Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Induced breeding and larval rearing of Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton, 1822) under the agro-climatic conditions of Meghalaya, India
Get PDFMonopterus cuchia is a fresh water eel widely distributed in Nepal, Myanmar, Pakistan but predominantly available in Bangladesh and North East Region of India. The population of the species has been declined in its natural habitat to a great extend due to various environmental and anthropogenic factors. So far no report was available regarding artificial propagation of the species M. cuchia, especially from India. Hence it is necessary to develop an induced breeding protocol by standardized doses of synthetic hormone for artificial propagation of the fish.Thus, an experiment was set up for induced breeding of the species using synthetic hormone, Gonopro-FH. After hormonal administration (Gonopro-FH), brooders were released into specially prepared ponds and spawning was natural and spontaneous. During the period of analysis, fecundity of M. cuchia was calculated as 924 eggs (length= 78cm, weight= 344 gms). Induced breeding was successful using Gonopro-FH and the final dosage was 1ml/kg body weight to the female along with 0.3ml/kg body weight to the male. Final fertilization percentage was 75-80% and hatching percentage was 80-85%
Diversity and status of migratory and resident wetland birds in Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
Get PDFMigration is the seasonal habitual movement, exhibited by many avian species along a flyway from breeding to wintering grounds and vice versa all over the world. Migratory birds are very sensitive to even small changes in water level which may be affected by flood or drought on their breeding and wintering grounds. High rains during monsoon season can cause flood conditions in the lower hills and Gangetic plains including Haridwar district. In our study, conducted during last ten years (2009-2018), we covered Bheemgoda Barrage and Missarpur Ganga Ghat of Haridwar, Uttarakhand, where 46 species of Migratory (M) and Resident Migratory (RM) wetland birds were observed. Bird survey indicated that there was a significant increase (p = 0.064, t-test) in the population of certain species such as Bhraminy Shelduck (67%), Black Headed Gull (31%), Gadwall (7%), Northern Pintail (59%), Red Crested Pochard (10%) and Tufted Pochard (47%) in Missarpur Ganga Ghat as compared to Bheemgoda Barrage (based on the average abundance of the species observed during study period). It may be pointed out that after flood and loss of vegetated island, there was significant decrease (p= 0.023, t-test) in the population of species such as Black necked stork (76%), Great crested grebe (56), Pallas gull (47%) at Bheemgoda barrage, while some species such as Bar headed goose, Common pochard did not arrive in Bheemgoda barrage after the flood. The study would help to understand the effect of climatic change on water birds species distribution in natural and man-made wetlands
Exploration of multitrait antagonistic microbes against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici
Get PDFFusarium wilt is one of the major diseases of tomato causing extensive loss of production. Exploration of agriculturally important microbes (AIMs) for management of the tomato wilt is an ecofriendly and cost effective approach. In the present study, a total 30 Trichoderma and 30 bacterial isolates were screened in the laboratory for their biocontrol activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL). Out of all the isolates tested, Trichoderma asperellum BHU P-1 and Ochrobactrum sp. BHU PB-1 were found to show maximum inhibition of FOL in dual culture assay. Both the microbes also exhibited plant growth promoting activities such as phosphate solubilisation, production of siderophore, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), indole acetic acid (IAA) and protease activity. These microbes could be evaluated further in greenhouse and field studies for their potential use in management of Fusarium wilt of tomato
Effective framework for Environmental-flows estimation for data deficient Indian rivers
Get PDFData deficiency is a major problem in recommending appropriate environmental flows (e-flows) requirements for rivers in many parts of the world. Several studies have been done using a variety of e-flows assessment methodologies. Large dams and hydropower projects are major manipulators of the flow regimes resulting in degraded ecosystems ubiquitously. In India attempts have been made to develop e-flows requirements of rivers to maintain a good riverine ecosystem. Most of the studies are based on hydrological methods, which do not take all the variables affecting flow-regimes into consideration. This paper highlights the problems in assessment of e-flows and their on-ground implications in India. In this study, probable solutions to these problems are suggested a conceptual framework for data deficient areas is proposed. This framework is based upon extensive baseline surveys of fluvial morphology, ecology and of indigenous population. Framework has six steps namely: monitoring the baseline conditions, setting up objectives, hydrological analysis, ecological analysis, climatic anomalies incorporation and recommendations. Finally, e-flows recommendations are made based on hydrological studies, habitat suitability curves and area of inland water body which should be maintained in the river basin. All these recommendations are compared and suitable e-flows recommendations are made based on studied variables. The review also suggests for bottom-up approach for e-flows assessment i.e. e-flows assessment and application should be done on small tributaries of rivers in initial phase of projects and those methods which deliver satisfactory results should only be applied to larger rivers. 
GC-MS analysis of yellow pigmented Macrococcus equipercicus isolated from alfalfa rhizosphere soil fields of Coimbatore
Get PDFThe rhizosphere of plant possesses important microflora, which secretes wide chemical compounds including secondary metabolites necessary for plant growth and development. The microbial flora of alfalfa plant rhizosphere soil region was explored for functional activity and we found upto ten different pigmented colonies. Due to good functional diversity, this yellow pigmented colony was taken for further studies. Thus, the culture was molecularly characterized and identified for potent bioactive components responsible for antimicrobial activity. The selected culture mass was cultured and secondary metabolites were produced and extracted using ethyl acetate and subjected to GC-MS analysis. The antimicrobial study revealed selective activity against Streptococcus pneumonia, and Proteus sp with zone of inhibition to be 18 and 20 mm respectively. Molecular identification of the isolate by 16S rRNA sequencing showed the isolate as Macrococcus equipercicus with 100 % similarity. Based on GC-MS analysis report 25bioactive compounds were identified and 13-docosenamide, hexadecanoic acid esters and quercetin were found in ethyl acetate extract. Conclusion: Thus the yellow pigmented gram positive cocci M.equipercicus isolated from Medicago sativa possessed wide antibacterial activity due to presence of quercetin. Through the studies, we were able to identify potent antibacterial compound producing bacteria from M. sativa plant rhizosphere soil
Response of Bio-priming in okra for vegetable production
Get PDFThe field experiment was conducted at District Seed Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal in summer season of 2011 and 2012. Pre-sowing bio-priming was done with Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens with an un-primed control to assess the trend of okra varieties viz., Lalu, Arka Anamika, Ramya, Satsira, Lady Luck,Debpusa Jhar,Japani Jhar and Barsha Laxmi due to bio-priming of seeds towards vegetable production Significant variation among the varieties was noted for all the characters studied. Okra variety Lalu gave highest vegetable yield per plant in both years and it was statistically at par with Arka Anamika. Vegetable yield per plant was increased by 4.33 to 20.08% in first year and 3.68 to 19.60% in second year with T. viride as compared to P. fluorescens and un-primed control. Individual varieties indicated that vegetable yield per plant was maximum with Lalu when priming was made with both the bio-inoculants followed by Arka Anamika during both years. Hence, Lalu and Arka Anamika may be recommended for experimental region for higher yield and pre-sowing seed bio-priming may be recommended with both T.viride and P. fluorescens for enhanced vegetable yield of okra.  
Effect of crop residue management on soil organic carbon, soil organic matter and crop yield: An overview
Get PDFSoil is a very important factor of the plant growth and crop yield. But now a days, very small area of the soil can actually be fertile for agriculture, and if we manage improperly it can be depleted. So the big problem, how we manage and increase the fertility of soil. It has been reported that soil organic carbon and soil matter is the most important indicator of soil quality and soil health. It is also beneficial for agricultural sustainability. In this review, we summarized how crop residue management affects soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM), soil aggregation, effect of residue burning and crop productivity in different cropping system. Proper use of crop residue can increase or maintain the physical and chemical properties of SOM and improve the quality of soil. Manure or crop residue alone may not be adequate to maintain SOC levels. Knowledge and assessment of changes (positive or negative) in SOC and SOM with time is still needed to evaluate the impact of different management practices
Estimation of annual compound growth rates of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit in Haryana using Non linear model
Get PDFComputation of growth rates plays an important role in agricultural and economic research to study growth pattern of a various commodities. Many of the research workers used the parametric approach for computation of annual growth rate but not use the concept of non-linear model. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study growth rates of guava for three districts (Hisar, and Kurukshetra) and Haryana state as a whole using different non-linear models. The time series data on annual area and production of guava (Psidium guajava L.) in different districts of Haryana from 1990-91 to 2015-16 were collected to fit non linear models. Growth rates were computed through best fitted non-linear models. It was found that Logistic model could be best fit for computation of growth rates of area for guava fruit in Hisar and Kurukshetra district and Haryana state as a whole whereas Gompertz model was best fit for Yamunanagar district based on high R2 and least MSE and RMSE values. It was also observed that monomolecular model was best fit for production of guava fruits in Hisar and Yamunanagar district whereas Logistic model was best fit for production of guava fruit in Kurukshetra and Haryana state as a whole because of high R2 and least MSE and RMSE values. R and excel software have been used for fitting the non linear model and computation of growth rates for area and production of guava fruit for the year 1990-91 to 2015-16. None has been used the non linear model growth model for computation of annual growth rate of guava fruit for area and production of Haryana state. But in this work non linear growth model has been used for computation of growth rate instead of parametric approaches
Hepatoprotective efficacy of edible macrofungi Dacryopinax spathularia (Schwein) and Schizophyllum commune (Fries) against Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in albino Wistar rats
Get PDFIn the present study the hepatoprotective efficacy of two edible macrofungi Dacryopinax spathularia and Schizophyllum commune has been assessed against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in albino wistar rats. The administration of CCl4(1ml/Kg) resulted into significant (p<0.05) rise in the levels of liver function marker enzymes Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin and decrease in the levels of total protein and albumin in blood. On administration of low dose (250mg/Kg) and high dose (500mg/Kg) of both macrofungal extracts in different hepatotoxic group of rats, the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and bilirubin significantly (p<0.05) lowered down and the levels of total protein and albumin significantly (p<0.05) increased in comparison to the hepatotoxic group of rats, reflecting the hepatoprotective impact of both the extracts
Quantification of crop weather relationship and the effect of different planting dates on growth and yield of potato cultivars in a sub-tropical environment at Hisar
Get PDFField experiments were carried out at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCSHAU, Hisar during Rabi seasons of 2016-17 to quantify crop weather relationship and the effect of different planting dates on growth and yield of potato cultivars in a sub-tropical environment at Hisar. The experimental field was adjacent to Agro-meteorological observatory at 290 10\u27 N latitude, 750 46\u27 E longitude and altitude of 215.2 m. The main plots treatments consisted four date of sowing viz. D1- 8th Oct., D2-22th Oct., D3- 5th Nov. and D4- 23rd Nov. The sub-plots treatment consisted of three varieties (V1- Kufri Bahar, V2- Kufri Pushkar and V3- Kufri Surya). The forty eight treatment combinations were tested in split plot design with four replications. The results revealed that various growth and yield observations were recorded higher in second sown crop (22th Oct.) as followed by other planting dates. The maximum tuber yield were produced in D2 (20810.45 kg/ha) and it was least in D4 (14525.46 kg/ha). Among the varieties, Kufri Pushkar recorded highest tuber yield (21478.06 kg/ha) followed by Kufri Bahar (17432.26 kg/ha) and Kufri Surya (15378.11 kg/ha). In crop weather relationship, Tuber yield and plant height were significantly positively correlated with rainfall (0.80 and 0.92) and rainy days (0.50 and 0.53). Evening relative humidity was also positively correlated with LAI (0.59) and tuber yield (0.78) of potato. Vegetables production is considered to be particularly important in satisfying world food demand. Specific research therefore is needed in order to evaluate the effects of environmental factors that crop encounters during its growth period and its production