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The Design and Use of Questionnaires in Educational Research: A New (Student) Researcher Guide - Interactive Resource
No full textIntroduction:This resource explores the design and use of questionnaires in educational research, focusing on final-year undergraduate and postgraduate students undertaking research projects. The aim is to provide fundamental knowledge for learners to develop research questionnaires for qualitative data collection. Questionnaires are widely used in educational research due to their cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and ability to provide researchers with a large amount of data in a relatively short period of time. However, novice researchers may struggle with designing and operationalizing one
We must critically assess advance care planning and electronic palliative care coordination systems
Get PDFCRISPR screens and quantitative proteomics reveal remodeling of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor–driven proteome through PARP7 activity
Get PDFPARP7 is an enzyme that uses donor substrate NAD+ to attach a single ADP-ribose moiety onto proteins related to immunity, transcription, and cell growth and motility. Despite the importance of PARP7 in these processes, PARP7 signaling networks remain underresearched. Here, we used genome-wide CRISPR screens and multiplex quantitative proteomics in distinct lung cancer cell lines treated with a PARP7 inhibitor to better understand PARP7 molecular functions. We find that manipulating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) transcriptional activity mediates PARP7 inhibitor sensitivity and triggers robust changes to the AHR-controlled proteome (AHR-ome). One of the striking features of such AHR-ome remodeling was the downregulation of filamins A and B concurrent with the induction of the corresponding E3 ubiquitin ligase ASB2. We also show that suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) crosstalks to AHR. Inhibition of PARP7 in SOCS3 knockout cells leads to reduced viability compared to wild-type cells treated with a PARP7 inhibitor. Our results reveal signaling interplay between PARP7, AHR, and SOCS3 and establish an invaluable resource to study the role of PARP7 in the regulation of AHR signaling and innate immunity through its ADP-ribosyl transferase activity
Schools welcome new resources to better understand brain health
Get PDFSchools reopening across Hull and East Yorkshire this week will have even more brain power and be better able to support enquiring minds thanks to an innovative partnership between the University of Hull and a local charity
Social media use by nursing students: professional fitness and balancing opportunities against risks
No full textSocial prescribing in primary care for people living with dementia: a qualitative exploration of different roles and services in England
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Dementia is a global public health challenge with the number of people living with the condition rapidly rising. Social prescribing in primary care has emerged as a person-centred approach connecting individuals with community support. It is increasingly explored for its potential to support people with complex needs, yet its role in dementia care remains uncertain. This study aimed to explore current provision of social prescribing for people living with dementia across England, identifying relevant aspects for dementia care, with particular focus on generic and specialist services. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with regional leads of social prescribing services and social prescribing link workers (SPLWs) across England. Data were analysed using template analysis to identify key themes. RESULTS: Twenty-two participants were interviewed: ten social prescribing regional leads, four generic SPLWs commissioned to work with people aged > 18years, and eight SPLWs working exclusively or partly with a specific adult population. Four themes were identified: family carer engagement key to supporting people living with dementia; service rather than person-centred care; the dominance of dementia in influencing support; and strategies for success: dementia centred social prescribing. Participants identified the central role of family carers in facilitating access to social prescribing, highlighting that carer support was often essential. Generic social prescribing frequently followed a 'service-led' approach, with service constraints negatively influencing interactions. Dementia was often perceived as the dominant support need, potentially marginalising individuals within broader social prescribing services. Despite these challenges, participants with more role flexibility, and/or more experience of dementia, demonstrated a range of successful strategies, illustrating the potential of social prescribing for people living with dementia. CONCLUSION: SPLWs perceive that social prescribing has potential to play a key role in support for people living with dementia and family carers. While its core principles align well with dementia care, our findings suggest a social prescribing model more tailored to the needs of people living with dementia, or additional dementia-specific training for generic SPLWs, may prove more effective. Further research is needed to assess the impact of these approaches, especially for people living with dementia without access to family carers
Using Big Data and AI to Dynamically Predict Flood Risk
Get PDFSituational awareness of flooding events relies on effective flood prediction systems to minimise injury, loss of life, and damage to infrastructure. Classical flood prediction systems rely on either computationally demanding and spatially fixed hydrological model simulations, or expensive networks of remote sensors.Physics-based models can take many hours to run, resulting in predictions made based on outdated data. Being spatially fixed means they are also unable to scale to unknown areas. By modelling the task as an image segmentation problem, an alternative approach using artificial intelligence to approximate the parameters of a physics-based model in 2D is demonstrated. This enables rapid predictions to be made in real-time on live data.Dynamic disaster scenarios result in large volumes of data being generated - particularly so from social media sources, which are often used by people to communicate during natural disasters. Analysing large volumes of data in real-time poses a challenge, as does the problem of labels for training a classifier. A novel model for flood forecasting and monitoring is presented that makes use of semi-supervised contrastive learning. By making use of multimodal inputs (text and images), the severity and locality of a flooding event at a human level can be approximately determined
Introduction: the Thatcher phenomenon
No full textMargaret Thatcher served as the longest continuously serving Prime Minister in modern British politics and achieved iconic status. This chapter shows how she progressed in politics, climbing the greasy pole against political odds, serving as an unspectacular Cabinet minister and Leader of the Opposition, before ascending the steps of 10 Downing Street as the UK's first female prime minister. Her leadership is assessed in terms of purpose, the skills she deployed to deliver on her distinctive eponymous philosophy, and her impact. Though having clear goals, she proved remarkably pragmatic in achieving them. She rose to global prominence, but she fell victim to domestic opposition. The reasons for her fall from power are explored, as is her political activity after leaving Downing Street, pursuing distinct policies with vigour, until ill health took its toll. As Prime Minister, Thatcher, rather than Thatcherism, set the benchmark for subsequent holders of the office
Exploration of NHS Mental Health Fire-Wardens knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours, including, their supervisors’ attitudes, behaviour and positivity levels towards Fire-Wardens.
Get PDFBackground: The risks to life from a fire in a Mental Health NHS Trust are three times more likely to happen due to the nature and risk profile of the Inpatients. This will/may cause concern to staff, Inpatients, and their respective families. Positive, and well developed fire safety arrangements greatly reduce the risk of fire and fire spread, however, these must be supported by effective Supervisors/Managers, and well trained competent Fire Wardens.Legal requirement (Fire): There is a requirement under law, predominantly: ‘Article 15 of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 ((RR (FS) O 2005))’; stating… “Procedures for serious and imminent danger and for danger areas: Article 15.—(1)”: [In part]… “The responsible person must — (a) establish and, where necessary, give effect to appropriate procedures, including safety drills”, and… “(b) nominate a sufficient number of competent persons to implement those procedures”. The need for communication and strong directional leadership at all levels is vital. A ‘can do’ attitude, and positive behavioural conduct is a necessity, and will drive robust fire safety arrangements.Aims and objectives: This research assesses the legal requirements for fire safe-sites to be managed, including the competency and knowledge of Fire Wardens and their attitudes and behaviours within an NHS Mental Health Trust. It also explores why it is difficult to recruit, train, and maintain the competence of Fire Wardens and, how this may affect the sites’ fire safety arrangements. Furthermore, it assesses the Supervisors/Managers attitudes and behaviours on-site, and their constructive positivity levels towards the Fire Wardens, including, how good communication and strong leadership has a direct impact on site safety. Study design and methods: A ‘Mixed-Methods Approach’, was utilised incorporating the Health and Safety Executives’ (HSE) ‘Plan, Do, Check and Act’ (PDCA) approach, to give the research structure. Data collection was conducted on: (N) 10 inpatient Mental Health sites to review the role of Fire Wardens and their impact on safe-sites. Non-random convenience sampling was used for the study groups (n) 2 comprising of: 2 Fire Wardens and 1 Supervisor/Manager per site. Fire Warden competency, knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, and Supervisors/Managers’ positivity, attitudes and behaviours towards the role of Fire Warden were explored, using semi-structured interviews over a period of 5 weeks.Data was collected, categorised and then analysed. Any objectives utilised must always adhere to; ‘Specific, Measured, Achievable, Realistic/Relevant and Time-bound’ (SMART) working methods whenever possible, in all processes, creating efficiency and brevity.Findings/results: The findings demonstrated a ‘Combined Operational and Administrative knowledge’ score for Fire Wardens of 78.85% with a ‘Combined attitudes and behaviours’ score of 76.75%. The ‘Positivity and Constructiveness’ scoring for Supervisors/Managers relating to; recruitment, retention, maintenance of Fire Wardens competence was 62.20%. The ‘Supervisors/Managers Combined Attitudes and Behaviours’ scored 68%, a significant 8.75% difference between Supervisor/Managers and Fire Wardens, as the Fire Wardens ‘Combined Attitudes and Behaviours’ scored 76.75%. Benchmarking high performing sites, performing Supervisors/Managers, and Fire Wardens can be utilised and maximised as a leading indicator, and an investigation to obtain ‘best practice’ optimised to drive safer sites.Practical implications: All recommendations will be presented to the Trust and will inform on; recruitment, competence and retention of Fire Wardens, with the aim of increasing the effectiveness and impact of the role, improving site safety overall
Contemporary Hospice Architecture in England: Examining Homeliness and Homelike Design in Hospice Spaces
Get PDFThis thesis advances geographical and architectural understandings of the hospice by critically examining homelike design and experiences of home in hospices in England. Hospices support patients with life-limiting conditions, their families and carers. While advocacy for homelike hospice design is shown to be commonplace in academic literature, policy documents and architectural briefs, diverse interpretations, connotations and designs of home are rarely addressed, leaving the unanswered question of whose home is being emulated in palliative care settings with associated implications for inclusivity.This study explores these issues using an interdisciplinary methodology, combining approaches from human geography, architectural history and applied health. The architecture and design of a representative sample of 10 adult, inpatient hospices was examined through site visits and primary document analysis. Ethnographic field work followed in two contrasting hospices, exploring perceptions and experiences of patients (12), family members (7), staff (26) and volunteers (4) through non-participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus groups.The study found that homelike hospice design across England overwhelmingly reflects the homes of wealthier and majority-ethnic populations, including stately homes, suburban houses with gardens, and influences from hotel/spa design. Hospice buildings and surroundings are shown to substantially impact perceptions of hospice care and who it is for, raising further questions around the inclusivity of homelike design and potential contributions to documented inequity of access to hospice care.Ethnographic findings revealed disparities of experience, with homemaking practices not universally desired, engaged with, or possible for all hospice users. While some participants saw homelike design facilitating effective palliative care, it was commonly viewed as impractical, inappropriate or impossible to achieve.Evidence-based policy and practice recommendations are presented for inclusive approaches to hospice architecture and design, and directions explored for developing much-needed official UK hospice design guidance. Hospice design should facilitate flexibility and choice rather than imposing homelike experiences or aesthetics