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Multi-label imbalanced text handling using ensemble methodology with application to biomedical data classification
No full textThe surge in biomedical literature and clinical reports presents a formidable challenge for automated text analysis, particularly in multi-label classification tasks where severe class imbalance and interdependent labels are common. To address these issues, we propose MITHEM (Multi-label Imbalance-aware Text Classification using Hybrid Ensemble Model), an ensemble framework that combines threshold-guided binning, SMOTE based oversampling, and a set of diverse classifiers Support Vector Machines, Decision Trees, and Random Forests within a meta-classification approach. Unlike traditional techniques, MITHEM not only improves the representation of minority classes but also learns correlations between labels to refine decision-making. We tested the framework on eight standard biomedical text datasets and observed notable gains in macro F1-score, Hamming loss, and label coverage compared with strong baselines. Empirical results validate that MITHEM outperforms other competitive methods on a variety of biomedical datasets, especially in imbalanced scenarios, in terms of enhanced Recall and Precision scores
Graphene oxide/PVA/Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite for removal of arsenic from water
No full textThis study synthesised potent nanocomposites of graphene oxide (GO), magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (GO/PVA/Fe3O4) through a co-precipitation method for the extraction of arsenic (As(V)) from water. The nanocomposite demonstrated a flexible framework, where the chemical stability of PVA enabled strong hydrogen bonding with GO and Fe₃O₄, thereby ensuring uniform dispersion and enhancing arsenic adsorption efficiency. In this composite, GO acts as the adsorption site for the contaminants, PVA contributes structural stability, and Fe3O4 supports magnetic separation and adsorption. The impact of adsorbent quantity (1–6 g/L), contact time (0–360 min), and initial As(V) concentration (0.1–2 mg/L) on adsorption efficiency was evaluated. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved within one hour, and kinetic analysis confirmed that the process followed the pseudo-second-order (PSO) rate model. A systematic study showed that the optimised concentration of GO/PVA/Fe3O4 in water for the maximisation of As (V) removal efficacy is 4 g/L. The adsorption equilibrium analysis using the Langmuir isotherm model indicated a notable As(V) adsorption capacity of 0.512 mg/g. Hence, we suggest that GO/PVA/Fe3O4 shows promise as an effective material that can effectively remediate heavy metals due to its notable aspects, such as substantial adsorption capacity and rapid adsorption kinetics
Development of quinazoline based ATR inhibitors as targeted therapeutics for ATM-deficient and ATM-proficient cancers
No full textAtaxia telangiectasia and rad3-related (ATR) kinase has recently emerged as a promising drug target for cancer treatment. Targeting ATR kinase, which is the central mediator of replication stress, in cancer provides a significant avenue for its therapy. Many ATR kinase inhibitors are currently lined up in clinical trials, but their progress and development are challenged by severe toxicity in patients. In this work, we attempted to develop a novel quinazoline based ATR inhibitor using a scaffold hopping technique and synthesized a library of compounds. Optimization at the crucial fourth and eighth positions yielded a hit molecule 11. Compound 11 showed promising activity against ATM-deficient and ATM-proficient cell lines in mono- and combination therapy. Compound 11 was also significantly non-toxic in a non-cancerous cell line and shows potential to be taken ahead as a promising pre-clinical candidate
Vanishing of dimensions and nonexistence of spectral triples on compact Vilenkin groups
No full textWe compute the spectral dimension, the dimension of a symmetric random walk, and the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension for compact Vilenkin groups. As a result, we show that these dimensions are zero for any compact, totally disconnected, metrizable topological group. We provide an explicit description of the -groups for compact Vilenkin groups. We express the generators of the -groups in terms of the corresponding matrix coefficients for two specific examples: the group of -adic integers and the -adic Heisenberg group. Finally, we prove the nonexistence of a natural class of spectral triples on the group of -adic integers
Evaluating the Impact of an Extended Orientation Program on First-Year Engineering Students’ Perceptions of Engineering Attributes and Self-efficacy
No full textStudents view engineering as merely applying math and physics. Recent literature emphasizes the importance of skills such as teamwork and environmental responsibility. We designed an extended orientation program for first-year students to enhance their understanding of engineering attributes. This study examined students’ perception of engineering before and after the program, hypothesizing that the program would change their perceptions. Data was collected from first-year engineering students, with 19 students giving data on the Engineering Attribute Scale and 28 students giving data on the Self-Efficacy Scale. Findings show that students rate “Problem Analysis” as the most important attribute, with no significant changes before or after the intervention. We found increased students’ self-efficacy in making presentations and admitting mistakes, while self-efficacy for other engineering tasks remained largely unchanged. The study suggests the need for revising the design of orientation programs and interventions to expand students’ understanding of engineering
Beyond monolingual assumptions: a survey of code-switched NLP in the era of large language models
No full textAqueous two-phase system enabled dual-layered hydrogels with tunable nanoparticle localization�
No full textMediating ecology within the context of Marxist discourse: an inquiry into the Hindi film Sherni
No full textClinical Applications of Targeted Nanomaterials
No full textTargeted nanomaterials are at the forefront of advancements in nanomedicine due to their unique and versatile properties. These include nanoscale size, shape, surface chemistry, mechanical flexibility, fluorescence, optical behavior, magnetic and electronic characteristics, as well as biocompatibility and biodegradability. These attributes enable their application across diverse fields, including drug delivery. This review explores the fundamental characteristics of nanomaterials and emphasizes their importance in clinical applications. It further delves into methodologies for nanoparticle programming alongside discussions on clinical trials and case studies. We discussed some of the promising nanomaterials, such as polymeric nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, and metallic nanoparticles, and their role in biomedical applications. This review underscores significant advancements in translating nanomaterials into clinical applications and highlights the potential of these innovative approaches in revolutionizing the medical field
