Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Study of physico-chemical parameters of orange (Citrus reticulate Blanco) for the development of orange wine
Get PDFPhysico-chemical properties are an essential factor during processing and preservation of food. The retention and changes in physico-chemical properties depends upon the processing technique. In this work, physicochemical parameters of orange like vitamin C (ascorbic acid), pH, total soluble solids (TSS), % acidity, temperature and color were studied with all the optimized conditions of fermentations for the development of orange wine. The fermentation of the fruit juice was completed within 7 days period at temperature 27oC, pH 4.5 and total soluble solids of 24oBrix with an inoculum level of 10% (v/v). Thus, orange wine with ethanol content of 8.5% (v/v) was prepared from the orange variety ‘Nagpur Santra’ (Citrus Reticulata Blanco) in controlled physico-chemical parameters
Study on genetic variability in some agro-morphological traits of Brassica rapa L. (Brown sarson) germplasm characterized under rainfed conditions of Kashmir, India
Get PDF36 Brassica rapa L. (Brown sarson) genotypes were characterized during two successive seasons of 2013/14 and 2014/15 along with two national checks (Puas Kalyani and GSL-2) and one local check variety (Shalimar-1) to assess the extent of variability and amount of variation in agro-morphological traits of plant height, number of primary branches/plant, days to 50% flowering, number of seeds/siliqua, seed yield/plant and 1000-seed weight. Important traits of plant height varied from 58.35 cm - 95.36 cm, seed yield/plant from 3.840 g - 18.470 g and 1000-seed weight from 2.746 g - 4.377 g. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences at 0.05 level of probability among different genotypes for these characters during a particular year while differences were non-significant in all the traits excepting days to 50% flowering when data of the two years was compared. Highest variability, phenotypic coefficient of variation (33.89%) and genotypic coefficient of variation (30.99%) were recorded for the trait seed yield/plant. High heritability coupled with high to moderate per cent genetic advance was recorded for seed yield/plant and 1000-seed weight indicating that these traits can be improved through simple selection. Moderate heritability with low genetic advance was observed in all other traits suggesting greater influence of environment. Promising donor genotypes for all these traits have been identified for possible utilization in breeding programmes in the region
Yield and quality attributes with seasonal variation in Napier Bajra hybrid (Pennisetum purpureum × Pennisetum glaucum) under different nitrogen environments
Get PDFField experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2013 in randomized block design using three nitrogen doses (50, 75 and 100 kgN/ha) with three replications for Napier Bajra hybrid. Three nitrogen fertilizers, potassium nitrate (KNO3), urea [CO(NH2)2] and ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO4] were used in divided doses. The crop was harvested four times in different seasons. Growth attributes viz. plant height (72.6cm), number of tillers per plant (20.1) and leaf length (91.2) found highest at 100 kgN/ha doses and maximum values were recorded in monsoon season. Green fodder yield (321.0 q/ha) and dry fodder yield (79.6 q/ha) were recorded highest with KNO3 fertilization and found maximum in monsoon season. Among all the harvest seasons, crude protein yield (19.1 q/ha) was observed maximum in summer season. Quality attributes viz. ether extract (2.6%), ash content (12.9%) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (62.6%) were observed highest in summer season. Crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre decreased with increased level of nitrogen doses and observed maximum in monsoon season
Effect of humic acid and nutrients mixture on quality parameter of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under polyhouse condition
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted on Effect of humic acid and nutrients mixture on growth and yield parameter of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under polyhouse condition at Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur (Raj.). The data was analyzed statistically following completely randomized design. The results revealed that treatment T7 [(RDF + humic acid 10 kg/ha soil application + humic acid 0.1% foliar spray + nutrient mixture foliar spray (0.2% Ca + 0.5% Mg + 0.2% B + 0.5% Zn)] was recorded superior to enhance leaf nutrients analysis Ca (1.656%), Mg (0.763%), Zn (25.07ppm) and B (61.94ppm), fruit nutrient analysisCa (1.904%), Mg (0.877%), Zn (58.98ppm) and B (61.84ppm), total Soluble Solids (TSS) (6.020%), ascorbic acid content (39.85mg/100g), lycopene content (3.75 mg/100g) and cost benefit ratio (4.81)
Combining ability, gene action and heritability analysis for early blight resistance, yield and quality traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Get PDFNine tomato genotypes were crossed in Line ×Tester fashion to develop 18 hybrids, which, along with their parents and checks were evaluated for early blight resistance, fruit yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lyco-persicum) to know extent of combining ability for the same. IIHR1816 was found to be the best general combiner with significant highest GCA (General Combining Ability) in desirable direction for per cent disease index (-15.71), carotenoids (3.46), lycopene (2.43) and yield (13.13); while, for plant height (3.94), average fruit weight (25.93), fruit length (0.54), fruit breadth (0.63) and pericarp thickness (1.71), the line IIHR2848 was best general combiner. The tester IIHR2852 was a best general combiner for traits like days to 50% flowering (-0.83) and fruit firmness (0.51).The crosses viz., IIHR2891 × IIHR2853 (11.61), IIHR2850 × IIHR2852 (11.40) and IIHR2892 × IIHR2890 (11.19) were found to be superior specific combiners for yield. IIHR2892 × IIHR2852 was a superior specific combin-er for fruit quality traits like fruit firmness (0.98), total carotenoids (6.95) and lycopene (4.52).Best specific combiners for early blight resistance were IIHR2850 × IIHR2852 (-9.58), IIHR2891 × IIHR2890 (-9.58) and IIHR2892 × IIH-R2890 (-6.82). The experiment helped in identifying these superior general combiners and specific combiners for early blight resistance, coupled with good yield and quality of the crop, which can be used in further breeding under-takings
Assessment of genetic variability among different genotypes of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in India
Get PDFThe field experiment was carried out at the research farm of Horticulture Garden, Bihar Agricultural College, Sabour, Bhagalpur during 2014-15 for assessment of genetic variability among different genotypes of cape gooseberry in India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications having twelve genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the traits studies which suggesting sufficient variability for yield and quality parameters. The overall values of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than those of genetic coefficient of variation (GCV). Higher magnitude of GCV and PCV were recorded for fruit per plant percent (33.30 and 36.61) followed by fruit diameter, fruit weight and flowers per branch. The maximum GCV (33.30) and PCV (36.61) were recorded in fruits/plant respectively. The high values of GCV are the indication of excess variability among the genotypes and thus the scope for crop improvement depends on the selection of superior parents for crossing to get better parents for hybridization. In present study, the magnitude of heritability ranged from 37% to 98% indicating that these traits are controlled by additive gene action which is very useful in selection. The traits like plant girth, plant height, inter nodal length, appearance of 50% of flowering, bud break to full bloom, number of flowers per branch, number of fruits set per branch, duration of fruit set to maturity, fruit weight, fruit diameter and number of fruits per plant with high GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean, indicating that these characters are under additive gene effects and more reliable for effective selection
Seed quality enhancement through biopriming in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris. L)
Get PDFAn experiment on seed quality enhancement of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) var. S 9 (local) was conducted at the department of seed science and technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during 2013-14 by use of three biocontrol agents viz. Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescence. Seeds were bi-oprimed with the biocontrol agents at 40, 50 and 60 % concentration for 4,8,12 and 16 hours of soaking. Seeds were also hydro primed for 4,8,12 and 16 hours. Unprimed dry seed resulted in germination (69 %), shoot length (27.5 cm), root length (14 cm), seedling dry weight (1.71g), SVI-I (2859.2), SVI-II (118.0) and speed of germination (5.8) while hydro primed seeds resulted in germination (72%), shoot length (31.9 cm), root length (15 cm), seedling dry weight (1.80 g), SVI-1 (3375.9) SVI-II (129.8) and speed of germination (6.7). Trichoderma harzianum at 40% con-centration and for 4 hours of soaking resulted enhancement of above quality parameter like 13.0 % in germination, 21.1 % in shoot length, 20.7 % in root length, 31.6 % in seedling dry weight, 36 % in seedling vigour index-I, 48.1 % in seedling vigour index-II and 58.6 % in speed of germination over unprimed seeds. Bio priming with P. fluorescence ( at 40% concentration and for 4 hour) closely followed and at par with best treatment with 11.6 %, 18.2 %, 16.4 %, 30.4 %, 30.7 % and 56.9 % enhancement of above mentioned quality parameters, respectively
Light interception and yield response of cotton varieties to high density planting and fertilizers in sub-tropical India
Get PDFPlant density and optimum fertilization are two important agronomic practices to enhance productivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high density planting (HDPS) and fertilization rate, especially their interactions, on yield, yield components of cotton varieties in sub-tropical India. Split-split plot design was adopted and replicated thrice. The main plots were assigned to low, medium and high plant densities (16.7, 13.3 and 11.1 plants/m2). Pre released cotton varieties TCH-1705 and LH-2298 were tested in low, moderate and high rates of fertilizers recommended for the region (100, 125 and 150 %) in sub-sub plots. Significantly higher seed cotton yield (1148 kg/ha) was achieved in narrow inter row spaced at 60 cm over normal plant row spacing of 90 cm (1025 kg/ha). Compact genotype TCH-1705 was out yielded (1146 kg/ha) over LH 2298(1044 kg/ha). Application of fertilizers at higher rate improved seed cotton yield (1232 kg/ha) Leaf area index (3.8) and light interception (0.98) over blanket recommendation. The results of the study inferred that seed cotton yield improvement was possible under HDPS production system with compact varieties grown at narrow spacing and higher fertilizer dose
Assessment of heavy metals in brands of canned fishes stored in vegetable oil marketed in Benin city, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study was undertaken to ascertain the safety level of consuming canned fish as it relates to metals. Seven commonly consumed canned fish brands stored in vegetable oil sold in Benin-City were bought from super stores and in the open markets and stored at ambient temperature between January to September, 2015. A total of 106 samples were collected and analysed in triplicates for iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V); which were detected in all the canned fish samples but V had an average of 0.024mg/kg value during the study which was just a detection level. The heavy metal variation ranged between 2.21-21.38mgFe/kg, 5.41- 52.35mgZn/kg, 0.05-0.72mgMn/kg, 0.42-7.00mgNi/kg and 0.02-0.16mgV/kg respectively during the period of study. Generally, heavy metal concentration increased with increasing storage time especially Fe and Zn. There was significant difference in the mean concentration of the heavy metal levels evaluated during the period of study in the different brands ((p>0.05). The Laser, Soil and Titus sardines were significantly higher. However, all the metal concentrations were not significantly different (p>0.05) from the permissible set limits by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Health Organization (WHO) and European Union (EU) legislation for fish except for nickel. Effort must therefore be made to comprehensively and intermittently monitor metal levels on arrival and during long time storage of canned fish. As this will not only help to safeguard the health of the citizenry but the point at which metal contamination occurs can be effectively deduced and appropriate measures could then be taken to prevent metal contamination
Nanotechnological innovation for the production of daughter less Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Get PDFThe aim of present work was to develop a new Fadrozole (FDZ)-loaded Poly (D,L-lactide-co– glycolide) lactide:glycolide (50:50)(PLGA) nanoparticles for effective delivery of the masculinization drug, Fadrozole, as an alternative to commercially available masculinization agents like testosterone (dietary supplementation of 17 ?- methyltestosterone) which are steroids and banned in most EU countries. The FDZ-loaded PLGA NPs were pre-pared by solvent displacement technique. The particle size of FDZ-loaded PLGA NPs was analyzed using LICOMP particle size analyser. It was found to be in the range of 60±66.7 nm to 560±66.7 nm with average size of 201.4±66.7 nm, where the Zeta potential was estimated to be about -20.82 mV, a series of experiments were carried out to induce masculinization using FDZ-loaded PLGA nanoparticles during the sex differentiation period. Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fry were treated with FTZ-loaded PLGA nanoparticles at dosages 5, 25, 50 and 100ppm/kg diet for 10, 15 and 30 days. The results indicated an increase in the proportion of males with dosage and duration of treatment. The male percentage was 92.35±0.86 for T7(50 ppm) at 10 days, 97.76±1.12 for T7 (100 ppm) at 15 days and 100 % for both T6 (50ppm) and T7 (100 ppm) at 30 days. This is first time done by using nanotechnology efficiently in Tilapia species which is very important Fresh water aquaculture species in present era. Which showed increase the male population with lesser dose of nano-encapsulated Fadrozole (FDZ) loaded PLGA nanoparticles drug as compared with naked control Fadrozole (FDZ) drug delivery