11563 research outputs found
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Dynamic vision from EEG brain recordings: how much does EEG know?
No full textReconstructing and understanding dynamic visual information (video) from brain EEG recordings is challenging due to the non-stationary nature of EEG signals, their low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the limited availability of EEG-Video stimulus datasets. Most recent studies have focused on reconstructing static images from EEG recordings. In this work, we propose a framework to reconstruct dynamic visual stimuli from EEG data and conduct an in-depth study of the information encoded in EEG signals. Our approach first trains a feature extraction network using a triplet-based contrastive learning strategy within an EEG-video generation framework. The extracted EEG features are then used for video synthesis with a modified StyleGAN-ADA, which incorporates temporal information as conditioning. Additionally, we analyze how different brain regions contribute to processing dynamic visual stimuli. Through several empirical studies, we evaluate the effectiveness of our framework and investigate how much dynamic visual information can be inferred from EEG signals. The inferences we derive through our extensive studies would be of immense value to future research on extracting visual dynamics from EEG
Applicability of Waste from Al Industry toward Dephosphorization of Hot Metal in Primary Steel Making
No full textManaging industrial waste is a global challenge. Red mud is a byproduct of the aluminum industry posing serious concerns. The presence of FeO and CaO in red mud makes it a potential DeP flux. Red mud has been utilized as a DeP flux in previous studies, but these studies deal with low Si content and no P2O5 content in the red mud. However, certain steel makers have high initial Si content (0.6–0.7 wt%) in the hot metal, and with increasing demand for low P steel, new dephosphorization fluxes need to be explored. Addressing this gap, this study investigates red mud's potential as a flux for dephosphorization in hot metal with elevated Si levels. Conducting slag–metal equilibrium experiments at 1350 °C, using red mud-based fluxes, the research achieves a 40% dephosphorization degree under optimized conditions of double deslagging and fluxing. Analysis via wet chemical methods and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry confirms the effectiveness of the approach. Furthermore, thermodynamic calculations highlight the influence of O2 partial pressure and Si content on dephosphorization efficacy. Through laboratory experiments and theoretical insights, this study provides a valuable roadmap for leveraging red mud as a sustainable flux in hot metal dephosphorization processes, contributing to both waste management and steel production efficiency
Miniature lab-made electrochemical biosensor: A promising sensing kit for rapid detection of E. coli in water, urine and milk
No full textA novel, rapid production methodology for laboratory-made carbon electrodes (LCE) employing cost-effective and readily available materials has developed in the present work. The LCE presents superior electrochemical characteristics compared to commercially available screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE). Furthermore, this research has demonstrated the performance of readily accessible, highly sensitive, and portable biosensors for on-site detection of E. coli in aqueous samples. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully electrodeposited onto the LCE (Ag-LCE) using the electrochemical method at optimised parameters. The E. coli-specific aptamer was conjugated with AgNPs, and uncoated Ag-LCE surfaces were blocked with a BSA (BSA-Apt-Ag-LCE). The developed BSA-Apt-Ag-LCE biosensor was characterised and validated for the successful detection of E. coli in aqueous samples using cyclic voltammetry (CV). A linear correlation was obtained for sensor response in the 3.4 × 101 to 3.4 × 106 CFU/ml bacterial concentration as ΔIpa = 5.71 log C + 2.91 with R2 = 0.987. BSA-Apt-Ag-LCE biosensors have a limit of detection of 34 CFU/ml and a response time of 15 min, indicating their prompt and practical on-site identification capabilities. The proficient detection of E. coli in diverse aqueous samples, substantiated by its consistent reproducibility as indicated by the relative standard deviation (RSD) value of a maximum of 1.71 %, is a compelling validation of the biosensor's efficacy and reliability. The proposed biosensor exhibited selectivity towards E. coli and was found stable even after being stored at 4 °C for four weeks
Smart hybrid energy management system for green microgrid with optimized energy and enhanced voltage stability
No full textEnergy management systems (EMSs) are an integral part of power networks with distributed energy resources (DERs) for optimized energy transactions. Conventional EMS performs rule-based actions for energy transactions between the DERs without considering optimization of resource and network stability. This paper proposes a smart hybrid EMS for an AC microgrid with optimal energy transactions with the utility distribution grid for improved cost-benefits along with stabilizing the voltage levels at the point of common coupling (PCC) using VAr compensation. The proposed EMS incorporates a hybrid scheme of rule based prioritization combined with an optimization module for energy management based on forecasted data of AC microgrid under grid-connected and islanded conditions. This reduces the operational cost of energy by at least 20% compared to classical EMS through a systematic cost-benefit analysis of microgrid. Besides, it aims at reduction of carbon emissions by at least 30% compared to classical EMS by prioritizing renewable energy sources and optimizing energy transfers. The proposed EMS not only ensures the active power management of a photovoltaic (PV) source, a battery energy storage system (BESS) and a diesel generator under different operating conditions but also performs VAr compensation using the grid-tied converters of PV and BESS which are dynamically limited by the EMS depending on the rated VA of the respective entities and the real-time active power injected. The simulation results from MATLAB/SIMULINK, analysis along with validation using the laboratory grid-tied converter prototype with PV source and battery setups establish the effectiveness of the proposed smart EMS
[Review of the Adivasi or Vanvasi: Tribal India and the Politics of Hindutva by Kamal Nayan Choubey]
No full textIdentification and characterisation of recurrently methylated regions in the human genome from heterogenous MeDIP-seq data
No full textAnnihilation-limited long-range exciton transport in high-mobility conjugated copolymer films
No full textA combination of ultrafast, long-range, and low-loss excitation energy transfer from the photoreceptor location to a functionally active site is essential for cost-effective polymeric semiconductors. Delocalized electronic wavefunctions along pi-conjugated polymer (CP) backbone can enable efficient intrachain transport, while interchain transport is gen erally thought slow and lossy due to weak chain-chain interactions. In contrast to the conventional strategy of mitigating structural disorder, amorphous layers of rigid CPs, exemplified by highly planar poly(indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole) (IDT-BT) donor-accepter copolymer, exhibit trap-free transistor performance and charge-carrier mobilities similar to amorphous silicon. Here, we report long-range exciton transport in HJ-aggregated IDTBT thin-film, in which the competing exciton transport and exciton-exciton annihilation (EEA) dynamics are spectroscopically separated using a phase-cycling-based scheme and shown to depart from the classical diffusion-limited and strong-coupling regime. In the thin film, we find an annihilation-limited mec hanism with << 100% per-encounter annihilation probability, facilitating the mini mization of EEA-induced excitation losses. In contrast, excitons on isolated IDTBT chains diffuse over 350 nm with 0.56 cm2 s-1 diffusivity, before eventually annihilating with unit probability on first contact. We complement the pump-probe studies with temperature-dependent photocurrent and EEA measurements from 295 K to 77 K and find a remarkable correspondence of annihilation rate and photocurrent activation energies in the 140 K to 295 K temperature range
Use of reference management software by faculty and research scholars at IIT Gandhinagar: an exploratory study
No full textAlpha-tocopherol succinate conjugated DNA tetrahedron with enhanced cellular uptake and selective cytotoxicity for cancer therapeutics
No full textStructurally interlinked multi-crosslinking bioactive hydrogel network with enhanced antioxidant, antibiofilm, and antibacterial functionalities
No full textRecent advances in designing effective multifunctional hydrogel materials have attracted remarkable attention for their biomedical applications, particularly in controlled drug delivery, regenerative medicine, antibiofilm, and broad-spectrum antibacterial therapies. However, over the period we have gained a deep understanding of the structural design of novel smart hydrogels by employing their crosslinking methods, including physical, chemical, and metal coordination. Still designing a multifunctional hydrogel matrix with good mechanical strength, sustained drug release profile, and substantial stability in a biological microenvironment is challenging. In this report, a novel multifaceted and mechanically robust therapeutic hydrogel material has been developed involving multiple chemical and physical crosslinking approaches. Starting material N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) crosslinked with silver salt and further stabilized by chemical crosslinking matrix of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA). The fundamental therapeutic composition of hydrogel relies on metal-thiolate coordination, which imparts enhanced antibacterial properties. The incorporation of NAC further provides intrinsic antioxidant activity. To improve stability, antibacterial and antioxidant properties, tannic acid (TA) was integrated into the hydrogel as a bioactive agent. Modulating the PEGDA crosslinking density allowed for fine-tuning the TA release profile, ensuring stability and controlled therapeutic delivery. The combined incorporation of NAC, Ag, PEGDA, and TA in the NAPT hydrogel significantly enhances its antioxidant, antibacterial, and in-vitro biocompatibility properties, making it a highly promising material for advanced biomedical applications