Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Population dynamics and stock assessment of Delegoa threadfin bream, Nemipterus bipunctatus (Nemipteridae), from the Wadge Bank, South India
Get PDFFishery, population characteristics and stock estimates of Nemipterus bipunctatus were studied during June 2015 to May 2016 from Wadge Bank, South India. This region is characterised by rich biodiversity and has a conducive influence of the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea. The asymptotic length (L?), growth coefficient (K) and arbitrary origin of growth (t0) were estimated as 30.5 cm, 0.85/year and 0.18 respectively. The mortality parameters, total mortality rate (Z), fishing mortality rate and natural mortality rate (M) were estimated as 2.20, 0.95 and 1.25 respectively. Exploitation ratio (E) was found to be 0.57 which showed marginal over exploitation of the species at Wadge Bank. This species has two recruitment seasons, one major season from October to December and another minor season in August. The length structured Virtual population analysis revealed heavy fishing pressure on the length group 24 to 28 cm and hence the delegoa threadfin bream was not found to suffer due to recruitment overfishing in Wadge Bank. Estimated total stock, Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) and annual catch were 5625.9348 tonnes, 1935.321t, 2419.152t respectively. Present level of Exploitation rate (U) and Exploitation ratio (F/Z) were estimated to be 0.43 and 0.57 respectively. The study infers the cod end mesh size of the trawls operated at Wadge Bank coast has to be increase from 10 to 25 mm to increase the yield per recruit, the effort could also be maintained as the exploitation ratio of 0.50 to have maximum yield per recruit. The study suggests reducing the present level of effort by 8 percent may be needed to sustain the stock of N. bipunctatus in Wadge Bank, South Indi
Effect of sericin treatment conditions on dye abilty of cotton fabric
Get PDFA study was conducted to observe the effect of sericin treatment on dye abilty of cotton fabric using natural dye. Different parameters for sericin treatment were optimized on the basis of maximum percent dye absorption and washing fastness. It was found that 0.5 % (w/v) sericin in the presence of 4% crosslinking agent and 1 % catalyst treated at 70ºC for 45 minutes followed by drying at 70ºC for 4 minutes and curing at 160ºC for 2 minutes increased affinity of selected natural dye i.e. manjistha towards cotton fabric. Dye uptake of sericin treated fabric increased from 19.5 % to 31.7 % after application of sericin using all the optimized variable
Study on the Fecundity and Gonado somatic index of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) of southern coast of Maharashtra, India
Get PDFInvestigation of fecundity and gonado somatic index (GSI) of Rastrelliger kanagurta were carried out from March 2011 to February 2012. Fecundity was determined at different length, weight and ovary ranges of different individual fishes. Study revealed that at 5% significant level significant average absolute fecundity was found to be 1,08,266 and relative fecundity ranged from 407 to 1499. The number of ova generally increased with increase in length and weight. However, variations in fecundity with respect to length and weight were also noticed. The gonado-somatic index (GSI) was calculated for each individual fish (592 numbers) and was averaged for each month. The average GSI values were plotted against each month to analysed monthly variations. GSI showed wide variations between sex and it was highest for both males and females during the month of April and September, showing occurrence of more ripe individuals. Analysis of regression showed that there were significant relationship between the fecundity with the fish length, body weight and ovary weight
Toxic affects of chromium on some quality parameters of Sorghum bicolor (L.)
Get PDFA pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of varying Cr (VI) levels [0.0–4.0 mg Cr (VI) kg-1 soil in the form of potassium dichromate] on the some quality parameters of sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.). Quality parameters was measured in terms of protein content, chlorophyll content, and IVDMD ( In vitro dry matter digestibility) content at different growth stages, i.e. 35 DAS, 70 DAS and 90 DAS (Days after sowing) that were adversely affected with an increase in Cr (VI) levels from 0.0 to 4.0 mg Cr (VI) kg-1 soil. The decline in protein content 4.67 g/ kg dry weight at T4 was observed as compared to control (T1) ( 8.96 g/kg dry weight basis) at 35 DAS in leaves , Total chlorophyll content declined from 3.25 mg g-1 fresh weight (T1) to 2.40 mg g-1 fresh weight (T4) at 35 DAS and IVDMD content declined from 43.60 to 33.60 per cent dry weight basis with increment in chromium concentration. It is concluded that Cr (VI) at higher doses (4.0 mg Cr (VI) kg-1 soil) adversly affects the quality parameters of Forage sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) however, quality parameters are responsible for nutritive value of sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.)
Influence of varied crop residues and green biomass composts to rabi sorghum growing soils on uptake of major nutrients, microbial biomass and soil fertility status
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted on vertisols (pH of 7.56 with organic carbon content of 0.55%) at Re- search Institute on Organic Farming, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur coming under northern Karnataka during rabi season of 2015-16 to study the Influence of varied crop residues and green biomass composts to rabi sorghum growing soils on uptake of major nutrients, organic carbon and soil fertility status. In general application of Cotton stalks, Redgram stalks, Glyricidia, combination of cotton and redgram stalks composts, FYM and combina- tion of organic and inorganic fertilizers helped to buildup soil nutrients with respect to organic carbon, available nitro- gen and phosphorus. Significantly higher nitrogen (227.3 kg ha-1), phosphorous (75.7 kg ha-1) and potassium (141.7 kg ha-1) uptake by rabi sorghum was recorded with combined application of recommended FYM (3 t ha-1) and NP fertilizers (50:25 kg N, P2O5 ha-1) (T14) followed by Cotton stalks +Redgram stalks + Glyricidia sp. with C:N ratio of 30:1 compost @ 50 kg N equivalent (T12: 222.0, 74.0 and 132.3 kg ha-1). The least uptake was recorded with abso- lute control (T15: 127.0, 42.0 and 71.7 kg ha-1). Similar trend was observed with organic carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus. Combined application of recommended FYM (3 t ha-1) and NP fertilizers (50:25 kg N, P2O5 ha-1) followed by Cotton stalks +Redgram stalks + Glyricidia sp. with C:N ratio of 30:1 compost @ 50 kg N equivalent at the time of sowing recorded higher major nutrients uptake, microbial biomass and soil fertility status
Evaluation of biofortified spring wheat genotypes for yield and micronutrients
Get PDFAdvanced wheat genotypes were tested for agronomic as well as grain iron and zinc content traits. The analysis of variance indicated variation for all traits except iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). The grain Fe content ranged from 39-58 mg/kg whereas grain Zn ranged from 32-47 mg/kg among the tested lines. A significant positive correlation (0.45) was observed between grain Fe and Zn content. There was no association between yield and grain Fe and Zn content indicating that improvement in these micronutrients will not have any undesirable affect on yield. The data was further analysed for principal component analysis and genotype by trait association. The first five principal components viz., PC1 (0.3149), PC2 (0.2198), PC3 (0.1461), PC4 (0.10) and PC5 (0.0923) accounted for 0.87 of the total variation. The major traits contributing to the PC1 are days to heading, days to maturity, grain iron content and yield. The cluster analysis revealed significant variation among the tested germplasm thus providing opportunities for increasing the micronutrient content along with yield through hybridization with high micronutrient content lines
Effect of various levels of nitrogen on quantitative and qualitative parameters of Rose var. “Top Secret” under poly house condition
Get PDFStudy was conducted to find out the effect of various levels (100, 150, 200, 250,300 mg/plant/week) of nitrogen on growth parameters in terms of qualitative and quantitative traits of rose var. Top Secret. Plant growth in general increased with increase in nitrogen levels. Among various levels of nitrogen application, 300 mg nitrogen per plant per week significantly increased all vegetative growth parameters and showed maximum plant height (117.45 cm), leaf area (98.91 cm2 ) and a number of leaves (62.50). Further, flowering parameters like stalk length (83.53cm), bud diameter (2.45cm), bud length (2.55 cm), number of flowers per plant (7.30) as well as per square meter (53.05) were also significantly maximum in plants given nitrogen @ 300 mg per plant per week. Leaf N (2.94 %), P (0.19%), K (1.87%) and chlorophyll content in leaves (4.41mg/g) was also higher with 300 mg N per plant per week. Vase life (10 days) and anthocyanin content in petal tissue (2.09 mg/g) were found the maximum in plants given nitrogen @ 250 mg per plant per week, which was at par with the treatment of nitrogen @ 300 mg per plant per week. Nitrogen should be applied at the rate of 300 mg/plant/week under protected cultivation as the optimum dose for good plant growth and qualitative flower production in rose var. Top Secret under protected cultivation
Induction of laccase in fungus, Cyathus stercoreus using some aromatic inducers
Get PDFTo improve the feed quality removal of lignin from plant biomass is essential. To improve the activity of laccase of white rot fungi, aromatic inducers are used. In this study three inducers [Resorcinol (5mM and 10mM), Xylidine and Anisaldehyde] to induce the production of laccase enzyme in the culture of fungus: Cyathus stercoreus. Resorcinol (10mM) was found to be the best inducer among the rest. The enzyme activity was observed highest on the 8th day of induction (226.7U/ml). Protein content was also increased with the age of the culture. 80% ammonium sulphate was suitable for precipitating the laccase enzyme for culture filtrate. The laccase production can be enhanced with inducers and can be further used for the removal of lignin from the plant biomass
Evaluation of thermotolerant rhizobacteria for multiple plant growth promoting traits from pigeonpea rhizosphere
Get PDFIn pigeonpea due to the prevailing high temperature, poor nodulation have usually been observed as a limiting factor in its productivity. Plant growth promoting traits of 5 pigeonpea rhizobacterial isolates out of 32, selected on the basis of maximum growth at 30, 40 and 50°C, were evaluated for their potential application in enhancing symbiosis and plant growth of pigeonpea. The level of IAA at 30, 40 and 50°C varied from 0.95-20.96 ?g/ml, 1.21- 34.82 ?g/ml and 0.16-17.34 ?g/ml in the presence of tryptophan respectively. Maximum flavonoid production and siderophore production was recorded bacterial isolates with S12p6 (6.68 ?g/ml) at 30°C and S1p1 (4.2 cm) at 40°C respectively. Isolates S1p1 and S12p6 showed relatively superior production of growth hormone, flavonoid-like compounds and siderophores can further be tested as co-inoculant with recommended Rhizobium for studying their efficacy under field conditions for symbiotic parameters and growth of pigeonpea
Predication of soil pH using HSI colour image processing and regression over Guwahati, Assam, India
Get PDFSoil is known to be the most valuable natural source for all agriculture fields. Soil has two properties, namely- physical and chemical. These properties include soil moisture, texture, etc. and the latter include pH value. Soil texture plays an important role in crop cultivation. The physical properties of soil such as texture and granular size determine the water and nutrient holding capacity. Also the chemical property like pH value is very important for plant growth and development. Soil having pH value between 5.5 and 7 is optimal for agricultural purpose. Hence, a detailed study of soil pH property is necessary for cultivation. But laboratory method of soil pH calculation is a very costly and tedious process. Therefore, it is essential to develop an expert-based system that will overcome this issue. However, the system must be able to give correct result and should match with those conducted in laboratory. Farmers analyze pH either in lab or by soil pH card based on soil image color. But this is not an effective method since it relies heavily on human perception. Hence, we have developed an expert based system which can determine the pH of the soil without any human error. For this, we have conducted our experiments with the help of MatLab tool and smart phone as we have concerned about the rural farmers. We have analyzed and compared the proposed system results with the traditional laboratory methods with regression and have found 86 % accuracy in our model