Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Studies on nematode parasites of fishes of Oinam lake Bishnupur district, Manipur, India
Get PDFAn extensive survey was done for fish nematode parasites of few economically important fishes of Oinam Lake, Bishnupur district, Manipur. 9 species of nematodes were encountered. They are Camallanus anabantis, Procamallanus (Procamallanus) saccobranchi, Paraquimperia manipurensis, Paragendria sp., juvenile stages of genus Syphacia, Haplonema, Spinitectus, Philometra and Parascarophis etc. Of these nematode species, Procamallanus (Procamallanus) saccobranchi, Paragendria sp and Haplonema sp. showed maximum abundance (14.28%) and Paraquimperia manipurensis, Parascarophis sp. showed minimum abundance (4.76%) of parasites. Among the fish species Anabas testudineus had highest percentage (50%) of parasites and Puntius sophore and Colisa labiosus had lowest percentage (1.25%) of parasites
Application of turmeric dye in the coating of Triphala guggle ayurvedic tablet
Get PDFThe aim of present work was to extract a yellow colour dye from turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) and to use it in the coating of triphala guggle ayurvedic (abbreviated as TGA) tablets. For coating of the TGA tablets the work was completed into two parts- in the first part extraction of dye from turmeric rhizome was carried out and in the second part extracted dye was used to coat the TGA-tablets. The dye extract was used in two forms for dyeing the tablets - firstly as liquid turmeric dye extract (LTDE) and secondly as powdered turmeric dye extract (PTDE). The optimum extraction conditions were settled after studying the effect of solvent, stirring time and temperature on the extraction of dye. The solvents used are water, ethanol and water- ethanol mixture. It was observed that the optimum extraction conditions for turmeric dye extraction were 600c and 75 min stirring time with ethanol as solvent but from industrial point of view it is more economical to use ethanol–water (1:1) mixture for extraction. The extracted LTDE and PTDE were used to coat the TGA tablets. The results showed that the tablet coated with LTDE faded just in 30 days while PTDE coated tablets remained stable up to 40 days. Thus, present coating was suitable for coating the TGA tablets but the environmental factors like temperature and humidity influenced the stability of the coating a lot. The suitability of coating was studied by determining some physico- chemical parameters like average weight, diameter, thickness, friability, disintegration time and loss on drying of LTDE and PTDE coated tablets. The results were within the permissible limit of Indian Pharmacopea and other pharmacopeia. Therefore, coating of tablets with LTDE and PTDE both were found to be suitable for coating the TGA tablet
Uptake of lead by futed pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.) in an ultisol
Get PDFPot and field trials were conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin to determine the influence of Pb on some agronomic characters of Telfairia occidentalis and some chemical properties of soil. Completely randomized and randomized completely block designs were used in greenhouse and field trials respectively. In the greenhouse trial, lead nitrate (Pb(N03)2 ) was applied at rates of 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg per 5 kg sieved and air-dried soil obtained from a depth of 0-15 cm. The pot rates equivalent to 0, 20, 40 and 80 kgha-1 wereused in the field trial. Results indicated that the soil used was texturally sandy loam and an ultisol as demonstrated by its low base saturation. The pH, organic carbon, Effective Cation Exchange Capacity (ECEC), Exchangeable acidity, N, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, free Fe and Al oxides, Amorphous Fe and Al oxides content of the soil decreased inconsistently. The organic carbon however increased in the field while the available P appreciated in the entire trials. The Pb content of the soil increased with the levels of Pb treatments when compared with the control throughout the trials. The N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Mn and Zn content of shoot and root as well as their uptake also decreased consistently with increasing Pb treatments. In addition, the Pb content as well as uptake by the shoot and root also increased consistently with increased rates of the Pb applied in the trials with the minimum levels of the Pb content and uptake recorded at the control treatments. The crude protein content decreased with increased heavy metal treatments in both root and shoot with the control having the highest crude protein content. The highest crude protein percentage was recorded in the shoot compared to the root. A decrease in the dry matter yield with increased Pb treatments in shoot and root was recorded in the trials. Results also showed that the Pb influenced the height, collar girth, leaf area and number of leaves with control treatments higher than other treatments at final harvest. The manifestation of anthocyanin pigmentation in 200 mg Pb and 80 kg Pb ha-1 treatments revealed the negative influence of the Pb on the phosphorus uptake by Telfaria occidentalis
Larval form of the genus Thubunaea Seurat, 1914 from the body cavity of an insect, Supella sp., at Meerut (U.P.), India
Get PDFThe present communication deals with a larval nematode belonging to the genus Thubunaea Seurat, 1914, from the body cavity of an insect, Supella sp., at Meerut, U.P. Both encysted and free larval stages were recovered. Morphology of the larvae is described in detail
Transformation of 17a-methyltestosterone in aquatic-sediment systems
Get PDFTwo sediment samples that differed with respect to total organic carbon and texture (“sand” and “clay”) were exposed to radio inert 17a-methyltestosterone (MT) or [14C]-radiolabeled 17a-methyltestosterone (14C-MT), under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, for up to 56 days, to characterize the fate of MT in the aquatic environment. Radio inert MT was quantified by a highly sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LCMS) method and radioactive MT was quantified by HPLC using an in-line flow liquid scintillation counter (LSC). Thedata suggest that MT entering the aquatic environment is converted into metabolites that become tightly associated with the sediment. Half-lives for MT dissipation in the sediment systems ranged from 2-9 days, depending on the sediment type and the presence of oxygen. Sediment type had little effect on MT dissipation. The mineralization of MT under aerobic conditions was low (<9% conversion of MT to CO2)
Isolation and characterization of flavone di-glucoside and acetoxyxanthone from the flowers of Bombex ceiba
Get PDFIn present study two chemical constituents viz. Flavon 5,4’ dimethoxy 8 methyl 7-O- ? -D glucopyranoside-5’- ? -D-glucopyranoside and xanthone 3-acetoxy-1-hydroxy-6-methoxy8-O– ? –D-glucopyranosyl-(1 ? 3)- ? –L- rhamnopyranoside from the ethanolic extract of flowers of Bombex ceiba have been isolated and characterized
First report of amphizoic amoebae isolated from edible Oyster mushroom- Pleurotus sajor-caju (Singer, 1949)
Get PDFThe present document serves as the first evidence that describes the presence of amphizoic amoebae in cap, stalk and internal tissues such as gills of the edible Oyster mushrooms, Pleurotus sajor-caju, packaged, and sold for public consumption. Samples tested over a 9 month period from different vegetable markets of Lucknow city revealed that out of 180 mushrooms, 176 (97.77%) yielded amphizoic amoebae, namely, Schizopyrenus, Naegleria, Hartmannella, Acanthamoeba and Vanella sp. Four samples of internal tissues yielded 6 strains of amoebae. A total of 17 Naegleria strains were isolated, out of which 5 were identified as Naegleria fowleri and were tested for their pathogenicity. The strains 2BNf01 and 5BNf04 were mildly pathogenic and strains, 4ANf02i, 4ANf03 and 8ANf05i were highly pathogenic. It was also observed that the most frequently observed species of amoebae belonged to the genus Acanthamoeba and a total 103 Acanthamoeba strains recorded
Physico-chemical and microbiological characterization of the ground water across the city Bareilly (U.P.), India
Get PDFThe drinking water quality (underground water) of Bareilly city has been assessed by estimating physicochemical parameters and calculating Water Quality Index (WQI). Water Quality Index plays an important role in interpreting the information on water quality. The WQI of different sites shows that drinking water is of good quality. The correlation between different parameters was also estimated. During course of study the average value of physico-chemical parameters studied were observed as temperature 20.17 o C, turbidity 2.17 NTU, pH 8.13, electrical conductivity 1360 mmhos/cm, total dissolved solids 1218.9 mg/l, total hardness 515.0 mg/l chlorides 106.34 mg/l, alkalinity 342.15, fluorides 0.44 mg/l, sulphates 84.68 mg/l, nitrates 22.83 mg/l, DO 2.44 mg/l, BOD 1.26 mg/l. While average MPN were observed as 5.66 and average WQI as 21.48
Arsenic induced genotoxic and histopathological changes in male Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus
Get PDFThe present study was carried out to investigate the effect of arsenic trioxide on the DNA and histomorphology of testis, liver and kidney of Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus. Oral administration of arsenic trioxide induced DNA damage in the testis, liver and kidney marked by light pink staining of nuclei after Feulgen’s reaction with reduced fine chromatin. Simultaneously severe histological changes were noted like distortion of seminiferous tubules, disorganization of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids with cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear pycnosis in testis. There was almost disappearance of sinusoids due to disruption of hepatic plates, inflammatory cellular infiltration around central veins and cytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes with large irregular nuclei in liver of treated mice. Disorganized glomeruli with distorted Bowman’s capsules and mild to severe multifocal cloudy and hydropic degeneration with necrosis of tubules were observed in the kidney of treated mice. Inference drawn from the study indicated that arsenic induced both genotoxic histotoxic lesions
Applications of submerged fermentation for biodegradation and decolourisation of melanoidins by an isolate Alcaligenes denitrificans SAG5
Get PDFIn laboratory conditions a bacterium was isolated, which was identified as Alcaligenes denitrificans SAG5.. The optimum decolourisation (72.6%) of melanoidin was achieved at pH 7.5 and temperature 37 °C within 4-6 days fermentation. The toxicity evaluation of distillery effluent with mung bean (Vigna radiata) revealed that the raw effluent is highly toxic as compared to treated effluent. This indicated that the effluent after bacterial treatment is ecofriendly