Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Parametric vis-a-vis non parametric measures describing G x E interactions for salt salinity tolerant barley genotypes in multi-environment trials
Get PDFGxE interaction to know adaptability of 19 salt salinity tolerant barley genotypes was studied by parametric and non-parametric measures. Genotypes KB1516, RD2907 and RD2794 showed minimum environmental variance over different environments. Superiority index identified genotypes RD2907 and NDB1445 with lowest value accompanied with higher. Wricke’s measure exhibited lower values of DWRB168, DWRB165 and NDB1445. Higher values of GAI showed consistent performance of RD2907, NDB1445 and RD2552. Non-parametric measures Si(1), Si(3) and Si(6) the considered DWRB165 and DWRB168 as desirable genotypes. Thennarasu’s first measure NPi(1) found DWRB168 and NDB1445 as desirable adaptable and KB1546, RD2907 and NDB1173 were unstable genotypes. Wricke’s parameter was positively correlated with NPi(1), NPi(3) and Kang. GAI had significant positive with Pi and Kang while negative with Si(6), NPi(2) & NPi(4). Worth to mention the negative association of Pi with Si(6), NPi(2), NPi(4). Non parametric measures Si (3) Si (6) NPi (2) & NPi (4) clubbed together while Kang, Wi 2, s2i ,Si (1),Si (2) ,NPi (1) & NPi (3) joined in another cluster. Left over parametric measures were grouped in two separate clusters i.e. (bi, S2xi ,CVi),(Yield, GAI Pi) respectively. Biplot analysis based on first two principal components showed three groups among the measures
Isolation of newer probiotic microorganisms from unconventional sources
Get PDFProbiotics are live microbes in the form of dried or fermented cells that are highly beneficial for human health. The food industry has been revolutionised due to introduction of potential probiotic organisms in a varied formulations derived from mostly dairy products. Isolation of probiotic microbes from unexplored non-dairy sources is gaining attention these days. In the present study, six potential probiotic isolates from non-dairy sources were obtained that are also biocompatible with each other. Out of these, five isolates were gram positive rod shaped and one was gram negative rod shaped. These isolates were able to grow in presence of lysozyme, low pH and bile salts with good adherence ability. The market for probiotic microorganisms from unconventional products is accelerating to deal with lactose intolerant people. These probiotic attribute studies revealed their potential to be exploited at industrial scale
Isolation, identification and molecular characterization of Ralstonia solanacerum isolates collected from Southern Karnataka
Get PDFBacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is the major threat to tomato cultivation in all tomato growing areas of Karnataka. R. solanacearum was isolated from the infected host plants collected from different locations of southern Karnataka. The identity of the isolates was established using morphological, biochemical, and molecular analysis using species specific PCR primers. The race and biovar specificity of pathogen was determined through pathogenicity test on different host plants and the ability of isolates to use carbohydrates, respectively. Phylotype classification was done by phylotype specific multiplex PCR using phylotype specific primers. All the bacterial isolates showed the characteristic creamy white fluidal growth with pink centre on the Tetrazolium chloride medium. Further, the isolates amplified at 280 bp, which confirmed the identity of pathogen as Ralstonia solanacearum. Our results showed that all isolates belonged to Race 1 of the pathogen. Among different isolates obtained, four isolates each were identified to be Biovar III and Biovar IIIA, repectively, while two isolates were identified as Biovar IIIB. All the ten isolates were affiliated to Phylotype I of Ralstonia solanaceraum species complex. These findings may help in devising the management practices for bacterial wilt of tomato in southern Karnataka
Eco-dyeing of wool yarn with Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Ber) and its colour fastness properties
Get PDFIn search of eco-friendly processes for dyeing with natural dyes research has been focused on identification and standardization of natural dyes. Considering the growing importance of natural colourants all over the world, the present work was undertaken with on aim to study the colour fastness properties of wool yarn dyed with bark of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (ber). The dyed wool samples had good to excellent colour fastness to washing, crocking perspiration and sunlight. Different shades of brown colour of rust, candy pink, biscuit brown, nut brown and light brown were obtained using different mordants. This type of eco-dyeing process may be helpful in increasing the variety of colours in the field of textiles
Effect of nutrient levels and nutrient schedules on physiological parameters and grain yield of upland rice intercropped in coconut garden
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted at Coconut Research Station, Balaramapuram with an objective to study the effect of nutrient levels and nutrient schedules on physiological parameters and grain yield of upland rice (MO 21- Prathyasa rice variety) intercropped in coconut. Field experiment was conducted in factorial randomized block design with nutrient levels as first factor and nutrient schedules as second factor in three replications. Nutrient levels had significant effect on the physiological parameters. Among the nutrient levels rested, NPK applied @ 120:30:60 recorded higher total chlorophyll (2.803 mg g-1) and chlorophyll b content (1.508 mg g-1), crop growth rate (CGR) (11.23 g m-2 day-1) and relative growth rate (RGR) (0.056 g g-1 day-1) as compared to lower nutrient level tested, NPK @ 60:30:30 kg ha-1. Nutrient schedules also had significant effect (P=0.05) on the physiological parameters viz., total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, CGR and RGR and the treatment receiving 0.2 per cent zinc sulphate and 0.04 per cent sodium borate spray at 45 DAS recorded higher chlorophyll content, RGR and CGR. Though the higher nutrient level, NPK @ 120:30:45 kg ha-1 recorded higher values for physiological parameters, it recorded the lowest grain yield. Application of NPK @ 90:30:45 kg ha-1 recorded the highest grain yield and it was followed by NPK applied @ 70:30:35 kg ha-1. Among the nutrient schedules, N applied as three equal splits, P as basal and K in two equal splits along with foliar spray of zinc sulphate 0.2 per cent and sodium borate 0.04 per cent at 45 DAS recorded the highest grain yield (3.25 t ha-1). The study clearly revealed that excessive vegetative growth is not a desirable parameter for higher grain yield
Seasonal biochemical changes in three species of liverwort Plagiochasma of Mandi (Himachal Pradesh), India
Get PDFThalli of three species of Plagiochasma, collected during different seasons from their natural habitats of Mandi region of Himachal Pradesh were evaluated for some biochemical parameters viz. total water soluble carbohydrates, proteins, free amino acids, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and the activities of amylases, invertase and protease. Highly significantly contents of carbohydrates (70.83±2.54 mg/g fw in P. appendiculatum, 21.26± 0.09 mg/g fw in P. articulatum and 52.75±2.95 mg/g fw in P. intermedium) and of chlorophyll (0.76±0.005 mg/g fw in P. appendiculatum, 0.69±0.005 mg/g fw in P. articulatum and 1.2±0.006 mg/g fw in P. intermedium ) were observed towards the end of the growing season (January-March period of collection), whereas the content of protein (23.46±0.14 mg/g fw in P. appendiculatum, 23.33±0.71 mg/g fw in P. articulatum and 22.99±0.27 mg/g fw in P. intermedium) was maximum during winter (October-December) and that of free amino acids (37.48±1.05 mg/g fw in P. appendiculatum, 70.9±0.91 mg/g fw in P. articulatum and 25.13±0.31 mg/g fw in P. intermedium) in the rainy season (July-September). On the other hand, the activities of enzymes that breakdown the carbohydrates into simple sugars were recorded least towards the end of the favourable period of their growth. The activity of protease was maximum in the rainy season (July-September) and minimum in the winter season (October-December). This study concluded that the seasonal changes in Plagiochasma induced alterations in the biochemical compounds and in the activities of related enzymes that may be responsible for the adaptation of these plants in their natural habitats. 
Effect on soil health of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) cultivation with Integrated Nutrient Management
Get PDFBrassica oleracea var. botrytis L. (Cauliflower) is an important commercial vegetable crop grown all over the world. In order to meet the growing demand of burgeoning population, large amounts of herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers are being applied to the fields every year to achieve maximum production leading to deleterious environmental effects.The present investigation ‘Integrated nutrient management in cauliflower was undertaken at the Instructional Farm of Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Latur during the Rabi season. The experiment laid out in Randomized Block Design (R.B.D.) with fourteen treatments replicated thrice. The treatment comprises with RDF (120:80:40 NPK kg/ha.), FYM (10 t/ha), Azotobacter and Azospirillum (10 kg/ha). The variety Snowball – 16 was selected for the study. The data regarding soil analysis after harvesting, the maximum available nitrogen (265.66 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (23.26 kg ha-1) and available potassium (415.33 kg ha-1) were recorded in highest dose of INM i.e. 100 % RDF + FYM + Azotobacter + Azospirillum(T2) and is was statistically at par with T6 and T8. The maximum organic carbon (0.93 per cent) was recorded in the treatment 75 % RDF + FYM + Azotobacter + Azospirillum(T6). There were no significant differences of INM treatments observed on soil pH and electrical conductivity. This result suggested that 25% chemical fertilizers can be reduced without any compromise on fertility status of the soil for cauliflower crop production in sub-tropical condition
Effect of dietary intake on serum calcium levels and bone mineral density of menopausal women of Ludhiana city, India
Get PDFSixty women of 45-55 years, belonging to middle income group were selected on basis of their Bone Mineral Density (BMD) from a – “Clinic After Forty” of Ludhiana city, Punjab. Serum calcium and BMD were tested using techniques called o-Cresolphthalein complexone (oCPC) method and Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) respectively. Subjects were given nutrition counseling (NC) twice a month for a period of 4 months. Assessment of nutritional status was done by dietary survey and anthropometric parameters before and after study. Dietary survey revealed that daily intake of milk and milk products (p<0.05), roots and tubers (p<0.01), green leafy vegetables (GLVs) (p<0.01), other vegetables and fruits (p<0.01) increased significantly whereas intake of sugar and jaggery and fats and oils (p<0.01) decreased significantly after NC. Intake of beta carotene, vitamin C, iron, calcium and phosphorus also increased significantly. Mean weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) waist-circumference, hip circumference and WHR decreased significantly after NC. Biochemical assessment revealed significant improvement in serum calcium levels and BMD from 7.82mg/dl to 8.99mg/dl (p<0.01) and -2.2 to -2.01 (p<0.01) respectively. Subjects were classified as osteopenic and osteoporotic on basis of their t-scores. Majority of the subjects were osteopenic and the rest were osteoporotic. But after NC %age of osteopenic subjects increased while %age of osteoporotic subjects decreased. Study emphasized the importance of NC to bring about positive changes in dietary intake of menopausal women which in turn improved their serum calcium levels and BMD. Hence NC can be taken as an effective and sustainable tool to tackle osteoporosis as it is a serious public health issue among Indian menopausal women
Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from some medicinal plants of Biligirirangana hill, India
Get PDFTwenty fungal endophytes were isolated from different medicinal plants of Biligirirangana Hill, Chamarajanagar dist. Phytochemical analysis of ethyl acetate extract showed positive results for tanins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins and alkaloids except saponin and flavonoid tests. The crude extracts of the fungal endophytes were tested against two gram positive and two gramnegetive bacteria for its antibacterial activity. The highest zone of inhibition was produced by Fusarium sps (AB9)35mm. All the crude extracts were found to be effective against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus rather in Pseudomonas aerogenosa. Among them the highest inhibition zone was produced in Penicillium sp (AB11) 24mm, Cladosporium sp(AB3) 21mm, and Aspergillus sp(AB12) 30mm. Therefore, endophytic fungi can be a good source to inhibit the growth of harmful pathogens.
 
Renewable energy generating employment specially in Indian agriculture
Get PDFThe present review explains that renewable energy generates opportunity in field of agriculture. The renewable energy is solar energy, wind energy, water energy and biogas energy. This energy generates employment of manufacturing, design, construction, installation, operation, maintainance, supply chain, multitasking, research, development and administration. The solar industry employs 21,000 people in 2016-17 and 25,000 people in 2017-18. The solar manufacturing industries and solar products will produce various opportunities by 2022 in India. The wind energy provides 4,40,000 employments into onshore and offshore grid system in 2008. The wind mill industry will create 74,000 employments by 2020 in India. The water energy provides employment into hydro electric power station, manufacturing industry and others area. Biogas energy utilizes into motor vehicle as fuel. It saves petrol worth about 0.66 million per annum and also generate employment for 12 persons. The Biogas industry will set up 19 districts of the Maharashtra state to employment generation by 2020. Renewable energy protects the earth planet. It provides employment to rural as well as urban areas. It will improve standard of living and per capita income of people. It will introduce employment to poor and literate persons. It would advocate gender uniformity and doubling of farmer income. It will improve and strengthens Gross Domestic Product and Agriculture shares in India. This energy would encourage huge transition into future era in India