates, Bacillus megaterium L2(B9) was the best isolated strain of bacteria that was the most effective against anti-pathogenic bacterial strains- Gram positive (Staphylococcus pyogenes NCTC 8198 and St. aureus ATCC 29213) and gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa RW109, Escherichia coli O157, and Salmonella typhi Ty2) and was non-toxic to human cells (MCF7)
Influence of the downwash airflow in Hexacopter Drone on the spray distribution pattern of boom sprayer
Get PDFThe spray characteristics of drone sprayers are significantly influenced by the downwash airflow produced by Drone multi-rotors. The present study aimed to study the influence of downwash airflow and the operational parameters of Drone sprayer, viz., flight height, travel speed, rotor configuration, payload and wind velocity on the spray distribution pattern for boom sprayer attachment to Drone. The boom type sprayer consisted of four numbers of flat fan nozzles placed at three different spacing viz., 30, 45 and 60 cm between each nozzle. The spray distribution pattern of the Hexacopter Drone was studied at three different operating pressures, viz., 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 kg cm-2. A spray patternator of 5 m x 5 m was developed per the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) standard to study the spray uniformity of volume distribution pattern. The best spray uniformity was found as 0.37 % CV value at 60 cm nozzle spacing and 4 kg cm-2 operating pressure. The optimised parameters viz., 60 cm of nozzle spacing and 4 kg cm-2 operating pressure, the influence of downwash airflow on the spray volume distribution of hexacopter Drone with boom spray attachment were studied. The Drone hovered at three different heights, viz., 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 m from the top of the patternator and spray operating pressure was maintained at 4 kg cm-2. It was observed that less volume of spray was collected at the middle portion when the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was hovered at 1.0 m height due to the direct impact of downwash airflow of rotors. The uniform spray volume distribution pattern was observed when Drone hovered from 1.0 m to 3.0 m height. A round vertex pattern of spray pattern was generated with boom type nozzles configuration due to the direct impact of downwash airflow of rotors. This study will be helpful in the configuration of nozzles attached to the drone sprayers, optimization of spray operational parameters, and revealing spray volume distribution pattern
Avian Community Composition in and around Mandothi Wetlands, Haryana, India
Get PDFComprising an area of approximately 1000 acres, Mandothi wetlands are located in Bahadurgarh tehsil of Jhajjar district of Haryana, India and provide an important wintering ground for migratory birds. From December 2021 to June 2022, fortnightly surveys were made to document the avian community composition of the study area in Mandothi wetlands using point-count and line-transect methods. A total of 124 species belonging to 90 genera, 38 families, and 15 orders were recorded. Passeriformes was the most represented avian order, with 38 species and 15 families. Feeding guild analysis revealed that carnivore was the most dominant feeding guild in the study area. Of the recorded 124 avian species, 73 species were residents, 44 species were winter migrants and 7 species were summer migrants. As per the IUCN Red List 8 species were classified as Near Threatened (Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca, Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa, Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata, Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala, Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus, Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus, Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus, Darter Anhinga melanogaster) and 2 species were classified as Vulnerable (Sarus Crane Antigone antigone and River Tern Sterna aurantia). In addition to the present survey, 17 species were also reported from secondary sources, resulting in a checklist of 141 bird species. The occurrence of migratory and species of global conservation priority documents the importance of this wetland as a potential habitat for avifauna in Haryana
Effect of different concentrations of molasses and forage with Bacillus lechniformis on the growth of Macrobrachium nipponense in vitro
Get PDFThe rearing of juvenile shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponense is of importance in the development of aquaculture, especially by using molasses and Bacillus lechniformis to promote growth. The present study aimed to evaluate the rearing of juvenile shrimp, M. nipponense in laboratory breeding ponds without replacing the water in the presence of B. lechniformis using two strategies: i) Use of molasses (10=A, 50=B, and 100=C mg) with 1 × 10 ⁸ CFUml-1 B. lechniformis to the ponds, with shrimp in initial weight rates (650.00 ± 68.09, 639.67 ± 74.81, 639.67 ± 67.02) mg and final weight rates (695.67 ± 57.33, 825.00 ± 90.14, 761.33 ± 111.02) mg, ii) Use of feed (100=A, 250-B, and 500=C) mg, with shrimp initial weight rates (107.67 ± 21.94, 106.67 ± 20.82, 103.33 ± 18.93) mg and final weight rates (208.33 ± 16.07, 381.67 ± 36.17, 283.33 ± 15.28) mg. Results of statistical analysis for molasses showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in each daily growth (DG), Specific growth rate (SGR), and no significant differences (p > 0.05) in survival rates. As food conversion ratio (FCR), significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between A and B, contrary to C, which showed no significant differences. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in DG among A, B, and C in using feed. While SGR showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between A and B but did not have significant differences with C and no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the survival rates. FCR showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between C and both A and B, which showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between them. The study will help to reduce the cost and waste of water.
Yield and component yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) effect of salicylic acid under drought stress in Indonesia
Get PDFThe use of salicylic acid as a resistance inducer agent in several plant species was well known. Salicylic acid has been believed to play an important role in inducing drought resistance. The use of salicylic acid and dryness in onion (Allium cepa L.) has never been studied. The present study aimed to ascertain how limited water supply and salicylic acid (SA) interact with onion (Allium cepa L. ) yield and component yield traits. A completely randomized design (CRD) and two-factor treatment with three replications were employed in the investigation. Drought was the first factor (FC1(field capacity), FC2 ( at 60% field capacity), FC3 (at 20% field capacity). The concentration of salicylic acid (SA) was the second component (0 mM, 0.5 mM, and 1 mM). The following parameters were measured: relative water content (RWC), water use efficiency (WUE), plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, root length, chlorophyll content index (CCI), proline, bulb weight (bw), strawweight (w), bulb diameter, bulb production (bp), harvest index (hi), and bulb diameter. The results showed that tillers increased (7.0 to 10.0) as SA concentration increased at three levels of dryness. However, plant height (40.6 to 30.0cm) and the number of leaves (24.3 to 16.0) decreased as drought increased. Dryness in bulb weight, strawweight, bulb diameter, and bulb production could not be alleviated by the SA concentration. Salicylic acid 1 mM has been able to overcome drought up to 20% of field capacity as indicated by plant height and leaf area but was unable to prevent drought on bulb weight and tuber diameter. Thus, the concentration of salicylic acid given would help to overcome drought (water deficit) in shallot plants.
Screening of salt tolerant endophytic bacteria with plant growth promoting characters isolated from Acanthus ilicifolius L., a species of mangrove ecosystem located at Corangi wildlife sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh
Get PDFMangroves harbour many beneficial microorganisms in their rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endophytically, which forms an ideal ecological habitation for isolating halotolerant endophytic bacteria with unique characteristics. Endophytes can produce numerous bioactive secondary metabolites and phytohormones, which may be directly or in some way beneficial to the host plant. The present study aimed to identify novel endophytes capable of producing plant growth-promoting substances. The mangrove plants Acanthus ilicifolius L. at Corangi Wildlife Sanctuary were selected, and their leaves and roots were collected for endophyte isolation. Eight isolates from the leaves and roots were collected, purified and preserved. All these isolates were subjected to morphological, phenotypical and biochemical studies. Isolates were grown best at 3% NaCl nutrient agar and could tolerate salinity upto 8%NaCl. Most of them could grow upto 42°C. The majority were gram’s positive, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped and some were gram’s negative, rod-shaped organisms. Many of the endophytic organisms had the ability to synthesize Indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) varied from 0.7 µg/ml (AIL1) to 51.0 µg/ml (AIL2) and the highest phosphate solubilizing ability was recorded with AIR3 (3.71 ppm) followed by AIR4 (3.00 ppm) and lowest was recorded by AIL4 (1.80 ppm). Among total isolates, AIL2 (51µg/ml) showed promising potential in producing IAA and had phosphate solubilization ability. Based on 16S ribosomal RNA molecular method the isolate AIL2 was identified as Bacillus altitudinis. This is the first to report that B.altitudinis strain AIL2 isolated from A.ilicifolius L. could produce IAA, which can be used as a bioinoculant in agriculture and allied sector
Assessing growth performance and agro-meteorological indices of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) varieties influenced by soil amendments and foliar application under sodic soil in Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu
Get PDFGreen gram prefers neutral soil reactions and is sensitive to saline and alkaline soil conditions. Around 2.1 % of the country\u27s geographical area is salt-affected, of which 3.77 million ha is sodic soil. Rehabilitation of salt-affected soil using drainage is expensive and leaching with good quality water is not feasible. To overcome this, a field experiment was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli, during summer 2022 to study the effect of soil amendments and foliar nutrition under sodic soil. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The treatments comprised of different varieties in main plots (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 and M6) and different soil amendments with foliar application in sub plots (S1, S2 and S3). The results showed that VBN (Gg) 4 + gypsum @ 50 % GR + pressmud @ 10 t ha-1 + FS of brassinosteroid 0.2 ppm (M4S1) registered higher plant height (18.31, 31.52 & 60.63 cm), DMP (907, 1932 & 2969 kg ha-1), CGR (3.02, 6.83 & 4.15 g m-2 d-1) and SPAD value (37.56, 41.62 & 30.57) at 30, 45 DAS and harvest. The same treatments increased grain and haulm yield of 997 and 2232 kg ha-1. It also increased all agro-meteorological indices viz., GDD, HTU, PTU, RTD and HUE of green gram. However, comparable results were obtained with VBN (Gg) 4 + gypsum @ 50 % GR + CSR GROMOR @ 25 kg ha-1 + FS of brassinosteroid 0.2 ppm (M4S2)
Assessing the genetic diversity of Indian Kharif sorghum landraces through agro-morphological characterization (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
Get PDFThe agro-morphological characterization of local germplasm provides insight into existing diversity, enables the identification of desirable traits, and enhances crop improvement. The present study evaluated 96 kharif sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) landraces and 6 checks using 20 agro-morphological traits at two locations, ICAR-IIMR in Hyderabad and Experimental Farm at Annamalai University in Annamalai Nagar, using alpha lattice design with 2 replications during 2021 kharif to assess genetic diversity. Results showed significant genetic variability among the 20 traits (P<0.01), providing opportunities for improvement. The high genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic components of variance (PCV) exhibited among the traits indicated their genetic determination and potential for improvement through breeding programs. High heritability and genetic advance also indicated the presence of additive genes, offering reliable improvement through trait selection. The correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between grain yield and several desirable traits, including panicle length, width, primary branch length, hundred seed weight, number of leaves, and total tillers per plant, indicating that grain yield can be improved by selecting accessions with desirable characteristics for these traits. The Cluster analysis using Euclidean distance revealed (four distinct clusters), with Cluster I being the most differentiated. These clusters may serve as valuable resources for hybridization programs. The PCA analysis indicated that the first three PCs accounted for 43.26% of the total variation and highlighted the key agro-morphological traits driving diversity. The results of this study demonstrated the significant genetic diversity among kharif sorghum landraces, providing a promising opportunity for varietal development programs.
Nutritional composition of small indigenous species of fishes of Northeast India: A systematic review
Get PDFNortheast India has various water bodies including the tributaries of the Brahmaputra and Barak river systems, wetlands, lakesand beels. These water bodies support the diversity of many fish species. Seasonal changes in the number of fish species inthe SIS category were also observed and they are most abundant during the winter and least abundant during the monsoonseason. Many researchers collected fish data from Assam\u27s rivers and wetlands, particularly small indigenous species (SIS).Small Indigenous Species (SIS) of fish are a vital and conveniently accessible source of rare protein, vitamins, and minerals intraditional diets. The present study aimed to review Assam\u27s small indigenous fish species and their nutritional worth. Thesources of the review article were Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed for SIS nutrition composition,fish nutritional profile, and fish proximate composition. Northeast India’s rural inhabitants get their sustenance from fish SIS. TheSIS of Northeast India fish species contain proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and vital macro- and micronutrients. The proteincontent of SIS range from 12.49% to 18.30% (12.49–18.30g/100 g), lipid content from 0.7% to 19.63% (0.7–19.63g/100 g),moisture content from 65.88% to 82.8% (65.88–82.8g/100 g), and ash level from 2% to 6.8% (2–6.8g/100 g). This review suggests SIS has adequate nutritional benefits because it is an excellent source of proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids necessary for optimal health. Northeast India’s impoverished region might achieve their nutritional demands by eating more SIS of fish