Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Generating cadastral base for Kolathupalayam village in Tamil Nadu from high resolution LISS IV sensor data
Get PDFIn the present study an attempt was made to generate cadastral base from high resolution satellite image (LISS IV) and to integrate with land use land cover information. The digital cadastral map with survey number for Kolathupalayam village in Erode district of Tamil Nadu was scanned, digitized and parcels were extracted. Similarly parcels or field boundaries were digitized and extracted from satellite image and were statistically compared by area. The area obtained from both the source through digitization correlated well with a pearson correlation of 0.87 and it was significant at 5 per cent. Thus, the area comparisons from both methods are significant indicating boundaries of individual fields generated from satellite image matched well with the one generated from cadastral map. The cadastral base generated from satellite image was overlaid on the classified image (level III output) to identify and generate land cover information against each survey number. Thus, the LISS IV data can be used for the identification and extraction of cadastral boundaries with good accuracy
Feeding behaviour and pugmark analysis of elephants in Sarguja, Chhattisgarh
Get PDFThe pugmark analysis of the elephants offers basic information to track the wild elephant migratory route, identification and census. For its study, four blocks viz, Sitapur, Lundra, Batouli (Sarguja district) and Farsabahar (Jashpur district) of northern Chhattisgarh were selected because these blocks are commonly visited by elephants and a major path route of movement of heard in inter/intra state. The most commonly consumed species belongs to family poaceae (22.58%) followed by fabaceae (19.35%) but their diet was mainly dependent on availability of seasonal food round the year and on their migration. Elephants extensively fed on Artocarpus heterophyllus, Syzygium cumini, Acacia nilotica, A. catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Zizyphus mauritiana, Aegle marmelos and Ficus species, besides these elephants also utilized various grasses and shrubs as their food, which mainly included Dendrocalamus strictus, Cynodon dactylon etc. Elephants sometimes spent long time to feed on some particular plant species like D. strictus and Ficus species. Crop raiding, which was sporadic during the rainy season, gradually increased with more area being cultivated with the onset of monsoon. Analysis of pugmark revealed that the circumference varied from 63.80 cm to 172.70 cm whereas length x width varied from 22x20 cm to 60x55 cm, which reflects a substantial variation/differentiation of individual in heard in respect of their age, sex, size etcTherefore, management implications are needed to conserve the corridors for their long term survival and reduction of HEC. The study will be helpful to provide key information and facilitate better understating of the scenario to the forest department, policy maker and conservationist to plan, manage and improve the habitat towards the restoration and afforestation of suitable palatable species preferred by elephants of northern corridors of Chhattisgarh
Morphological and Biochemical Analysis of Cicer arietinum L. under Paper Industrial Effluent Stress conditions
Get PDFTo study the effect of paper industrial effluent on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) along with different concentration (10%, 20% 40%, 60% 80% and 100%) and pure tape water as a control to compare the effect of paper industrial effluent for 7 days. Physico-chemical characteristics of paper effluent were analyzed in terms of pH, colour, order temperature, DO, BOD, COD, Total hardness, carbonated hardness. All the parameters were found to be higher than the WHO prescribed discharge limits for effluent. The amount of carbohydrate, protein and reducing sugar were comparable with control, their amount were increased at 40% in effluent treated seeds. The chlorophyll content was increased simultaneously with effluent concentration. From this study it is clear that the industrial effluent rich in organic matter and plant nutrients are finding their use in agriculture as cheaper way of disposal
Effect of processing on physico-chemical and functional properties of flours from cluster or guar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) varieties
Get PDFGuar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) offers a potential source of vegetable protein and fibre, however, its utilization in food is yet to be explored. Along with the nutritional value, its effect on other properties of food is inevitable. Thus, the present study was carried to study the physicochemical and functional properties (water absorption index, water solubility index, foaming capacity, foaming stability, oil absoption capacity and gelling strength) of flours from different varieties of guar bean ( i.e. G 80, Ageta 112 and HG 365) and related to each other using Pearson correlation. Significant variations were observed in the chemical composition of flour from varieties of guar bean on processing. Germination of seeds increased the protein significantly and highest levels of increased protein content were observed in G 80 (+21.6%). Dehusking significantly increased (upto 5.9%) and extrusion processing reduced (upto 23.6%) the L* value significantly in flours from guar bean varieties. Germination increased while extrusion processing reduced the WAI and WSI. Dehusking, autoclaving and germination were observed to increase the foaming capacity significantly; however, extrusion processing markedly reduced the foaming properties of guar flours. Extrusion processing immensely affected the gelling properties of flour from guar bean varieties and lead to loss of gel formation properties. Pearson’s correlation determined a significant correlation between processing treatments and functional properties
Effect of plant growth regulators on flowering behavior of cashew cv. Vengurla-4 grown in the hilly tracts of South Gujarat
Get PDFA trial was conducted at Subhir and Chikhalda locations in Dang district of South Gujarat, India to assess the effect of Ethrel, NAA and GA3 on the flowering behavior of cashew cultivar Vengurla-4 during 2013-14. Three concentrations each of GA3 (50, 75, 100 ppm), Ethrel (10, 30, 50 ppm) and NAA (50, 75, 100ppm) were applied as foliar sprays 20 days before blossoming and 20 days after full bloom in twenty year old trees of cashew cultivar Vengurla-4. Trees sprayed with 50 ppm Ethrel had significantly the highest number of flowering panicles per squaremeter (13.09), number of perfect flowers per panicle (87.11) and sex ratio (0.24) across locations and in pooled data. However, this was at par with 10 ppm Ethrel which emerged as the second best treatment of the trial. This study demonstrated the potential of Ethrel in improving various flowering parameters of cashew which are important determinations in increasing nut production
Influence of physical seed treatment on seed quality improvement in black gram (Vigna mungo L.)
Get PDFPelleting is a physical pre-sowing seed management technique, in which seeds are enclosed with biopromotive substances to improve the field stand. To evaluate the efficacy of plant herbal powders for seed pelleting, studies were initiated with blackgram cv. ADT 3, in which seeds were pelleted with the leaf powders of noni (Morinda citrifolia) and basil (Ocimum sanctum) and fruit powder of gallnut (Terminalia chebula) @ 200 g kg-1 of seed using Carboxy methyl cellulose @ 200 ml per kilogram of seed as an adhesive. The results revealed that seeds pelleted with the leaf powders of either basil improved the seed germination by 6% and seedling vigour (23%), seedling length (9%) and seedling dry weight (5%). In raised bed nursery, the seeds pelleted with basil leaf powder @ 200 g kg-1 of seed recorded improved field emergence (7%) with higher chlorophyll index (30%) and nodule number (28%) highlighting the efficacy of the treatment. While, the seeds pelleted with gallnut fruit powder recorded lowest germination, vigour and field emergence which is significantly lesser than control. The delayed emergence, germination and vigour was due to the increase in hardiness of gallnut powder pelleted seed. Thus, the seeds treated with basil leaf powder @ 200 g kg-1 using carboxy methyl cellulose @ 200 ml per kilogram of seed as an adhesive, enhanced seed germination, vigour, seedling length and dry weight
Genetic variability studies in segregating generation for grain and nutritional quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Get PDFThe experimental materials used were four traditional landraces and six improved high yielding varieties of Tamil Nadu raised in during kharif 2012-2014. Genetic variability parameters on F3 population (20 selected F3 plants) of two cross combination viz., IR 72 x Veeradangan and ADT 39 x Kavuni in F3 population depicted wide range of variability and its ranged from 6.46 to 10.39 mg/100 g while it was from 5.39 to 7.65 mg/100 g in IR 72 x Veeradangan F3 population. Calcium content for IR 72 x Veeradangan in selected F3 population recorded wide range of variability and its ranged from 61.43 to 97.63 mg/100 g with a mean value of 80.67 mg/100 g whereas, ADT 39 x Kavuni in F3 population revealed the low range of variability and its ranged from 53.38 to 94.25 mg/100 g with a mean value of 79.58 mg/100 g for magnesium content. For iron content, IR 72 x Veeradangan in F3 population showed wide range of variability and its ranged from 0.53 to 1.03 mg/100 g with a grand mean of 0.80 mg/100 g whereas, ADT 39 x Kavuni in F3 population ranged from 0.61 to 1.33 mg/100 g and from with a grand mean value of 0.97 mg/100 g. For zinc content, wide range of variability was found in ADT 39 x Kavuni (1.43 to 2.16 mg/100 g) and in IR 72 x Veeradangan (1.51 to 1.98 mg/100 g) in F3 population
Variation in soluble extractives, lignin and holocellulose content of wood of different provenances of Tectona grandis L.
Get PDFThe present studies were conducted on variation in soluble extractives, lignin and holocellulose content of wood of different provenances of Tectona grandis. The data on cold and hot water solubility, alcohol-benzene solubility, lignin and holocellulose content of wood exhibited significant variation in different provenances of Teak. Among different selected provenances, the highest cold water solubility [16.43% (4.05)] and hot water solubility [19.56% (4.42)] was recorded in APNPL-10 and lowest was recorded in ORPLM-1 [6.34% (2.52)] and [8.34% (2.89)], respectively. Maximum percentage of alcohol-benzene solubility was observed in KLN-2 [17.64% (4.20)] andminimum per cent was recorded in MHSC-J1 [7.13% (2.67)]. Maximum percentage of lignin [39.00 % (38.64)] and holocellulose (76.53%) content was noticed in ORANP-6 and APT-11, respectively. whereas, minimum percentage of lignin 20.83% (27.15) and holocellulose (64.20%) content were found in TNT-10 and APT-20, respectively. Thestudy would help to utilize the findings and developing future strategies for screening the provenances of Tectona grandis
Characterization of wheat (Triticum aestivum) for stay green trait
Get PDFStay green trait is one of the major character of the crops like wheat, rice etc. to sustain under abiotic stresses. In the present study, 10 wheat varieties were collected to develop the stay green genotype by treating them with 0.5% Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) for 60 minutes. The various morphological and physiological characteristics such as: plant height, leaf area, numbers of productive tillers/plant, seeds per spike, 1000 grain weight, related water content (RWC), chlorophyll content etc. were recorded under controlled and treatment conditions. Exceptionally, K 7410 and RAJ 3765 varieties showed better value of all morpho-physiological characters among all the ten wheat varieties in control and treatment like 1000 grain weight 58.50 to 60.89g and 56.89 to 58.07g etc. Such mutants of these two varieties may be considered as stay green mutants and can perform better under abiotic stress conditions like drought, high temperature
Variability and trend analysis of rainfall data of Jhalawar district of Rajasthan, India
Get PDFAn attempt has been made to study the variability and trends of annual and seasonal rainfall for the period of 38 years (1973-2010) for all seven tehsils of Jhalawar district of Rajasthan. The mean annual rainfall of the district was found to 910 mm with standard deviation 218 mm and coefficient of variation 24 per cent. Annual rainfall varied from about 831 mm in Khanpur to more than 1022 mm in the Pirawa tehsil of the district. The annual rainfall showed declined trend (-0.23 to -17.41 mm/year) in all seven tehsils of the district. The negative trends at Pirawa (17.407 mm/year), Manoharthana (11.595 mm/year) and Aklera (5.789 mm/year) are statistically significant at less than 0.001, 0.05 and 0.05 levels, respectively. During the study period maximum dry period was recorded during postmonsoon and winter. Also, for the entire 38 years period maximum dry months were recorded during December till April. August was normal month for about 87 per cent followed by July and June for about 84 per cent and 66 per cent respectively. It was evident that the onset of south-west (SW) monsoon took place in the month of June and chancesof drought occurrence during kharif season were very low. Hence, SW monsoon rainfall is found ideal for raising kharif crops like soybeans, urd, moong, jowar, maize, tomato, brinjal, chilli, okra, kharif onion, amaranth, rainfed green gram, red gram, castor, etc in the district