Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Effect of UV-B radiations on mortality and enzymes level in fish larvae of Tor tor and Schizothorax richardsonii on laboratory scale
Get PDFDepletion of stratospheric ozone layer is resulting into increase in solar UV-B on earth surface. Ultra violet radiation is well known to cause many detrimental effects in aquatic organisms. The present study was performed to study the effect of solar ultraviolet radiation on fish fingerlings of Tor tor and Schizothorax richardsonii as a model system on laboratory scale. The effect of different intensities of natural solar and artificial UV-B radiation on fish larvae of T. tor and S. richardsonii in a presence of retene was investigated. Solar ultraviolet intensity showed seasonal and altitudinal variations in Garhwal region. Solar UV radiation level was lower (0.390 mw/cm2) in the month of January- February at lower altitude and highest (1.192 mw/cm2) in the month of July-August 2018 at higher altitude. Fish larvae exposed to artificial UV-B (average wavelength 312 nm and intensity of 750 mw/cm2) with retene (50µg/l) showed increase in gills malandialdehyde level and caused larvae mortality as indicating that enhanced solar UV-B exposure could be lethal to fish fauna in aquatic ecosystem. Artificial UV-B had a stronger damaging effect on fish larvae than solar radiation exhibited highly toxic in presence of retene. The larvae of S. richardsonii was found more sensitive than T. tor as indicated by high mortality rate (30%) and high pigmented characteristics on dorsal side. The solar and ultraviolet radiation showed a positive effect on high pigmentation. These results suggest that on a short time scale, UV-B radiation causing developmental stress on fish larvae may contribute to assess the phototoxic behaviour of cold water fishes
Zinc and boron nutrition in pulses: A review
Get PDFZn plays major role in many physiological processes viz., chlorophyll formation, pollen formation, fertilization, protein synthesis, cell elongation, nodule formation etc. Hence, Zn nutrition favourably influences the growth, yield, physiological parameters and nodule formation in pulses. Similar to that of Zn, B also plays a major role in the functioning of reproductive tissues, structural integrity of plasma membrane, sugar transport, nodule development etc. Boron nutrition reduces the flower drop, increases the pod setting in pulses and also increased nodulation in pulses. The review elaborates the effect of Zn and B nutrition on the physiological, growth and yield parameters and yield of pulses and their effect on nodule formation and uptake of nutrients in pulses
Species composition of fungi causing diseases in agricultural plants in agrarian sector of Azerbaijan
No full textThe purpose of the presented work was dedicated to assess the spread of fungal diseases and the species composition of its creators on the plants used for food purposes in the agraraian sector of Azerbaijan. In the research conducted for this purpose, we studied mycobiota of 20 sorts belonging to the 10 species of plants and it was indicated that in the formation of mycobiota of those plants, there was involvement of 57 species of fungi and fungi -like organisms. It was determined that the frequency of occurrence of registered fungi, as well as the prevalence of diseases caused by fungi depending on the plants, are characterized by the different quantitative indicators. Thus, the total frequency of occurrence fungi varies between 0.02 - 21.2%. Phytosanitary status was assessed according to the degree of spread of diseases caused by fungi. It became clear that the situation today is potentially dangerous. This is also made as a necessary task to develop serious prophylactic measures
Assessment of Land Cover changes on long-term treated industrial effluent irrigation using Remote sensing and GIS techniques
Get PDFA study was under taken to identify and map the changes in land use and land cover over a period of (1992 to 2017) 25 years in an area irrigating with treated industrial waste water using remote sensing and GIS technologies. Four LANDSAT TM and ETM+ images of 1992, 1999, 2006 and 2017 with a spatial resolution 30mx30m were used to determine the temporal land cover changes. Consequently, ground truth confirmation was done in the study area. Supervised classification was carried out in ArcGIS to identify the LULC classes. The study area was classified into four major classes; Water bodies, Settlements, Vegetation and Fallow lands. The study revealed that fallow lands was decreased by 99.8%, vegetation was found to be increased by 90.2% and settlement area was found to increase by 65.7 % over the period of 15 years. Livelihood increased with increased socio-economic status of the people
Productivity and quality of Anthurium andreanum influenced with growing conditions and fertilizers
Get PDFAn experiment was carried out to study the productivity and flower quality of Anthurium andreanum cv. Evita cultivated in shade house (75% shade net) and under natural forest trees at Herbal garden, School of Earth Sciences & Natural Resources, Management, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram. There were six different nutrient sources as F0 - control (no additional nutrient source); F1 - NPK (19:19:19) @ 25 g/pot/year; F2 - Biofertilizers (azospirillum and phosphotika) each @ 3 g/pot/year; F3 - Cattle manure @ 1.0 kg/pot/year; F4- Pig manure @1.0 kg/pot/year and F5- Poultry manure @ 0.5 kg/pot/year were applied in three equal splits. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block design with factorial concept comprising in three replications. All vegetative and flowering parameters differ significantly at 0.05 level, and were observed better under Shade house (75% shade net) condition. Number of suckers per pot (4.77), number of leaves (23.73), leaf area (257.79cm2), flower stalk length (41.68cm), flower stalk diameter (5.95mm), spadix length (60.77cm), spadix diameter (10.02mm), spathe area (103.25cm2), vase life (19.67days) and number of flower per plant (3.57) were found maximum in F1 - NPK (19:19:19) @ 25 g/pot/year. Hence Anthurium andreanum cv. Evita planted in cocopeat, charcoal and vermicompost in the proportion of 6.5:1:1 placed under shade house (75% shade net) and fertilized with NPK (19:19:19) @ 25 g/pot/year can enhance growth and flowering characters
Bioefficacy of fungicides, plant extracts and essential oils against Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs causing Northern leaf blight of maize
Get PDFEight fungicides, ten botanicals and ten essential oils were taken for their in vitro evaluation against Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs incited of Northern Leaf Blight of Maize. Among all the tested fungicides (Azoxystrobin 23%, Thiophenate methyl 75%, Propiconazole 25%, Tebuconazole 25.9%, Captan 50%, Zineb 75%, Cymoxanil 8%+Mancozeb 64% and Zineb 68%+Hexaconazole 4%), propiconazole 25% showed maximum inhibition of mycelial growth (92.22%) under in vitro conditions at 5ppm concentration. Among all the tested botanicals Heena (Lawsonia inermis) was found to be most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth (71.11%) at 10% concentration. Lemon tulsi oil was found best in inhibiting mycelial growth (71.30%) of Exserohilum turcicum, among all the tested essential oils at 50ppm concentration. Fungicides, plant extracts and essential oils showing good results under in vitro conditions were tested under glasshouse conditions. Foliar spray of Propiconazole 25%[email protected]% showed reduced disease incidence (23.33%) compared to control (46.33%). Application of 5% of Heena extracts reduced the disease incidence (26.67%). Plants when sprayed with Lemon tulsi oil showed reduced disease incidence (24.17%). The study reveals that not only the fungicides but also the natural plant extracts can greatly contribute to reduce the incidence of disease because of the antifungal compounds present in plants. 
Production and characterization of antimicrobials from isolate Pantoea agglomerans of Medicago sativa plant rhizosphere soil
Get PDFDue to rise in drug resistance among pathogens, there is always an urge to look for new drug alternatives. So in this study we aimed to identify the unexplored rhizosphere microflora of alfalfa plant for new antimicrobials. With initial screening for isolates from rhizosphere region for antibacterial activity against selected bacterial pathogens, the isolate AL10 had better activity selected for this study. The isolate mass was cultured and secondary metabolites were extracted using ethyl acetate and subjected to FTIR and GC-MS analysis. Based on functional diversity analysis, the isolate subjected to anti-bacterial activity revealed significant activity against Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella, S. aureus with zone of inhibition in the range of18-20 mm. Based on GC-MS analysis report ten compounds were identified and 1-Octadecane and 1-nonadecanol were found to be responsible for bio-activity. FT-IR results showed that N-H stretching functional group was dominantly present in the extract. Molecular identification of the isolate by 16S rRNA sequencing showed the isolate as Pantoea agglomerans. The results showed that the isolate P.agglomerans, gram negative bacteria had wide antibacterial activity due to 1-Octadecane and 1-nonadecanol. Though Alfalfa plant has been described for various biological activities, this is a first report on rhizosphere region of plant reporting for antibacterial potential microbes
Seed storage behaviour of Buxus wallichiana Baillon: An important woodcraft species of Indian Himalayan region
Get PDFSeeds of Buxus wallichiana Baillon are dormant and not much information is available on their shelf life under storage conditions. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the seed storage behaviour of B. wallichiana, an important woodcraft species of the Indian Himalayan Region. Healthy matured fruits of B. wallichiana were collected from Matkangra block, Chakrata Forest Division of Uttarakhand. The seeds were extracted, cleaned, processed manually and their initial viability was tested through germination test. After initial viability determination, seeds were processed and placed in air-tight plastic boxes for storage at four temperatures viz., ambient room temperature (Control), 5°C, 15°C and -20°C. Thereafter, at every two months interval, germination test was conducted to assess the viability of the stored seeds. The results revealed that the initial viability of freshly collected seeds was 26.66 per cent and it took 7.83 days to complete germination. After two months of storage the germination percentage increased in the seeds stored at all the temperatures going up to maximum (73.33%) in the ones stored at -20°C followed by 15°C (66.67%) as compared to 50% in the seeds stored at room temperature. Similarly, the mean germination time also increased proportionally, longest being 44 days for seeds stored at -20°C. Seeds stored at ambient room temperature lost viability completely at 6 months storage duration while almost half the viability was lost in seeds stored at 15°C (36.67%) and -20°C (26.67%). From present study, it can be concluded that the longevity of the B. wallichiana seeds is around 12 months when the seeds are stored at lower temperatures, maintaining the viability about 23% at 5°C and 15°C and 16.67 % at -20°C
Effects of vermicompost and urea on the seed germination and growth parameters of Vigna mungo L. and Vigna radiata L. Wilzek
Get PDFGrowth attributes of Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata crop influenced by level and type of fertilizers. The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the effects of organic (vermicompost) and inorganic (urea) fertilizers on the germination percentage and seedling growth of V. radiata (Green gram) and V. mungo (Black gram). Fresh weight and dry weight of tested plant samples at 10th days of growth stage were also determined. Vermicompost was used as organic fertilizer and urea as inorganic fertilizer. Experimental results showed that vermicompost and urea both has positive effect on seedling growth parameters of V. mungo and V. radiata [average root length (6.1cm and 6.7cm)] , shoot length (6.5cm and 8.3cm), leaf area (312.2 sq.cm and 334.1 sq.cm] as compared to control set [average root length (4.4cm and 4.3cm)] , shoot length (6cm and 5.9cm), leaf area (282.7 sq.cm and 305.5 sq.cm). But urea exerts negative effect on seed germination percentage in V. mungo and V. radiata (58% and 50%) as compared to control (77%). Vermicompost exhibited better result in above parameters in comparison to urea. V. mungo showed increased value in comparison considering V. radiata in case of organic, inorganic fertilizer treated as well as control sets. As composition of locally available fertilizers is unknown, the application of these fertilizers for improving germination percentage and growth parameters of tested crop need to be evaluated. Present work may provide the suggestive approach for usage of these tested fertilizers in field level trial
Non rhizobial endophytic bacteria from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) tissues and their antagonistic traits
Get PDFBacteria that colonize plant tissues other than rhizobia and are beneficial for plant growth referred to non rhizobial plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria (PGPEB). This study was designed to assay the biocontrol activity of plant growth promoting endophytic bacterial isolates those found positive for P. solubilization, ACC deaminase, Indole acetic acid and Gibberelic acid production. These bacterial isolates were obtained from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) tissues (roots and nodules). In a previous study a total of 263 non rhizobial endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated. Out of 263 isolates, 64.5% and 34.5% were Gram positive and negative, respectively. Further for biochemical characterization, catalase, oxidase, citrate utilization, nitrate reduction, methyl red and Voges Proskauer’s tests, were performed. On the basis of P solubilization, ACC deaminase, Indole acetic acid and Gibberelic acid production 75 potential isolates were selected and screened for their biocontrol activity viz. (production of cell wall degrading enzymes, production of HCN and fluorescent pigment). Out of 75 isolates, only 29 isolates produced cellulase, 64 isolates were able to produce protease and 28 were positive for both cellulose and protease. Of 75 endophytic isolates 12 isolates (7 from root tissue and 5 from nodules tissue, respectively) were positive for HCN production and 16 isolates were found to be fluorescent pigment producer under µv ligh. As chemical fertilizers and pesticides have detrimental effects on the environment. So these bacterial endophytic isolates will be used not only as a biofertilizer because of their plant growth promotional activities but also used as an alternative of synthetic chemicals for control of several plant diseases