Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Three decades of using of gypsum under sodic water irrigation in coarse textured soils
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to determine the long term use of sodic waters and gypsum on physico-chemical properties of coarse textured loamy sand soil. The study consisted of three natural occurring underground sodic waters and amendment gypsum in various cropping systems. The results demonstrated that sodic water irrigation significantly decreased infiltration rate (1.46 & 1.09 cm hr-1) and soil porosity (35.66 & 33.26 %) and increased soil strength (17.49 & 17.67 kg cm-1), pH (9.52 & 9.66), exchangeable sodium percentage (48.00 & 55.00), sodium adsorption ratio (45.14 & 54.10 (mmol/l)1/2) and calcium carbonate content (2.15 & 2.44 %). The gypsum application significantly improved infiltration rate (2.20 cm hr-1) and soil porosity (38.7 %) and reduced soil strength (16.74 kg cm-1), soil pH (9.35) exchangeable sodium percentage (39.00), sodium adsorption ratio (36.93 (mmol/l)1/2) over a period of thirty years. A significant CaCO3 build up in soil was also observed with gypsum application (3.28 % 4.56 %) as compared to its content at the start of study. Thus, it is concluded that in coarse textured soils of North west India, sodic waters up to RSC 12.0 me l-1 could safely be used crop production in combination with gypsum in loamy sand soil without any adverse effect on the physico-chemical characteristics of soil
Abundance and foraging behaviour of major insect pollinators on seed crop of broccol (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) LPH-1
Get PDFThe studies were carried out at the Vegetable Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2013-2014. The main aim of the study was good seed setting and it is done by bee pollination which improves the yield and quality of crops. The results shows revealed that Apis mellifera (5.96) was the most abundant visitor and highly significant over A. florea (4.46), syrphid fly (2.97), A.dorsata (2.62) and A.cerana (1.66) visitor. Irrespective of species, abundance of bees was the lowest at 0700-0900 h (0.73 bees/m2/5 minutes) and the highest at 1100-1300 h (6.29 bees/m2/5 minutes). The result of foraging speed, maximum for A. florea (37.44) and highly significant over followed by A. dorsata (5.24), A. mellifera (4.52 ), A. cerana (3.58) and syrphid fly (2.67). The result of foraging rate, maximum for syrphid fly (17.42) and highly significant over A. cerana (10.27), A. mellifera (10.00), A. dorsata (7.77) and A. florea ( 1.71). Due to bee pollination, seed set in caged condition was very less as compared to uncaged condition and quality of seeds was also good in uncaged condition
Change in chemical constituents and overall acceptability of frozen and dehydrated Aonla fruit pulp during storage
Get PDFAscorbic acid and total phenol in frozen aonla pulp on zero day of storage was found to be 365.5 mg/100g and 2.1 mg/g while in dehydrated aonla pulp it was 2.3 mg/100mg and 14.7 mg/g which was found to decrease with the increase in storage duration. However, significant increase (CD at 5% Level) in total soluble solids (TSS) and non-enzymatic browning was noticed with the advancement in storage duration. The decrease and increase in physico-chemical characteristics were more significant in dehydrated aonla pulp as compared to frozen aonla pulp. Mean score for sensory attributes of dehydrated aonla pulp at zero month of storage was fairly less than frozen aonla pulp. Moreover, there was more significant decrease in value of sensory attributes of dehydrated aonla pulp during six months storage period compared to frozen aonla pulp. Thus, present study was first in its kind to determine and compare chemical composition and overall acceptability of frozen and dehydrated aonla pulp obtained from aonla fruits cv. Chakaiya during storage for optimizing there use in further development of value added aonla product
Genetic variability studies for yield and its contributing traits in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]
Get PDFThe experiment comprising 30 okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) genotypes were grown and analysed for yield and its attributing traits at the Department of Vegetable science, Kumarganj, Faizabad during Zaid (2011) period. All the characters studied showed a wide range of variation. The variability for yield among the accessionsevaluated was also remarkable. The magnitude phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all traits. Both phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were high for plant height (11.10 and 10.60, respectively). Fruit weight exhibited low value of GCV (2.31) and PCV (4.74) and likely to show less response under selection. High heritability (91.3) with high genetic advance (26.74) was recorded for plant height, whereas, ridges per fruit had high heritability (97.0) with moderate genetic advance (18.45). This study aimed to evaluate okra genotypes for variability with a view to providing information on the development of high yielding genotypes to meet the growing food demand of the populace
Disease status and combined effect of biological control and organic amendments in managing stem rot disease of carnation caused by Rhizoctonia solani
Get PDFThe present study was carried out to know the effect of different soil amendments and biological control on disease incidence, different plant growth and flower parameters. Incidence of stem rot was found serious in almost all the locations surveyed, maximum incidence being recorded at Berthin (33.7%) in district Bilaspur followed by Rajgarh (32.0%), Solan (27.3%) and Matnali (27.1%) in district Sirmour in contrast to lowest incidence (11.2%) of stem rot in Shimla. Integration of Melia azedarach seed (powder) along with Trichoderma viride as well as Neem cake with T. viride and T. harzianum gave maximum reduction (75.67%) in disease incidence of stem rot with minimum disease incidence (6%), in comparison to 24.67 per cent in control followed by Bacillus subtilis + Melia azedarach (8%). These treatment also improved the plant growth and flower quality parameters by giving the average plant height to 82.32 cm, 81.05 cm, stem length (76.64 cm, 75.91 cm), number of flowers per plant (3.79, 3.68), flower size (7.20 cm, 7.17 cm) and took less number of days to first flowering. Disease management practice alone is not sufficient until integrated with other components, as disease is a complex phenomenon governed by many factors. The integration of effective management practices such as plant oils, botanicals and antagonists would be important for the successful management of plant diseases, thus showing its practical applicability in field in mitigating the losses caused by disease in carnation
Banded leaf and sheath blight: A menacing disease of maize (Zea mays L.) and its management
Get PDFMaize (Zea mays L.) crop is attacked by number of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases, out of which banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) caused by anastomosis group 1-IA of Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii Exner. is one of the most widespread and destructive disease of maize in Southeast Asian countries. The occurrence of this disease has also been reported from other parts of the world, which causes significant yield loss up to 100%. R. solani can survive in the soil for several years and able to infect plants belonging to more than 32 families, including many economically important monocots and dicots plants. The severity of the disease favoured by humid weather with temperature around 28°C, poses challenge to maize growers due to its soil borne nature and lack of resistance cultivars. It is indicated that none of the disease management approaches are effective against BLSB. Banded leaf and sheath blight is difficult to control through either fungicide or crop rotation alone. A number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling BLSB have been identified that would help the development of maize hybrids resistance to this disease. Management of BLSB requires an integrated approach based on the knowledge of each stage of the disease and molecular aspect of maize defence responses against R. solani. Mention conclusion statement and novelty of the work. The present review summarizes consolidated information on distribution, yield loss, symptoms, pathogen life cycle, epidemiology, genetic structure of the pathogen population, molecular aspect of pathogenicity and its integrated management through cultural, biological, chemical and genetic means. The consolidated knowledge presented in this review should help better disease management and reduce crop yield loss due to banded leaf and sheath blight pathogen
Agroforestry systems practiced in Dhamtari district of Chhattisgarh, India
Get PDFChhattisgarh state has very diverse forest ecosystem and long history of traditional agroforestry. An agroforestry practice is location specific and depends on nature of agro-climatic zone. In Chhattisgarh, farmers are doing this farming practices based on fulfilling their diverse need and improvement of socioeconomic condition but stilldata is insufficient to explore more agroforestry practices in the state. In this context, assessment of different agroforestry models gives not only sufficient data but also open a door for conservation of biological diversity.. Different models like’s Boundary plantations, Agri-silviculture system, Horti-silvicuture, Silvi-pasture, Kitchen garden and Block plantation are used by farmers in Dhamtari. All models are dependent on location characteristic, land use type, soil type, climate and market requirement. This paper highlights the different models of Agroforestry, specific model for the specific sites, lacuna in models faced by farmers and role of agroforestry models in socioeconomic upliftment
Priming with potassium solutions improves seedling growth and vigor in forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
Get PDFIn this study a laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different potassium priming sources on seedling growth and vigor of sorghum genotypes. Priming with KH2PO4 gave best results for SOG (23.052), RL (19.667) and VI (2,291.9). KCl found to be better at lower concentration (150mM) for all the characters i.e., FGP (73.11), MGT (3.90), SOG (21.776), RL (18.444) and VI (2,272.6). However, KNO3 gave better results at higher concentration (300mM) for MGT (3.11), SOG (16.779), RL (18.056) and VI (1471.0). KMnO4 was found to be better than KCl (300 mM) and KNO3 (150 mM and 300 mM) for FGP (60.0), SOG (19.187), RL (19.256) and VI (1,998.3). Among genotypes, CSV15 gave the best results for all the vigor indices. The interaction between genotypes and treatments was recorded to be non-significant for all the characters except FGP at 0.05 level of significance. It can be concluded that seed priming with different potassium sources showed better results over control for all the characters in different sorghum genotypes. So, it may serve as appropriate treatment for accelerating the seed vigor of sorghum
Effect of chelating agents on phytoextraction of Ni from contaminated Soil by Zea mays
Get PDFThe effects of application of CDTA, (CA), DTPA, NTA and FYM on the growth of Zea mays and its Ni uptake and accumulation were investigated using the pot-culture experiments. Application of chelating agents decreased the dry matter yield of roots of Zea mays while, higher values of dry matter yield (11.35 g pot-1) was observedin case of FYM sewage sludge amended soil at 80 days after sowing. FYM addition was found beneficial as compared to control (Ni90). Dry matter yield of shoots of Zea mays increased over control due to application of CDTA and FYM. The highest value of dry matter yield of shoot (86.05 g pot-1) was observed in case of CDTA withsewage sludge amended soil at 80 days after sowing. Whereas reverse trend was observed in NTA, CA and DTPA treated soils. Chelating agents enhanced the Ni uptake by both roots and shoots, higher values of Ni uptake by roots (3415.44 ?g pot-1 ) and shoots (10104.98 ?g pot-1 ) Was observed in NTA and CDTA treated soil after 80 days of sowing in amended as compared to sewage sludge unamended soil. Application of CDTA followed by NTA was found more effective in enhancing the Ni uptake by Zea mays roots and shoots than any other chelating agents at both the growth stages. The chelating agents are found useful in enhancing phytoextractability of Ni by Zea mays. Hence, marginally Ni contaminated soil may be remediated by adding chelating agents
Maximum rainfall probability distributions pattern in Haryana –A case study
Get PDFThe present study has been undertaken to fit best probability distribution of rainfall in Ambala District of Haryana State. The analysis showed that the maximum daily rainfall among the years ranged between 41mm (1980) to 307.9mm (2009) indicating a very large variation during the period of study. The mean of maximum daily rainfall of all years annually is 112.13mm. The means of monthly and weekly values ranged from 33.10-88.92mm and 8.77- 46.28 mm, respectively. The maximum daily rainfall in a year/monsoon season was307.9 mm and monthly maximum daily rainfall in monsoon season ranged from 105 -307.9mm. The weekly maximum daily rainfall ranged from48 mm-307.9 mm. It was also observed that the minimum among the maximum daily rainfall was 41mm for annual, 34mm for season and 0 in all the months and weeks. The maximum value of coefficient of variation was observed in the first week which indicated a large fluctuation in the rainfall data set and minimum value of coefficient of variation 0.464 was observed for the whole year which shows that fluctuation was minimum for the whole year. Generalized extreme value distribution was found to be best fit probability distribution for most of the periods