Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Eco-friendly management of late blight of potato– A review
Get PDF Late blight of potato caused by fungus Phytophthora infestans responsible for Irish famine in the year 1845, is one of the most dramatic episode caused by plant pathogen in human history. One million people died due to famine in Ireland. So eco-friendly management of potato late blight disease is a necessary goal to be accomplished.During last many years, management strategies solely relied upon the application of fungicides due to rapid development of late blight epidemics. However, indiscriminate use of fungicide posesses a serious threat to the environment and human health. It is also responsible for built up of resistance in the pathogen and have adverse effect on beneficial organisms such as nitrogen fixers, resident antagonism and mycorrhizal fungi. So to minimize the fungicide use, eco-friendly means for late blight management are required on a priority basis. In recent years, significant changes in isolates of late blight fungus have been recorded including changes in aggressiveness to the crop also. Since, late blight is a community disease so, effective eco-friendly management must be adopted by the all producers, farmers, gardeners and growers with the help of government agencies, extension specialist and crop consultants etc. The strategy to control late blight is the prevention of establishment of Phytophthorainfestans in potato crop. In this context, disease management by cultural practices is the first line of defense while forecasting system, physiological strategies, biological control, host plant resistance and bio-technological approach are essential for efficient, effective and eco-friendly management of late blight of potato
Design and technical characteristics of shark gillnet operating in Mumbai coast
Get PDFThis paper deals with design and general features of shark gillnets operated along Mumbai coast. A PA monofilament of 0.60 to 1.0 mm diameter and selvedge meshes of PE of 1 to 2 mm diameter were used for shark set gillnets along Mumbai coast. Mesh size of the main webbing ranged from 120 to 200 mm with average of 144.4 ± 10.83 mm and rigged with a hanging coefficient of 0.41 to 0.51 with average of 0.42 were commonly used. A hung length ranging from 40 to 105 m with mean of 59 ± 10.37 with total hung depth varying from 6.42 to 10.58 m with average of 8.15 ± 0.49 m. Shark gillnet had a total length of 260 to 456 m with mean of 350.71 ± 28.53 m. The nets were operated mostly at a depth up to 18 m very near to the shore and were of set type of gillnet. Polyamide (PA) monofilament netting of 0.16 to 0.32 mm diameter and of mesh size 26-200 mm were generally used for construction of gillnets throughout the Mumbai coast. Polyamide (PA) monofilament has completely replaced PA multifilament in all the nets except those targeted i.e. white sardine and seerfish
Development of fragrant microcapsules for woven cotton fabric
Get PDFA consumer-oriented twenty first century challenges garment and fabric producers to come up with innovations which result from the technological advancements to not only help in strengthening the existing product line but also to diversify and flourish in new areas. Many fragrant fabrics have been developed nowadays due to the reason of enjoying a healthy life style, and these novel products often possess additional functionalities which are good for human health. Not only does plant essential oil give off a pleasant smell but also the functions of antiseptic, antiphlogistic and emotional calming. In the present study, microencapsulation of geranium oil was carried out on cotton woven fabric. Geranium oil was selected as the core material and gum acacia as wall material for encapsulation using complex coacervation technique and ratio of 1:4:4 of oil, gum and gelatin, at a temperature of 50°C with initial and final pH 4.5 and 9.0 respectively was optimized for microencapsulation process. Microencapsulation helped in controlling the release rate of aroma and imparted durable fragrance finish on textile
Effect of storage conditions, packing materials and seed treatments on viability and seedling vigour of onion (Allium cepa l.) seeds
Get PDFThe present investigation was carried out from July 2013 to July 2015, wherein 100 g of fresh quality seed of onion cv. GWO 1 was having high germination percentage and moisture content below 8 per cent. The treatment consisted of two storage conditions (C) viz., C1 (Ambient temperature) and C2 (Cold storage at 70C + 20C); two packing materials (P) viz., P1 = Cloth Bag and P2 = Polythene Bag (500 gauge = 125 µ), and five seed treatments (S) viz., S1 = Control, S2 = Carbendazim @ 2g/kg seed, S3 = Mancozeb @ 2g/kg seed, S4 = Thirum @ 3g/kg seed, and S5 = Neem leaf powder @ 10g / kg seed. After proper mixing or smearing the seeds as per the treatments, seeds were packed and stored as per treatments. Observations were recorded at 90 days interval on viability and vigour parameters. The results revealed that seed stored under cold storage (7±2 °C) and in polyethylene bags (500 gauge) noted significantly higher values for all the characters even after two years of storage. All the treatment combinations of seed stored under cold storage gave more than 70 per cent germination (As per ISTA standard) even after two years of storage, of which, seed treated with thirum @ 3g/kg seed was the best treatment. Therefore, it can be concluded that seed of onion can be stored up to two year in cold storage packed in polyethylene bag without or with seed treatment without deterioration in germination and seedling vigour
Scanning Electron Microscopy study of root tissue of muskmelon: Transferring Fusarium wilt resistance from snapmelon to muskmelon
Get PDFThe overall aim of this study was to investigate the level of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Melonis (F.o.m.) infection by studying the Scanning electron micrographs of transverse sections of parent inbred lines and developed F1 hybrid. The current study involved KP4HM-15 (Fusarium wilt resistant inbred line) in a crossing program with well adapted muskmelon cv. Punjab Sunehri (PS) to develop FW resistant hybrid possessing high yield and quality traits. Fom infects melon root and trails through the cortical and endodermal cells to reach xylem vessels by penetrating through pits. This is the first SEM appraisal of the whole tap root of field grown melon accessions, KP4HM-15, PS and PSxKP4HM-15 (MH-41) (F1 hybrid) aimed to discern the role of the root morphometric characters for imparting FW resistance. The trend for root epidermo-cortical thickness was KP4HM-15>PS>MH-41 while for the xylem diameter was MH-41> KP4HM-15>PS. The F1 hybrid exhibited FW resistance intermediate among the two parents i.e. absence or presence of less mycelia as compared to the susceptible parent (PS). However, the extent of infection was higher than the resistant parent KP4HM-15, which shows that partial resistance was transferred from KP4HM-15 to MH-41. This study accentuates the resistance gene mining and use of wild melon accessions to introgress FW resistance in commercial melon cultivars
Effect of bending of shoots on flowering, yield and quality of guava cv. Khaja
Get PDFThe study of the effect of bending of shoots in different months in guava cv. Khaja was carried out at
Horticulture Research Station, Mondouri of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya to find out suitable bending time for improving flowering, yield and quality of guava. The experiment consists of seven treatments with three replications in a randomised block design. The different treatments were bending in October (T1), November (T2), March (T3), April (T4), May (T5), June (T6) and untreated control (T7). Bending in June (T6) resulted early emergency of new shootlet (15.0 days), flower initiation (40.33 days) and fruit set (48.33 days) from the date of bending as well as the same treatment showed maximum fruit weight (197.67 gm), fruit length (8.00 cm), fruit diameter (7.16 cm) and pulp thickness (2.20 cm). Higher fruit quality in terms of total soluble solids (11.04 0brix), total sugar (7.0 %) and ascorbic acid content (197.96 mg/100g pulp) was noted when bending was done in May (T5) and June (T6). Bending in the month of October (T1) resulted in maximum C: N ratio of leaf with maximum flowering shootlets in a branch and yield (63.67 kg/plant). So, time of bending may be standardized in the month of October or June for higher profit
Morphological and germination physiognomies of Carissa carandas seedlings influenced by seed storage at ambient conditions
Get PDFThe present study was taken up to know the morphological and germination physiognomies of karonda (Carissa carandas) seeds influenced by seed storage period at ambient conditions (26 ?C temperature and 55 % RH). Seeds were subjected to store at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days at room temperature (26?C). Germination percentage and various morphological characteristics viz., vigour index, fresh weight of shoot and root, dry weight of shoot and root, root to shoot ratio were recorded. Among stored seeds 10 days old seeds recorded highest germina-tion percentage (57 %) and 60 days old seeds recorded lowest germination (20.33 %). At the end (90 days after sowing) 10 days old seeds again possessed higher fresh weight of root (0.300 g) and shoot (1.240 g), dry weight of root (0.103 g) and shoot (0.487 g), root to shoot ratio (0.212) and vigour index (1772.70 cm) among stored seeds. These physiological observations were quite similar with the freshly harvested seed which found maximum values for all the parameters owing to higher moisture content. Karonda seeds showed good viability upto10 days thereafter its value declined and it reached minimum after 60 days of storage
Evaluation of new genotypes of brinjal (Solacanum melongena L.) under tarai condition of Uttarakhand
Get PDFIn order to assess the performance of some new genotypes of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) under tarai condition of Uttarakhand, an investigation was carried out at Vegetable Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, during autumn-winter cropping season of 2012-13. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 replications and 9 treatments viz. PB-300, PB-301, PB-302, PB-303, PB-304, PB-305, Kashi Tarun, Punjab Sadabahar and Pant Samrat. To have comparative study, growth characters, per cent fruit infested by fruit borer, fruit yield and finally economics were also worked out. The findings revealed that none of the new genotypes in this study could supersede the local checks in respect to yield related attributes, per cent infested fruit by borer and economics. Amongst 6 genotypes and 3 commercial cultivars, variety Kashi Tarun proved the best with respect to fruit yield (490.73 q/ha) and B:C (2.43). It is also less infested by fruit borer. The per cent infested fruit by borer was 7.16 %. Variety pant samrat and pant bahar were also considered promising with 385.70 and 369.33 q/ha marketable fruit yield
Effect of storage periods and packaging materials on the proximate and chemical properties of frozen blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) at different exposure time
Get PDFThis research seeks to determine the effect of storage periods and packaging materials on the proximate and chemical properties of frozen blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) at different exposure time – 0 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours, on arrival at the laboratory. Frozen M. poutassou were bought and stored in a commercial cold room for 12 weeks at -10oC and packed in different packaging materials (Ziploc bag, foil paper and carton) with un-wrapped samples for analysis which lasted 90 days and was conducted every 14 days to measure the moisture, protein, fat, ash, fibre and nitrogen free extract (NFA) content of the fish sample as well as iodine value, peroxide value, saponification value, acid value, free fatty acid and hydroxyl value of fish oil. The result clearly reveals that during storage, the different packaging materials showed significantly (p<0.05) decreasing trend in protein, lipid, ash, fibre and NFA content with increasing storage period and time of analysis except for the moisture content that showed opposite trend. For the chemical properties, the saponification value, peroxide value, free fatty acid, acid value and hydroxyl value showed significantly (p<0.05) increasing trend in the different packaging materials with increasing storage period and time of analysis. While the iodine value decreased with increasing period of storage and time of analysis; the iodine, saponification, peroxide and hydroxyl values were not within the acceptable limits
Studies on variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield contributing characters in french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm under tarai region of Uttarakhand
Get PDFSeventy four French bean germplasms were evaluated for twenty two quantitative traits to study the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance during Jan-Feb in G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. Significant differences were observed among all genotypes. Higher genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability were observed for plant height, seed yield per plant, pod yield per plant, pod yield per hectare, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight (42.45% and 43.30%, 39.72% and 42.34%, 27.59% and 32.12%, 27.59% and 32.12%, 25.01% and 28.14%, 24.56% and 26.76% and 22.65% and 22.96% respectively). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance over mean were observed for plant height, seed yield per plant, pod yield per plant, pod yield per hectare, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, number of pods per cluster, leaf length, single pod weight, pod diameter, pod length, number of pod clusters per plant, leaf width, seed length, number of seeds per pod and seed width (96.34% and 85.73%, 88.03% and 76.77%, 73.80% and 48.83%, 73.80% and 48.83%, 84.20% and 46.42%, 97.34% and 46.04%, 45.78% and 78.96%, 38.88% and 89.58%, 38.21% and 92.70%, 92.69% and 35.45%, 90.13% and 34.48%, 32.47% and 79.39%, 28.03% and 79.60%, 26.92% and 99.04%, 56.27% and 24.85%, and 97.82% and 24.01% respectively) indicate predominance additive gene action. Thus, there is ample scope for improving these characters through direct selection