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ON THE MOBIUS INVARIANT PRINCIPAL FUNCTIONS OF PINCUS
No full textIn this semi-expository short note, we prove that the only homogeneous pure hyponormal operator T with rank(T*T - TT*) = 1, modulo unitary equivalence, is the unilateral shift
Design and Development of User-Friendly Interface Environment for Accelerating Scientific Research Process: A Case Study for Nuclear Fusion Applications
No full textThe integration of modern computational tools with legacy scientific applications is an ongoing process to preserve the efforts of scientists put in developing such applications while enhancing and extending their functionalities. This paper introduces the design and development of interface environment using a modern Python programming language for accelerating the standard operating procedure for scientific legacy codes developed mostly based on FORTRAN language. A methodology has been proposed which accelerates the scientific research process followed in nuclear fusion community applications. For the validation of the proposed methodology, a standalone graphical interface viz. ANISolve for 1-D Radiation Transport Code ANISN has been developed by coupling of the source code with its pre and post -processing tasks. ANISolve accelerates the setup and evaluation procedure followed in radiation transport calculations and provides a user-friendly environment for the experienced as well as novice users. Apart from legacy applications, the developed interface environment have also been used for ACTYS, a recently developed activation analysis code, to develop a user-friendly standalone interface viz. UI-ACTYS. UI-ACTYS helps in setting up the problem for performing the activation calculations and can be further enhanced for output visualization
A unified platform to evaluate STDP learning rule and synapse model using pattern recognition in a spiking neural network
No full textWe develop a unified platform to evaluate Ideal, Linear, and Non-linear \text{Pr}_{0.7}\text{Ca}_{0.3}\text{MnO}_{3} memristor-based synapse models, each getting progressively closer to hardware realism, alongside four STDP learning rules in a two-layer SNN with LIF neurons and adaptive thresholds for five-class MNIST classification. On MNIST with small train set and large test set, our two-layer SNN with ideal, 25-state, and 12-state nonlinear memristor synapses achieves 92.73 %, 91.07 %, and 80 % accuracy, respectively, while converging faster and using fewer parameters than comparable ANN/CNN baselines
Unravelling sediment sources and sinks in the large Ganga River system
No full textA basin-scale sediment budget can reveal distinct contributions of tectonic, geomorphological and climatic domains to sediment dispersal in large river systems. While traditional budgets at the reach- and sub-basin-scale have focused on hinterland sediment supply, the role of alluvial storage in modulating sediment fluxes remains poorly understood, particularly in data-scarce Himalayan large rivers. To address this, we compiled sediment load data from existing studies across different sub-basins of the large Ganga River system to construct a basin-scale sediment budget. Using this integrated sediment budget, we examined spatial variability in sediment generation, transport and deposition across the Himalayan hinterland and alluvial plains. Our analysis reveals strong regional contrasts in sediment dispersal, driven by differences in uplift rates, precipitation and subsidence. The western Ganga rivers, covering 27% of the basin area, contribute only 9% of the total sediment load (385 Mt a−1) due to lower uplift rates and precipitation. This results in a supply-limited system with entrenched rivers and minimal sediment storage in the adjacent low-subsiding plains. In contrast, the Eastern Himalayan Hinterland is the dominant sediment source, generating 51% of the total load from 11% of the basin area; however, ∼45% of this sediment is trapped in the subsiding alluvial plains, forming aggradational channels. The Transitional Himalayan Hinterland bridges these extremes, contributing 23% of the sediment load from the hinterland covering 9% of basin area due to intermediate uplift and precipitation rate. This increases to 29% in the alluvial plains, where low subsidence—similar to the Western Ganga Plains—facilitates efficient sediment transfer downstream. We propose that transient storage in the Eastern Ganga Plains may become a key control on sediment dispersal over a centennial timescale, as increasing extreme precipitation events could shift the system from transport-limited to supply-limited. Accounting for these shifts is essential for effective sediment management and future planning
Low Complexity Gain-Phase Error Correction for Adaptive Underdetermined DOA Estimation in Sensor Arrays
No full textDirection of arrival (DOA) estimation techniques are essential for determining the locations of signal sources using sensor arrays. For a uniform linear array, the number of detectable sources is limited to one less than the number of sensors. Sparse linear arrays overcome this limitation by leveraging the difference array to estimate more sources than sensors. However, gain and phase mismatches among sensors can impair accuracy. Existing algorithms to correct these mismatches are computationally demanding, making them unsuitable for low-power Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. This article proposes a novel method to integrate gain-phase compensation into adaptive filtering-based DOA estimation algorithms. The proposed approach reduces computational complexity and improves performance, especially in low SNR and low snapshot scenarios, facilitating efficient deployment in low-power devices
Photoinduced chromophore dissociation resulting in aggregation-induced red fluorescence
No full textFluorescent molecules are essential for bioimaging and visualizing cellular localization, functionalities, including biosensing, ion sensing, and photochromism. The photocleavable fluorescent protein PhoCl1 belongs to a sub-class of green-to-red photoconvertible β-barrel fluorescent protein and has a characteristic green fluorescence conferred by the chromophore p-HBI. In contrast to other photoconvertible proteins, that shift their fluorescence from green-to-red upon photoexposure, PhoCl1 has been reported to render itself non-fluorescent by releasing the 9 amino-acid C-terminal peptide fragment (CTPF) bearing the photo-transformed red chromophore from the β-barrel. Here we show the fate of photoreleased chromophore which shows an unexpected dim red fluorescence. We attribute this dim red fluorescence to the aggregation of CTPF molecules which is validated through dynamic light scattering measurements. We further characterize the aggregated CTPF through various optical techniques to determine the excitation/emission maxima, fluorescence lifetime, quantum yield and rotational correlation time through fluorescence anisotropy. We assessed the red fluorescence behavior under diverse environmental conditions including variations in pH, NaCl, and temperature. Molecular dynamics simulations support our experimentally observed aggregation of CTPF molecules. We supplemented these studies with quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics study which indicated the role of the chromophore in the photodissociated peptide fragment in the generation of dim red fluorescence. These findings not only provide insight into the behavior of fluorescent chromophore-peptide conjugate but also potentially lay the groundwork for developing light-activated fluorescence systems, AIE-based biosensors, and tunable biomaterials for protein tagging and responsive material design. (Figure presented.
The Routledge international handbook of Himalayan environments, development and wellbeing
No full textShifting dynamics of peoples, livelihoods and territories, influenced by global warming, require new ways of thinking and new kinds of politics beyond the sovereignties of idealized traditional European nation-states. The Routledge International Handbook of Himalayan Environments, Development and Wellbeing features over 70 scholars from the social sciences, humanities and natural sciences who explore the interrelationships between environmental change, development and wellbeing across the entire Himalayan region – from the Indian Himalayas in the east to Bhutan, Nepal, Tibet (TAR), India and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west.
Within over 50 chapters, the handbook presents engaging field-based research on the region’s socio-cultural diversity, climate adaptation and socio-economic transformation. It examines creative ways Himalayan communities adapt, seek wellbeing and respond to environmental and development challenges. Lessons about learning from Indigenous and local peoples, about governance of forests and water, and grassroots conservation practices from the Himalayan region can help inform global networks of researchers and practitioners.
The handbook will interest scholars, students, stakeholders and the public about the evolving relationships between Himalayan peoples, territories and global warming, offering insights into people’s creative ways for understanding, adapting, and seeking wellbeing in environmental relations and development possibilities
