Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Use of crop condition based dummy regressor and weather input for parameter estimation of mustard yield forecast models
Get PDFParameter estimation in statistical modelling plays a crucial role in the real world phenomena. Several alternative analyses may be required for the purpose. In this paper, standard linear regression and multivariate statistical analyses were carried out to achieve the district-level rapeseed-mustard yield estimation in Haryana State (India). The study revealed that the zonal weather models incorporating crop condition term as dummy regressor(s) had the desired predictive accuracy. The model based mustard yield(s) indicated good agreement with State Department of Agriculture (DOA) yield estimates by showing 5-10 percent deviations in most of the mustard growing districts however for two-three districts, it gave 12-13 percent deviations possibly due to the smaller set of data available for those districts. The crop yield estimates on the basis of developed models may be obtained 4-5 weeks in advance of the harvest time
Combining ability analysis for yield and quality traits in single cross hybrids of quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) using diallel mating design
Get PDFForty-five single-cross hybrids developed (in rabi 2014) from ten inbred lines of quality protein maize through diallel mating design along with four checks viz., Pratap QPM Hybrid- 1, Vivek QPM- 9, HQPM- 1 and HQPM-5 were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications for yield and quality traits during kharif-2014, to estimate the gca (general combining ability) of the parents and sca (specific combining ability) of hybrids considered for the development of high yielding varieties. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed significant mean sum of squares due to gca and sca for all the traits, except mean sum of square due to gca for num-ber of grain rows per ear. Ratio of ?2 sca / ? 2 gca was greater than one for all the traits, thereby indicating the preponderance of non-additive gene effects in the expression of these traits. Inbred line P8 and P5 has been found good general combiner with highest magnitude of gca effects 10.46 and 8.89, respectively and high per se i.e. 52.33 g and 44.67 g, respectively for grain yield per plant and majority of traits. Hybrids P6xP8, P5xP8, P3xP5, P5xP7 and P1xP8 showed higher significant positive sca effects ranged from 25.66 to 34.59 along with good per se ranged from 98.00 to 107.67 g for grain yield per plant. These hybrids also exhibited significant positive sca effects for most of the yield and quality traits under study, indicating potential and may be used for exploiting hybrid vigour in in QPM hybrid breeding programmes
Genetic divergence analysis in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.]
Get PDFThe study was conducted during summer 2014-15 at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh to assess the genetic diversity among 50 genotypes of bottle gourd (Ligenaria siceraria L.). The genetic diversity analysis revealed the formation of 13 clusters suggesting the presence of wide genetic diversity. The clustering pattern indicated that geographic diversity was not associated with genetic diversity. The analysis of per cent contribution of various characters towards the expression of total genetic divergence indicated that number of fruits per vine (22.45%) followed by number of primary branches per vine (13.80%), average fruit weight (11.51%), vine length (11.18%), fruit yield per vine (10.61%), number of male flowers (7.84%), fruit length (6.45%), ratio of male to female flowers (4.82%), days to first picking (4.49%) and days to opening of first male flower (3.84%) contributed maximum towards total genetic divergence. Based on the maximum genetic distance. It is advisable to attempt crossing of the genotypes from cluster XII(GP-14) with the genotypes of cluster IV (GP-25) and XI (GP-53), which may lead to the generation of broad spectrum of favourable genetic variability for yield improvement in bottle gourd
Choice of parents for developing two line hybrids in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Get PDFAn investigation was carried out to evaluate two line hybrids in rice for yield traits. Four TGMS lines and eleven testers were crossed in line x Tester design. Greater proportion of sca variance was observed for all the characters which revealed that preponderance of non- additive gene action governing traits concerned and selection procedures based on the accumulation of additive effects would be successful in improving these traits. The line TS09 24 and testers viz., T 2006, KDML 105, Improved white ponni and BPT 5204 were found to be good combiners for the yield and yield components. The best hybrids based on sca value, TNAU 27S x Improved white ponni was derived from low x low combiners for thousand grain weight and TS 29 X ADT 38 for the number of filled grains per panicle spikelet fertility. The best performing hybrid TS 29 x KDML 105 produced 54.25g of grain yield per plant in 128 days which was 92.89 and 85.47 per cent increase over the standard checks CORH 3 and Improved white ponni respectively. This hybrid also recorded 27.32 and 64.30 per cent increase CORH 3 and Improved white ponni for thousand grain weight. Hence, the two line hybrid breeding system, utilizing thermo sensitive genic male sterility is economically feasible as well as viable alternative to cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) based three line breeding due to much simplified hybrid seed production
Efficacy of traditional products on the biochemical aspects of stored mungbean infested with Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius)
Get PDFThe effect of traditional products viz. turmeric powder, turmeric grits, garlic powder along with standard check (7 cm layer of sand on the top of stored seed) was evaluated on the biochemical aspects of stored mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.)] infested with Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius). Treatments with garlic powder at 1.5 % concentration recorded significantly less egg laying (2.00), less larval penetration (5.00%), less adult emergence (1.02%) as compared to other treatments. Alcoholic acidity increased significantly from 0.51 to 0.59, 0.46 to 0.55 and 0.38 to 0.49 % by turmeric powder at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 % concentration, respectively, as compared to control samples. Garlic powder was found to be most effective in checking uric acid at concentration of 1.5 % during four months of storage, followed by turmeric powder @ 2.0 % and turmeric grits @ 1.0 %. Order of effectiveness of used traditional products was garlic powder> turmeric powder>turmeric grits
Role of trichomes on leaves and pods for imparting resistance in chickpea [Cicer arientinum (L.)] genotypes against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)
Get PDFIn chickpea, trichomes provide a potential resistance mechanism against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The present study was conducted to evaluate the trichome density and trichome length on leaves and pods on nine genotypes of chickpea. Two types of trichomes were observed, i.e. non-glandular (on leaves) and glandular (pods). Few glandular trichomes were observed on leaves and a very few non-glandular trichomes were observed on pods. Highest number of non-glandular trichomes on leaves (33.66 trichomes/mm2) were observed in chickpea genotype 5282. Minimum number of glandular trichomes were observed on pods of genotype GL 25016 (12.66 glandular trichomes per mm2). In case of leaves, genotypes ICCL 86111 and GL 25016 recorded maximum non-glandular trichome length of 347.23 and 301.53 ?m, respectively. However, genotypes GL 25016, RSG 963 and 5282 rec-orded maximum glandular trichome length of 538.33, 564.97 and 432.61 ?m, respectively in pods. Density of non glandular trichomes on leaves showed significant and negative correlation with number of eggs, larval population, larval survival and per cent pod damage. However, density of glandular trichomes on pods showed significant and positive correlation with number of eggs , larval population of H. armigera, larval survival and pod damage. Length of non-glandular trichomes on leaves and glandular trichomes on pods showed non-significant and negative correlation with number of eggs, larval population of H. armigera, larval survival and pod damage. Hence, genotypes with more pubescent leaves, lesser pubescent pods and longer trichomes (both on leaves and pods) should be preferred for developing H. armigera tolerant chickpea genotypes
Studies on biochemical constituents of sapota (Manilkara zapota L.) at different stages of ripening during storage
Get PDFSapota fruits (Var. Cricket Ball) of three different ripening stages i.e. mature(? 13 kg/cm2), half ripe (6-7 kg/cm2), and full ripe (2-3 kg/cm2), were packed with newspaper soaked with 3 dosages (1000 ppm, 2000 ppm and 3000 ppm) of ethylene absorbent (KMnO4) along with control and stored at normal room temperature by packing in cardboard boxes. It was observed that specific gravity, ascorbic acid and total phenols decreased whereas cumulative loss in weight and malondialdehyde content increased with increasing period of storage. Fruits packed in different concentrations of KMnO4 soaked paper had less cumulative loss and retained more content of specific gravity, ascorbic acid and total phenols in all three stages. But less malondialdehyde content was observed. The effect of KMnO4 increased with increasing concentrations of KMnO4 in all three stages. As a result, more desirable content was noted in fruits packed with 3000 ppm concentration of KMnO4in mature fruits. This work relates to enhancement of shelf life of sapote so that it may be transported to far off places
Wasteland reclamation strategy for household timber security of tribes in Jharkhand, India
Get PDFThe study sought to examine the timber dependency on forests and evolve wasteland reclamation strategy to eliminate the forest dependency in Bundu block of Ranchi District in Jharkhand, India. Multi-stage random sampling technique was applied to select 164 tribal households from 9 sample villages. Data were collected using structured interviews and non-participant observations which were analyzed using descriptive statistics viz., frequency, percentage, mean and range. Results revealed that forests contributed maximum timber (136.36 m3 annum-1) followed by traditional agroforestry (69.09 m3 annum-1), community forestry (41.33 m3 annum-1) and homestead forestry (35.71 m3 annum-1). Timber extracted is mostly consumed in housing (124.66 m3 annum-1) followed by agricultural implements (82.71 m3 annum-1), furniture (35.25 m3 annum-1), carts/ carriages (17.60 m3 annum-1), fencing (10.23 m3 annum-1), cattle shed/ store house (9.10 m3 annum-1) and others (2.94 m3 annum-1). Forests were exposed to timber pressure of 136.36 m3 annum-1 (48.27%) posing ample deforestation and degradation. The strategy consisted of timber and bamboo plantations is designed which would secure 1065.60 m3 annum-1 of timber, 0.455 lakh annum-1 of bamboo culms, 568.26 tons annum-1 of bamboo leaf and agricultural products. The strategy would yield income of Rs. 34210.78 household-1 annum-1 and employment of 67.15 person-days household-1 annum-1. Financial viability of proposed interventions has been worked out by meticulous economic calculations of Net Present Value, Benefit Cost Ratio and Internal Rate of Return. The execution of strategy would eliminate the current unsustainable timber extraction, safeguard the future timber predicament and ensure environmental security
Performance of garden pea varieties for their growth and yield characteristics in Vidharbha region of Maharashtra, India
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted in 2013 to study the performance of different varieties of garden pea under Akola condition at Department of Horticulture Dr.Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidhyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra. Eight varieties were evaluated on black soil in replicated randomized block design and Results were found significant for all characters among these varieties. All varieties exhibited considerable variation in their performance for most of the parameters. Better growth and yield parameters in terms of plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, days to first flowering, number of green pod/plant, green pod weight, green pod length, pod yield/plant, green pod yield per plot and green pod yield per ha were noticed in all varieties. Maximum plant height was observed in Jawahar Matar-2 (72.26 cm) and minimum was in Palam Priya (28.46 cm). In case of number of pods plant-1 was maximum in PB-89 (16.43) followed by Palam Triloki (13.9) and minimum in Jawahar Matar-2 (9.83). Similarly for pod characters, average pod weight, maximum pod weight was recorded in PB-89 (6.12 g) and minimum was recorded in Arka Kartik (3.27g). Green pod yield/plant was highest in PB-89 (87.93 g), Palam Triloki (75.45 g) and Ankur (68.42 g). Whereas, maximum green pod/yield. was recorded in PB-89 (93.12q/ha) followed by Palam Triloki (76.97q/ha). Among all these varieties highest protein and Total Soluble Solid contents was recorded in Palam Triloki variety (23.06% and 17.67% respectively). PB-89, Palam Triloki and Ankur had the highest yields over the others, hence, they are recommended to farmers in semi-arid condition of Vidharba region for cultivation
Applications of molecular markers for bacterial blight resistant varieties in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Get PDFBacterial blight is one of devasting disease in almost all rice growing countries. The most effective, eco-nomic and environmental strategy for control of this disease is to develop rice varieties with genetic resistance. However, new pathotype has overcome single gene for resistance in the new cultivars. So, plant breeders are con-centrating to develop high yielding varieties with durable resistance using novel technologies. Molecular marker technology has progressed tremendously in the past decade for genetic improvement of field crops. Molecular markers can improve efficiency of breeding in different ways for trait in segregating population like identify plants with target gene in maximum recovery portion of recurrent parent. The transfer of two or three genes into single variety with the help of molecular marker is expected to lead to more durable resistance. Thus, thus review describes progress made in the development of bacterial blight resistance rice varieties using Marker Assisted Selection