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How to ensure full vaccination? The association of institutional delivery and timely postnatal care with childhood vaccination in a cross-sectional study in rural Bihar, India
No full textIncomplete and absent doses in routine childhood vaccinations are of major concern. Health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), in particular, often struggle to enable full vaccination of children, which affects their immunity against communicable diseases. Data on child vaccination cards from a cross-sectional primary survey with 1,967 households were used to assess the vaccination status. The association of timely postnatal care (PNC) and the place of delivery with any-dose (at least one dose of each vaccine) and full vaccination of children between 10-20 months in Bihar, India, was investigated. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used. The vaccines included targeted tuberculosis, hepatitis B, polio, diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus (DPT) and measles. Moreover predictors for perinatal health care uptake were analysed by multivariable logistic regression. Of the 1,011 children with card verification, 47.9% were fully vaccinated. Timely PNC was positively associated with full vaccination (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-2.08) and with the administration of at least one dose (any-dose) of polio vaccine (aOR 3.37 95% CI 1.79-6.36), hepatitis B/pentavalent vaccine (aOR 2.11 95% CI 1.24-3.59), and DPT/pentavalent vaccine (aOR 2.29 95% CI 1.35-3.88). Additionally, delivery in a public health care facility was positively associated with at least one dose of hepatitis B/pentavalent vaccine administration (aOR 4.86 95% CI 2.97-7.95). Predictors for timely PNC were institutional delivery (public and private) (aOR 2.7 95% CI 1.96-3.72, aOR 2.38 95% CI 1.56-3.64), at least one ANC visit (aOR 1.59 95% CI 1.18-2.15), wealth quintile (Middle aOR 1.57 95% CI 1.02-2.41, Richer aOR 1.51 95% CI 1.01-2.25, Richest aOR 2.06 95% CI 1.28-3.31) and household size (aOR 0.95 95% CI 0.92-0.99). The findings indicate a correlation between childhood vaccination and timely postnatal care. Further, delivery in a public facility correlates with the administration of at least one dose of hepatitis B vaccine and thus impedes zero-dose vaccination. Increasing uptake of timely PNC, encouraging institutional delivery, and improving vaccination services before discharge of health facilities may lead to improved vaccination rates among children. � 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Bootstrapping the spinning two body problem in dynamical Chern-Simons gravity using worldline QFT
No full textIn this paper, we compute the WQFT partition function, specifically the eikonal phase in a black hole scattering event in the dynamical Chern-Simons theory, using the techniques of spinning worldline quantum field theory. We consider the scattering of spinning black holes and highlight the necessary details for the calculation of the partition function. We present the ϵ-expansion of the essential two-loop integrals using Integration-by-Parts (IBP) reduction and differential equation techniques, which we then utilize to compute the linear-in-order spin eikonal phase up to 3PM. Additionally, we discuss the dependence of the phase on the spin orientations of the black holes
Development of supersonic flow solver with combustion and investigation of cavity based scramjets
No full textGAUGE-THEORETIC ASPECTS OF PARABOLIC BUNDLES OVER REAL CURVES
No full textWe study the gauge-theoretic aspects of real and quaternionic parabolic bundles over a real curve (X, σX), where X is a compact Riemann surface and σX is an anti-holomorphic involution. For a fixed real or quaternionic structure on a smooth parabolic bundle, we examine the orbits space of real or quaternionic connections under the appropriate gauge group. The corresponding gauge-theoretic quotients sit inside the real points of the moduli of holomorphic parabolic bundles having a fixed parabolic type on a compact Riemann surface X
A novel cluster-based framework for developing correlation model and its implementation for spectral acceleration
No full textA novel framework is proposed in this paper for constructing a correlation model of spectral acceleration directly from the database (without using any GMPE). The proposed framework first numerically constructs the correlation structures contingent on the multidimensional clusters (bins). These numerically constructed correlation structures are next idealized accounting for any trends that may exist against the seismological parameters. This framework is implemented using the NGA-West2 database for five definitions of intensity measure (RotD100, RotD50, Geo-mean, GMRotD100, and GMRotD50). The correlation structure is observed to be independent of the definitions of the intensity measure. Systematic trends are also observed against the seismological parameters: a) reduction in correlation with increasing moment-magnitude; and b) reduction in correlation with increasing Joyner-Boore distance. These trends are expected due to the lowering of corner frequency in power spectra with increasing moment-magnitude; and amplitude decay of higher modes with increasing Joyner-Boore distance, respectively. An idealized correlation model using a few parameters is next proposed accounting for these observed trends. The existing correlation models (independent of seismological parameters) based on the NGA-West2 database (or its subsets) do not represent the correlation structure with sufficient accuracy. The influence of the proposed correlation model on the conditional mean spectrum is also discussed against the state-of-the-art correlation model (which is reported to be independent of the seismological parameters). Overall, the proposed model taking into account the possible influence of seismological parameters is expected to be a valuable input for various earthquake engineering applications
Multi-directional investigations on quiet time suprathermal ions measured by ASPEX-STEPS on-board Aditya L1
No full textThe origin, acceleration and anisotropy of suprathermal ions in the interplanetary medium during quiet periods have remained poorly understood issues in solar wind physics. To address these aspects, we derive the spectral indices for the “quiet” time suprathermal ions based on the measurements by the four directionally separated sensors that are part of the Supra-Thermal and Energetic Particle Spectrometer (STEPS) of Aditya Solar Wind Particle EXperiment (ASPEX) on-board Aditya L1 spacecraft. Three out of four STEPS sensors - Parker Spiral (PS), Inter-Mediate (IM), Earth Pointing (EP) - are in one plane (nearly aligned with the ecliptic plane) while the fourth sensor - North Pointing (NP) – is in a mutually orthogonal plane. The energy ranges covered by the PS, IM, EP and NP sensors are 0.36-1.32 MeV, 0.14-1.22 MeV, 0.39-1.33 MeV and 0.12-1.23 MeV respectively. The quiet intervals are identified during January - November, 2024 and the derived spectral indices (differential directional flux versus energy) are found to be in the range of 2.0 for all directions in the time scale of a few days revealing isotropic nature of their distribution. Further analysis of elemental abundance ratios ( 3He/ 4He, Fe/O, and C/O) during the same quiet intervals obtained from the Ultra-Low Energy Isotope Spectrometer (ULEIS) on –board the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft suggests possible contributions from the leftover ions from the previous impulsive (Solar flares) and gradual events (CMEs) in the “quiet” time suprathermal ion poo
Ultimate Settlement and Coefficient of Consolidation Under Radial Drainage Using Non-linear Regression Analysis
No full textTo minimize the post-construction settlement in clayey soil one of the effective methods used is pre-compression after providing vertical drains. The coefficient of radial consolidation (ch) of the soil is essential for assessing the consolidation time needed while incorporating vertical drains. In the present study, an effort was made to find the radial coefficient of consolidation (ch) and the ultimate settlement (Sf) values using non-linear regression analysis. The experimental data was obtained by conducting a radial consolidation test, using two different oedometers of different sizes. Undisturbed soil samples of Cochin Marine clay (CMC), which was retrieved from a depth of 12 m, and reconstituted samples of IIT lake clay and Bombay marine clay (BMC) were used for the analysis. The values of Sf and ch obtained from the analysis match well with the existing methods like the rectangular hyperbola method and Asaoka’s method
K-stability of C∗-algebras generated by isometries and unitaries with twisted commutation relations
No full textIn this article, we define a family of C∗-algebras that are generated by a finite set of unitaries and isometries satisfying certain twisted commutation relations and prove their K-stability. This family includes the C∗-algebra of doubly non-commuting isometries and free twist of isometries. Next, we consider the C∗-algebra generated by an n-tuple of -twisted isometries with respect to a fixed n2-tuple of commuting unitaries (see [14]). Identifying any point of the joint spectrum of the commutative C∗-algebra generated by ({Uij:1≤i<j≤n}) with a skew-symmetric matrix, we show that the algebra is K-stable under the assumption that does not contain any degenerate, skew-symmetric matrix. Finally, we prove the same result for the C∗-algebra generated by a tuple of free -twisted isometries
Exposure media a critical factor for controlling dissolution of CuO nanoparticles
No full textDissolution is an important property that influences nanoparticle abundance and biological responses, and often becomes a critical factor in determining the safety of nanoparticles. In our study, the dissolution behavior of commercial (c-CuO) and synthesized CuO (s-CuO) nanoparticles, of size 31 � 4�nm and 7 � 1�nm, respectively, in a range of simulated aqueous media (artificial sea water, artificial lysosomal fluid, simulated body fluid, and 1�mM NaNO 3 ) was assessed. The study demonstrated significant differences in the dissolution behavior of the nanoparticles based on the exposure concentration and exposure media. In biological media, both c-CuO and s-CuO demonstrated more than 80% dissolution within 12 to 24�h as compared to less than 15% dissolution in environmental media over the 7-day period. Due to the inherent size difference between c-CuO and s-CuO nanoparticles, the rate of dissolution was found to be higher in the case of s-CuO nanoparticles. To validate the role of dissolution, the microbial response of CuO nanoparticles and its ionic species was evaluated on E. coli. This study highlights the interplay between particulate and ionic form and experimentally validates how the suspension media acts as a critical factor governing the solubility of nanoparticles. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. � 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved