Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Abscisic acid induced seed dormancy and climate resilience in fox tail millet (Setaria italica L.) genotypes
Get PDFA laboratory experiment was conducted at Department of Seed Science and Technology, UAS Raichur to estimate ABA content in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) using Phytodetek ABA Test Kit. ABA estimation in millets is helpful to trace out the reason behind the dormancy in millets and is less explored. Nine genotypes were studied in the present investigation. Among the foxtail millet genotypes, the highest dormancy duration of 35 days was observed in two genotypes viz., DHFt-4-5 and DHFt-5-3 and slight dormancy was noticed in the genotype DHFt- 35-1. The genotype DHFt-35-1 recorded lowest ABA concentration of 3.199 pmol/g f. w. followed by genotypes DHFt-2-5 and DHFt-2-5-1 (3.266 and 3.291 pmol/g f. w. respectively). Highest ABA concentration was found in DHFt-5-3 (3.404 pmol/g f. w.) followed by DHFt-4-5 (3.396 pmol/g f. w.). Thus it was concluded that ABA in millet seeds makes them ‘climate smart crops’ and during the climate change regime, it is only millets that can ensure India’s food and nutrition needs in future
Implications of hybrid vigour, combining ability and per se performance in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]
Get PDFThree CGMS lines were crossed with 17 testers in a line × tester design during Kharif 2013 and sufficient number of hand pollinated seeds was produced. The resultant 51 hybrids along with their 20 parents and standard check variety (Maruti) were evaluated in RBD design with two replications. Combining ability analysis evinced predominance of non-additive gene effects for 7 characters indicating relevance of heterosis breeding for improving yield attributes. The gca effects of parents revealed that ICPA-2043, GRG-2009, GRG-2009-2, LAXMI, LRG-41 and JKM-197 were good general combiners for seed yield and it’s direct components. The estimates of sca effects revealed that 11 experimental hybrids had significant, desirable and positive sca effects for seed yield/plant. Among these, three best crosses were selected on the basis of per se performance for ascertaining their association with sca effects of seed yield per plant and its attributes. The investigation identified the good general combiners (ICPA -2043, GRG-2009, GRG-2009-2, LAXMI, LRG-41 and JKM-197) and promising crosses (ICPA-2043 X GRG-2009-2, ICPA-2047 X GRG-2OO9 and ICPA-2043 X ICPL-288) showing high mean and significant positive sca effects involved high × high gca effects of parents. These parental combinations may be used in breeding program for exploitation of hybrid vigour
Efficacy of dormancy breaking methods in paddy genotypes
Get PDFPaddy plays a pivotal role in Indian agriculture. It also possesses dormancy which needs to be studied thoroughly. Duration of dormancy usually ranges from 7 to 35 days. Environmental conditions that facilitate after-ripening in paddy is generally cool, moist substrate conditions referred to as stratification, chilling, or moist chilling, oxygen and other gases. 12 paddy genotypes were selected for the present investigation with various physical and chemical dormancy, breaking methods for freshly harvested seeds and the standard germination test was conducted thereafter. At 1% level of significance, heat treatment at 45°C for 72 h showed significantly highest mean germination (82.86%), seedling vigour index (2753), dehydrogenase activity (0.0449) and alpha amylase activity (12.14 mm) compared to other treatments and control.. The vigour index increased to 2753 (GA3 @ 50 ppm) from 985 in control. Significantly higher EC leachates was recorded in control (0.602) and lowest in heat treatment at 45°C for 72 hr (0.182) followed by HNO3 @ 1.5% (0.202) and GA3 @ 50 ppm (0.250) irrespective of the genotypes at 1% level of significance. Pre-heat treatment was followed by, HNO3 @ 1.5% and GA3 @ 50 ppm for germination (80.75%, 77.72%), dehydrogenase activity (0.0446,0.0443) and alpha amylase activity (12.10 cm,11.60 cm) respectively. The study is an exploration of cost effective treatment to alleviate seed dormancy in paddy with the background of biochemical observations for scientific explanation
Stability analysis for yield and its attributing traits in advanced breeding lines of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Get PDFAn experiment was carried out involving twenty three advanced breeding lines along with two checks M 35-1 and Muguthi during rabi season 2012-13 at four locations. Observations were recorded on 10 different characters viz., plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), ear head length (cm), ear head diameter (cm), days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, 100 seed weight (g), fodder yield per plot (kg), seed yield per plot (kg), and lodging percentage. The pooled analysis of variance revealed that mean sum of squares due to genotypes was significant for ear head diameter, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity and fodder yield, indicating presence of considerable amount of variability in the genotypes. The mean sum of square due to environment + (genotypes x environment) was significant for plant height, ear head length (cm), ear head diameter (cm), days to 50 per cent flowering, fodder yield per plot (kg), seed yield per plot (kg), and lodging percentage characters except stem diameter, days to maturity and 100 seed yield. On the basis of stability parameters a four genotypes viz., GS-6 (2364 kg/ha), GS-16 (2454 kg/ha), GS-22(2775 kg/ha) and GS-23(2978 kg/ha) were found most stable over Gulbarga, Raichur, Bellary and Malnoor environments of Hyderabad Karnataka region
Development and behavioural toxicity of deltamethrin on Rattus norvegicus following gestational exposure
Get PDFDeltamethrin, a synthetic type II pyrethroid was used at acceptable daily intake (ADI) levels to evaluate the embryo toxic risk in rat offsprings. Commercial formulation of deltamethrin (Decis 2.8 EC) at the level of ADI (0.01 mg/kg bw/day) and ten times ADI (0.1 mg/kg bw/day) was given orally to female rats (Rattus norvegicus) after mating until the end of pregnancy. The rats which did not breed were sacrificed for uterine examination, total implantations and resorptions. No toxicological symptoms were found in the rats treated with ADI level of deltamethrin, however rats treated with 10 times ADI dose of deltamethrin appeared weak and less active. Rats treated with 10×ADI did not breed and resorptions and cysts were observed in their uterus and ovary respectively. In rats treated with ADI dose of deltamethrin, litter size was reduced, pups gained less body weight and their developmental parameters and behavioural milestones were delayed as compared to control rats pups. The results suggested that gestational exposure of deltamethrin on growth and viability of rat offsprings at ADI level also affected the development and behaviour of rat offsprings
Evaluation of antifungal activity of seaweed extract (Turbinaria conoides) against Fusarium oxysporum
Get PDFThe purpose of the study was to determine the anti fungal activity of seaweed (Turbinaria conoides) extract against root rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Seaweed extract was prepared from the species T. conoides collected from Rameswaram coastal area of Tamil Nadu during December was used for this study. Different concentrations of the extract viz., 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % was evaluated for their antifungal activity against F. oxysporum using poisoned food technique along with control and carbendazim (0.2 %) as check. No mycelial growth (0 cm) was observed in 15 % and 20 % sea weed extract weed extract treated plates even after 6 days ofincubation. Though the visible inhibition of mycelial growth was noticed in all the concentrations, the increased concentration of 15 and 20 % had shown 100 % inhibition. So, the lower concentration of 15 % can be best in controlling the F. oxysporum fungi. GC-MS analysis of seaweed extract showing the presence of several antimicrobial compounds in seaweeds may be the reason for such inhibition
Management of purple blotch and Stemphylium blight of onion in Tarai and Bhabar regions of Uttarakhand, India
Get PDFPurple blotch [Alternaria porri] (Ellis) Cif.) and Stemphylium blight [Stemphylium vesicarium] (Wallr.) E. Simmons) of onion cause serious problems in onion seed crop in Tarai and Bhabar region of Uttarakhand. In present study different bio agents and fungicides have been evaluated in vivo against both the diseases. The severity of both purple blotch and Stemphylium blight varied in both Tarai and Bhabar region and even more pronounced in Tarai region than in Bhabar region. A correlation was observed in between the severity of both the diseases with the yield in seed crop. The minimum disease severity of purple blotch and stemphylium blight with the foliar spray of mancozeb (@ 0.3%) + monochrotophos (@ 0.05%) were observed 2.67% and 2.57% respectively with the total yield of seed was1844.44 kg/ha over check 893.33 kg/ha in 2011. While with the foliar spray of neembicidine (@ 0.3%) disease severity of both the diseases were 5.57% and 4.78% respectively providing a yield of 1827.78kg/ha in seed crop of onion in 2011. Amongst the applied bio-agents, the foliar spray of Trichoderma harzianum (@ 1%) the disease severity of purple blotch and stemphylium blight were recorded 15.44% and 13.11% respectively which was found to be most effective in delaying the disease appearance and providing a yield of 1134.44kg/ha in 2011. However, all the treatments helped to reduce both the diseases in comparison with check
Evaluation of IPM modules for the management of fruit borer and fruit rot diseases in tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Miller
Get PDFAmong, five IPM modules tested against tomato fruit borer and fruit rot on tomato, the IPM module (M3) consisting of use of pheromone traps (@ 12 traps/ha) just after transplanting the tomato crop , Lycopersicon esculentum Miller for monitoring the population of Helicoverpa armigera . followed by three foliar sprays commencing with a mixture of lamba-cyhalothrin 5EC @ 0.8ml/L(0.04%) and Dithane Z-78 (Zineb) @ 2.5g/L (0.25%) after 10 days of appearance of moths in the traps (after 30 days of transplanting) followed by spray with a mixture of Helicide (Ha NPV) 100 LE @ 0.5ml/L+ Indofil M-45 @ 2.5g/L (0.25%) + Gur (0.05%) + Tween 80 (0.05%) after 15 days of first spray followed by spray with a mixture of lamba-cyhalothrin 5EC @ 0.8ml/L(0.04%) and moximate (cymoxanil + mancozeb) @ 0.25% after 15 days of the second spray was found to be most effective in minimizing the infestation of fruit borer and fruit rot diseases with 50.00% and 63.45% reduction over control, respectively. This module was also found to be most economic resulting in highest marketable fruit yield (255.94q/ha) and maximum net returns (Rs.10.36) per rupee spent. The present findings are of immense utility as there will be reduction in number of sprays resulting in the cost of production of tomato crop
Genetic analysis of grain yield and its contributing traits for their implications in improvement of bread wheat cultivars
Get PDFGenetic analysis was carried out in 55 genotypes (10 parents and 45 F1s) through diallel mating design excluding reciprocals in bread wheat. Analysis of variance showed appreciable variability among the breeding material for almost all the traits under study. The highest value of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was found for flag leaf area (PCV=18.82, GCV=17.74), biological yield (PCV=12.98, GCV=11.70), grain yield (PCV=11.90, GCV=10.39) and harvest index (PCV=10.39, GCV=10.05). Highest heritability with highest genetic advance was estimated for flag leaf area (h2=52.24, GA=34.64), biological yield (h2=15.04, GA=21.71), harvest index (h2=18.19, GA=20.01), peduncle length (h2=31.72, GA=15.96) and spikelets per spike (h2=34.92, GA=12.96), therefore selection will be effective based on these traits. Grain yield was found significantly correlated (at <1% level of significance) with productive tillers (gr=0.3283**, pr=0.4347**), spike length (gr=0.1959**, pr=0.2203**), spikelets per spike (gr=0.4342**, pr=0.3813**), grains per spike (gr=0.7188**, pr=0.4918**), biological yield (gr=0.6101**, pr=0.6616**), harvest index (gr=0.3518**, pr=0.3227**) and thousand grain weight (gr=0.5232**, pr=0.3673**). Similarly path coefficient analysis estimates for biological yield (g=1.0524, p=1.0554), harvesting index (g=0.8862, p=0.8291), thousand grain weight (g=0.0588, p=0.0269), grains per spike (g=0.0496, p=0.0074), spike length (g=0.0209, p=0.0289), days to maturity (g=0.0142, p=0.0127), productive tillers (g=0.0186, p=0.0147), peduncle length (g=0.0123, p=0.0157), days to 50% flowering (g=0.0093, p=0.0072) and plant height (g=0.0042, p=0.0020) showed high positive direct effects on grain yield indicating that due importance should be given to these traits during selection for high yield
Overview of Himalayan yellow raspberry (Rubus ellipticus Smith.): A nutraceutical plant
Get PDFThe constantly increasing demand for nutraceuticals is paralleled by a more pronounced request for natural ingredients and health-promoting foods. The multiple functional properties of Rubus ellipticus fits well in this trend. Recent data (49.5 ?g/ml) revealed the high content of antioxidant and other phytochemical properties, which can give added value to this fruit on both nutritional and nutraceutical basis. With different essential compounds such as 2-Deoxy-D-ribose, potassium ferricyanide, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), L-ascorbic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, catechin, 1,1-diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) being present in different parts of plant a thorough research is well awaited into this underrated and underutilised plant. With no due care and agronomic operations needed, R. ellipticus may be used for varied horticultural benefits which may further reduce the surmountable pressure of few fruit crops