Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Assessment of genetic variability and character association for grain yield and its component traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Get PDFA study was conducted for estimating genetic variability and characters association for eleven yield components using 169 genotypes (13 parents, 78 F1 and 78 F2) of bread wheat through half-diallel mating design during rabi season 2012-13 and 2013-14. The genetic variability, heritability in broad sense, genetic advance, correlation coefficients and path analysis were carried out for the assessment of genotypes through eleven yield component traits namely; days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, spike length, number of effective tillers per plant, number of grains per spikelet, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield per plant, harvest index and grain yield per plant. Analysis of variance showed significant differences (at1% level of significance) for all the traits under study in both the generations (F1 and F2). The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were high for plant height followed by number of effective tillers per plant, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant, while high heritability coupled with high genetic advance were recorded for plant height and spike length in both F1 and F2 generations, respectively. Grain yield per plant was positively and significantly associated with a number of effective tillers per plant, spike length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield per plant and harvest index while significantly but negatively associated with plant height. Path analysis revealed that the traits namely biological yield per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, number of grains per spike, plant height and harvest index exhibited positive direct effects on grain yield at both phenotypic and genotypic level in both generation (F1 and F2). These results, thereby suggests that yield improvement in breads wheats could be possible by emphasizing these traits while making selections in early generations
AAUOKHYB -1 : An excellent Okra hybrid developed by Assam Agricultural University (AAU) suitable for diverse agro-climatic situation of North East India
Get PDFA hybrid development programme on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) was undertaken at the Assam Agricultural University (AAU), Jorhat. The work included collection and evaluation of okra germplasm, identification of parents for hybridization, selfing of identified parental lines, making crosses and production of hybrid seeds, testing of hybrids for yield and resistance to Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) disease, adaptability under diverse agro-climatic condition and testing in all India trials. The programme resulted in development and identification of excellent Okra hybrid AAUOKHYB-1 in 2017. The performance of the hybrid was very good under diverse agro-climatic conditions yielding about 162.0 q/ha fruit yield which is 32.5% higher than the best commercial check Arka Anamika. The hybrid showed resistant (R) reaction to YVMV disease. A wide range of heterosis upto 43% was exhibited by the hybrid in different vegetable research centers of the country as compared to the best check variety
Treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent using low cost adsorbents: An overview
Get PDFIn the present review, the suitability of adsorption process using low cost adsorbent for the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent has been discussed. It is clear that adsorption processes are appropriate for the removal of recalcitrant compounds such as surfactants and pesticides, among others biodegradable or non-biodegradable compound present in pulp and paper mills effluents. The importance of the adsorption is to improvement of the removal of various physico- chemical (biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, suspended solids, lignin), heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Fe, Zn, Ni and Mn etc) organochlorine compounds, all recalcitrant pollutant, reduce toxicity, enhance colour removal by using different cost effective adsorbents. The effective use of the different adsorbents developed from different adsorbent media such as activated carbon, agriculture by product and industrial wastes and sludge as adsorbents for the removal of different pollutants from the various processes and operations of pulp and paper mill as potential alternatives to different treatment process and received widespread attention. Adsorption necessity is a novel treatment option to improve the efficiency of removal within the discharge limits of wastewaters into the receiving bodies without causing any damage of the environment. However, still there is a need to find out the practical usefulness of such low cost adsorbent at industrial scale with the special reference to metals
Prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders among women tea factory workers of Nilgiri: An ergonomic study
Get PDFThis research study is about the prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders among women tea factory workers of Nilgiri. The purposive random sampling method was used to select the respondents. The work related to musculoskeletal disorders or discomfort and the pain experienced by the workers were determined by using Standardized Nordic Questionnaire Work related activities taken as independent variable; pain and discomforts taken as dependent variable. Work related pain/ discomfort was reported in 12-month, last month and prevalence in 7 days during May 2015 to April 2016. Workers reported that musculoskeletal pain for the 12 months according to body parts especially on the neck (80%), shoulders (60%), lower back (87.5 %), hips (80%), knees (72.5%) and wrists (25%) due to their daily activities in the factories which were lifting, lifting above the shoulder level, lifting with one shoulder, pushing, pulling loads more than 25 kgs. By implementing ergonomic interventions like improved work organization with job rotations and ample rest during work of the tea factory workers will reduce their musculoskeletal disorders symptoms and pain
Intact parasite-antigen ELISA test: a new dimension for serodiagnosis of Amoebiasis
Get PDFAn Intact Parasite Antigen ELISA (IPA-ELISA) has been developed for detection of circulating antibodies against Entamoeba. histolytica. Axenically grown trophozoites of E.histolytica (NIH-200) after glutaraldehyde treatment, are used as Intact Parasite Antigen (IPA) as well biological active and imperishable base. Antigen over the surface of treated cells were allowed to interact with the antibody molecules of the test sera. The techniques of Plate, Dot-and IPA-ELISA are compared of their merits for clinical and epidemiological survey of amoebiasis. IPA-ELISA was found to be more sensitive (96.8%) and specific (92.3%) in detecting circulating antibodies compared to Plate-ELISA (sensitivity 90.5%, specificity 84.6%) and Do-ELISA (sensitivity 92.1%, specificity 86.1%). The entire IPA-ELISA test could be completed within 3 hours. Costwise IPA-ELISA is several times lesser than Dot-and Plate-ELISA. This test is most suitable for field and clinical trials for suspected cases of amoebiasis with no skilled hand required for diagnosis
Effect of nickel uptake on selected growth parameters of Amaranthus viridis L.
Get PDFNickel is an essential element for normal physiological functions in plants. At higher doses (>50 mg/kg, as per WHO) it is toxic to plants and humans, which can bring about oxidative stress affecting the physiological functions of plants and is also considered carcinogenic to human beings. To manage nickel pollution in environment, proper chemical or phytoremediation techniques are required. In this regard nickel accumulator plants would offer a cost effective and environmental friendly phytoremediation method. In the present study, the nickel phyto-accumulation potential of Amaranthus viridis from soil was evaluated to check the tolerance level and the impact on selected morphological parameters like total biomass, plant height, root length and number of leaves. Nickel uptake by A. viridis was studied from Ni contaminated soil amended with20, 40, 60, 80 mg/Kg of Ni exposure under controlled conditions. Toxic effects and tolerance of the plant to toxic doses of nickel was evaluated by correlating the uptake per gram of biomass with various parameters of plant like its height, biomass, root length and, number of leaves. Supply dependent maximum nickel uptake of 108 µg/gm and corresponding decrease in growth parameters were recorded up to 60 mg/Kg exposure. This study indicates the uptake of nickel by A. viridis increases with increase in supply up to 60mg/kg and beyond 60 mg/kg, the uptake decreases. The study also shows uptake of nickel per gram of biomass has a significant negative correlation mainly with parameters like plant height (R= -0.71 at 0.05 level of significance) and total biomass (R = -0.83 at 0.05 level of significance) where as other parameters like length of root and number of leavers are not significantly affected (P>0.05) with uptake of nickel per gram of biomass
Evaluation of Kostiakov’s and Philip’s infiltration models on the soil of Dediapada, India
Get PDFInfiltration models are used in designing and optimizing irrigation projects as they are capable of predicting infiltration rate and accumulated infiltration depth to a reasonable level of accuracy. The objective of this study deals with obtaining the parameters of infiltration models like Kostiakov and Philip, applying these models to the soil of Dediapada and evaluating their performance by comparing it with the observed infiltration. Firstly, the accumulated infiltration and infiltration rates were determined by the field measurement using a double ring infiltrometer. Kostiakov’s and Philip’s infiltration models were then applied to obtain simulated data once its parameters were ascertained. The estimated parameters ‘m’ and ‘n’ for the Kostiakov model were 0.1311 and -0.3092 respectively and the corresponding equations obtained for estimating infiltration rate and accumulated infiltration depth were 0.13t-0.30 and 0.19t0.69. The estimated parameters ‘s’ and ‘k’ for the Philip model were 0.32 and 0.014 respectively and the corresponding equations obtained for estimating infiltration rate and accumulated infiltration depth were 0.16t-0.5+0.014 and 0.32t0.5+0.014t. The coefficient of determination values for evaluating the performance of the model were obtained in excess of 0.95 for both the models. Due to lack of research on the application of infiltration models on the clay loam soil of Dediapada, this study would prove to be useful for estimation of infiltration rate and depth
Morphological features of adults and nymphal instars of Coloceros species (Phthiraptera: Insecta) recovered from Collared-dove Streptopelia decaocto
Get PDFThe present report furnishes information on the morphological features of specimens of Coloceros species collected from Collared-dove Streptopelia decaocto in district Rampur. Three nymphal instars of Coloceros sp. can be differentiated by the number of setae present on the postero-lateral angles of pterothorax and abdominal segment six to ninth in addition to nature of sclerotization and abdominal segmentation
A comparative evaluation of bioagents and chemicals for the control of stalk rot of Sorghum caused by Dickeya dadantii
Get PDFStalk rot sorghum caused by Dickeya dadantii (syn. Erwinia chrysanthemi) is a devastating sorghum disease and is highly detrimental to sorghum cultivation in tarai region of India. The bacterium disrupts and disintegrates vascular bundles of sorghum stem manifesting slimy soft rot symptom. In vitro studies on bioagents and chemicals revealed that among bioagents assessed Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Psf-173 and Trichoderma harzianum strain Th-14 surpassed the other biological control agents whereas among chemicals, oxytetracycline and tetracycline were outstanding than other chemicals and their combination products used for the control of stalk rot of Sorghum caused by D. dadantii. Field trial with pre-plant soil application had maximum reduction in disease severity in treatment with antibiotic oxytetracycline (28.18%) whereas trial with pre-plant soil application with one (34.49%) and two foliar spray (37.03%) showed maximum reduction in disease severity in treatment with P. fluorescens strain Psf-173. All the three field trials involving pre-plant soil application, pre-plant soil application and one foliar spray and trial with pre-plant soil application and two foliar spray revealed that biological control agent P. fluorescens strain Psf-173 alleviates symptom of stalk rot of sorghum and stimulates seed germination and plant growth
Production of alkaline protease from Aspergillus oryzae isolated from seashore of Bay of Bengal
Get PDFAspergillus oryzae isolatedon Potato dextrose agar from soil samples of kottakoduru seashore of Bay of Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, India seashore of Bay of Bengal by spread plate method and was screened for alkaline protease production on Skim milk containing agar plates and identified by clear zones of protein hydrolysis around colonies. Different physical and chemical parameters such as pH, temperature, substrate concentration and incubation time were optimized for the better production of alkaline protease. The maximum protease activity was found at pH of 8 containing 10% wheat bran at 300C, after 72 hours of fermentation.ZnSO4was effective activator for protease activity and sodium dsulphate had shownmore than 50% inhibition of enzyme activity. Among the different oil cakes used for the production of enzyme the Sesame oil cake proved to be suitable substrate after wheat bran for the production of protease by Aspergillus oryzae