Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Histopathological changes in the gill architecture of Labeo rohita from the pond adjacent to thermal power station, Koradi, Nagpur, India
Get PDFThe hazardous effect of water pollution on the histopathology of selected organs of the freshwater fish Labeo rohita was studied with respect to thermal power plant effluent. The purpose of this research paper is to study whether the thermal plume can affect fish assemblages in the waters around the outlet area of the thermal power plant located at Koradi near Nagpur city. Both experimental and control fishes were monitored for a year from March 2010 to Feb. 2011. Histopathology serve as a tool to assess the extent of damage caused to the organism.Gill tissue showed fusion of primary lamellae, congestion of blood vessels and hyperplasia of bronchial plates. The histopathological changes in the gill tissue include epithelial hyperplasia, curling of secondary lamellae and changes in chloride cells. Besides these changes pyknotic nuclei, vacuolization, degradation of epithelial and pillar cells, were noticed, which point out towards deleterious effect of thermal power plant effluent on the freshwater fish L. rohita
Role of phosphate solubilizing fungi during phosphocompost production and their effect on the growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) plants
Get PDFExperiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi (Aspergillus awamori and Trichoderma viride) in phosphocompost preparation along with low grade rock phosphate. Co-inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing fungi significantly increased the nutrient value of the compost that explores high P-solubilizing potential of A.awamori and T.viride which can be exploited for the solubilization of fixed phosphates thereby enhancing soil fertility and plant growth. Rock phosphate application along with phosphate solubilizing fungi increased 69.2% acid phosphatase and 65% alkaline phosphatase activity over ordinary compost. With co-inoculation, maximum P content (64.3%) was observed followed by single inoculation with A.awamori (62.2%). The present findings revealed that phosphate solubilizing fungi can interact positively in promoting nutrient content of compost and plant growth leading to improved yield
Field evaluation of nursery bed inoculated arbuscular mycorrhiza and rootdip inoculated Azotobacter chroococcum and Aspergillus awamori on aerobic rice
Get PDFField evaluation of nursery bed inoculated with Glomus fasciculatum and root dip treatement with Azotobacter chroococcum and Aspergillus awamori was carried out on aerobic rice. All the inoculated treatments with G. fasciculatum either singly or incombination showed increased growth and yield of rice compared to control and dual and triple inoculation were performed better than single inoculation treatment. G. fasciculatum inoculated seedlings in nursery bed shown better root colonization in field after transplantation compared to un-inoculated plants. The root dip inoculation with A. chroococcum and A. awamori during transplantation also increased the population of N2 fixer and Phosphate solubilizers besides increasing the population of general microflora in the rhizosphere. The results revealed the possibility of nursery inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhiza and root dip inoculation of other biofertilizers for aerobic rice
Population dynamics and conservation management of Himalayan mahseer (Tor species) in riverine aquatic ecosystem in Garhwal region of Uttarakhand (India)
Get PDFThe mahseer, an Indian carp (Tor species) known as ‘Sport fish’ continues to be decimated by the large scale natural and anthropogenic factors and categorized as threatened fishes in India. The present research data revealed that total species richness of 33 and 24 number of fish species were identified in river Ganga and Yamuna respectively. The size group of mahseer (400-460mm) recorded as a dominant size of catch composition and contributed about 36.8% and 42.6% based on different sampling sites in river Yamuna and Ganga respectively. The populations of Tor tor, T. putitora have shown a decreasing trend at very alarming rate and influenced the sex ratio, maturity size and natural breeding condition. Only 12.5 to 14.8% mahseer female brooders have shown maturity phase or emenable to release ova during particular breeding seasons. The fecundity of mature female fish brooders ranged from 2500-4500 no. of eggs during July-August. The current status of mahseer fishery may be attributed to the over exploitative nature in riverine system. ‘In situ and Ex-situ” breeding techniques should be practiced for enhancement of viable population size of mahseer species to restore the genetic loss under mahseer conservation programme in aquatic ecosystem of Himalayan region
Effect of sewage-water irrigation on physico-chemical parameters with special reference to heavy metals in agricultural soil of Haridwar city
Get PDFThe present study revealed that use of sewage for irrigation of agricultural soil of Haridwar city improved the water holding capacity (+27.98%), electrical conductivity (+196.15%), sulphate (+2.34%), organic carbon (+30.48%), total Kjeldhal nitrogen (+87.5%), available potassium (+25.77%) and available phosphorous (+59.97%) and fertility status of the soil in comparison to natural water irrigated soil. Further sewage irrigation also resulted in a significant build-up of total Pb (+98.95%), Ni (+128.29%), Cu (+253.17%), Fe (+39.74%), Cd (+30.92%), Zn (+696.03%) and Cr (+13.15%) than the natural water irrigated soil. The mean concentrations of these metals were below the permissible limits of Indian standards. The enrichment factor (Ef) for Cu (9.62) was maximum and minimum for Cr (1.13).The Ef for different metals was in the order of Cu> Zn > Ni > Pb > Cd > Cr > Fe. Pollution index (Pi) value of the sewage water irrigated soil ranged from 0.505 to 0.901 which indicated that the soil was not yet polluted
Fate of some heavy metals in soils: a review
Get PDFThis review revealed that heavy metals are naturally components of the soil orchestrated by weathering processes and that the abundance of these metals in our soil environment nowadays is due to numerous anthropogenic activities. These heavy metals are in two major categories namely the essential and non- essential ones. The essential heavy metals are needed in trace amount by living things for their physiological processes. But at higher concentration, it is hazardous in plants and animals. On the other hand, the non essential ones aredangerous to plants and animals even at low concentrations. This write-up further showed that soil pH, organic carbon, available P, oxides, effective cation exchange capacity, moisture content, oxidation-reduction state of the metals, ion exchange and sorption capacity of the metals are some of the soil factors influencing the fate and availability of the heavy metals. At lower levels of these soil factors, heavy metal ions are rendered free in the solution thereby making them available to plant and underground water. However, the most prominent soil factor influencing availability of these metals is the Soil pH. Raising some of these soil factors to appropriate levels have been discovered to reduce the availability of the heavy metals to mankind
Genotoxicity evaluation of pesticide profenofos by applying dominant lethal test on Culex quinquefasciatus
Get PDFThe present paper deals with the genotoxicity evaluation of profenofos by applying dominant lethal test (DLT) on Culex quinquefasciatus taken as an experimental model. For this, the males hatched from the larvae treated with LC20 of pesticide were crossmated with normal females and the results were based on the number of hatched and unhatched eggs laid by these females. Mean percentage frequency of unhatched eggs was as low as 3.97 in the normal stocks as compared to treated stocks in which the frequency of unhatched eggs had increasedto 9.50. The statistical analysis of the data from treated groups gave values of 9.50±1.35 as against 3.97± 0.38 in the control groups. Profenofos induced significant (p<0.05) dominant lethality
Quantitative vegetation analysis of tree species in the forest adjacent to villages on the periphery of Kedarnath wildlife sanctuary
Get PDFThe study was carried out in the forest adjacent to three villages located on the periphery of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary with the objective to evaluate the quantitative characters of tree species of the forest vegetation near these villages in relation to the species diversity, equitability and concentration of dominance of the selected villages. A total of eleven tree species were recorded. While the IVI values ranged from 9.78 to 84.33, the density values ranged between 0.3 and 1.9 and TBC values between 13.55 cm2/100m2 and 4080.80 cm2/100m2. Distributionpattern varied for different species. The recorded values viz. density, Shannon-Weiner Index (H), Concentration of Dominance (cd) and Equitability (Eq) were within the reported range for these types of forests
Evaluation of antioxidant activity of flower and seed oil of Azadirachta indica A. juss
Get PDFThe present study on evaluation of antioxidant activity of the flowers and seed oil of Neem plant Azardirachta indica A. Juss revealed that the ethanolic extract of flowers and seed oil at 200 ?g/ml producing the highest free radical scavenging activity i.e. 64.17±0.02% and 66.34±0.06% respectively. The Neem oil has the highest amount of total phenol content (132 ?g/ml) which is responsible for highest percentage of inhibition of DPPH radical. In conclusion Neem flower and seed oil have potential for use in human health which is used as food by common people and in diabetes and Neem seed oil is widely used for variety of diseases and also antioxidant potential for use in different pharmaceutical industries
Molecular structure elucidation and hydrogen bonding analysis of a pyrazolone derivative
Get PDFThe title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P21/c having unit cell parameters: a=7.6329(4), b=7.8137(4), c=28.0651(14) Å, ? =95.995o. The structure converges to a final R-value of 0.0563. The two C-N bonds in Ring B are puckered as the torsion around these bonds is 29.67(2)o and -18.49(2)o , respectively. The two methyl carbons as well as the oxygen atom of the central N-containing five-membered ring (B) are significantly deviated from their mean positions. The magnitude of dihedral angle between the phenyl ring A and B is 133.09(1)o while it is 170.43(1)o between ring B and the phenyl ring C. This indicates that the molecule adopts a non-planar configuration. The crystal structure is stabilized by few C-H…O and C-H…N inter and intramolecular hydrogen interactions