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Explainable Deep Learning Approach for High Impedance Fault Localization in Resonant Distribution Networks Considering Quantization Noise
Get PDFIn addressing the quantization noise challenge in high impedance fault (HIF) localization within resonant distribution networks, we propose a cutting-edge, explainable deep learning approach that significantly advances existing methods. This approach utilizes differential zero-sequence voltage (DZSV) and zero-sequence current (ZSC) and introduces a novel “Vague” classification to improve localization accuracy by effectively managing quantization noise-distorted signals. This approach extends beyond the conventional binary classification of “Fault” and “Sound,” incorporating a multi-scale feature attention (MFA) mechanism for enriched internal explainability and applying gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) to visualize critical input areas precisely. Our model, validated in an industrial prototype, exhibits unparalleled adaptability across various environmental conditions, including environmental noise, variable sampling rates, and triggering deviations. Comparative analysis reveals that our approach outperforms existing methods in managing diverse fault scenarios
Diurnal and nocturnal habitat use and foraging behaviour of waders
Get PDFEstuaries are key overwintering site for waders but the habitats that they rely on in these areas are threatened by sea-level rise and development. Understanding how waders use intertidal and adjacent supratidal habitats of estuarine landscapes is critical for ensuring their effective conservation but knowledge gaps remain, particularly relating to the use of supratidal habitats. There are also substantial unknowns about the nocturnal behaviour of overwintering waders, and this could result in conservation and mitigation projects not fully meeting the needs of the waders that they aim to protect.This project used a combination of diurnal and nocturnal surveys, conducted using thermal imaging and infrared night-vision, to investigate the use of intertidal and supratidal habitats by waders during the night and day (Chapter 2). This highlighted that diurnal and nocturnal behaviours showed substantial differences in many species, with crucial conservation implications relating to differing habitat use between the two periods. Investigation of a broad range of abiotic and biotic factors on habitat use by waders identified differences and behavioural adaptations in response to many of these, including weather conditions, artificial light, and anthropogenic disturbance (Chapter 3). Quantitative comparisons of the foraging behaviours of three species were then compared to assess how these differed between the day and night and in response to weather variables (Chapter 4). These comparisons detected many differences between diurnal and nocturnal foraging behaviour and in response to weather variables, with waders exhibiting a high degree of adaptability, but this flexibility appeared to be limited after dark. Chapter 5 then built upon the assessment of nocturnal foraging behaviour by investigating the influence of nocturnal variables, most importantly, artificial light, on nocturnal foraging strategies. Light at night was found to reverse many of the differences between diurnal and nocturnal behaviour, facilitating a visual foraging strategy which led to significantly higher intake rates for waders who adapted accordingly.This thesis provides extensive evidence for the importance of considering both diurnal and nocturnal behaviours of overwintering waders. It should not be assumed that waders will respond to environmental and habitat changes in the same way during both the day and night, and their effective conservation may rely upon monitoring their behaviour throughout the 24- hour cycle
From clinical in-vivo CT scanners to MicroFinite Element Simulations
Get PDFFinite element (FE) models from living anatomical structures to produce patient-specific models offer improved diagnosis, precision pre-op planning for surgeries, and reliable biofidelic stress loading analysis. These models require the use of clinical scanners that are safe to use in-vivo but offer relatively lower resolution than in-vitro micro-CT ones. To capitalise on the clinical advantages, this route offers certain technical challenges which must be ironed out to derive a reliable validated route from scanning to in silico modelling. In the present study, sheep vertebrae were used to create biofidelic phantoms for scanning by using one of the latest technology high-resolution (300 micron) clinical standing scanners (HiRise, Curvebeam). Geometric information was used to produce FEA models (Abaqus/CAE), which were then validated under compression loading in the lab. The main challenges had to do first with reading and converting the scan data from voxels to material property assignment for each FE element, which was performed by using a number of different conversion equations from the literature, and second, to a lesser degree, with the minor challenges of seeking convergence and refining the boundary conditions. The fit between the model and the experimental results was best for two equations from the literature, while others were less reliable. The selection of the most suitable and universally applicable material conversion equation is significant because it can streamline the route to produce scanner to computer patient-specific models, and make these widely available and ultimately more easily immediately obtainable post-scans. Some known clinical examples highlight the potential use of this methodology for situations where loading and unloading configurations are equally challenging for modelling (i.e., standing CT scans of feet), and this paper discusses the importance of the approach for such examples. Unlike previous studies using micro-CT or non-clinical setups, this work validates a real-time, weight-bearing CT-based workflow for biomechanically consistent finite element modelling
University-Industry Collaboration for Academic Success and Employability: A Connectivist Perspective
Get PDFDespite the widespread recognition of university-industry collaboration benefits, a significant research gap exists in understanding the lived experiences of both students and industry practitioners regarding the effectiveness of feedback mechanisms and sustained employability development. Higher education institutions (HEIs) face growing pressure to equip graduates with industry-relevant skills to prepare them for the workforce. In marketing, where industry demands shift rapidly, university-industry collaborations can help enhance student engagement, academic performance, and employability. This study applies Connectivism Theory to examine how real-world industry engagement shapes students’ learning experiences. The research employed a qualitative approach, conducting three in-depth focus groups with marketing students and 16 structured interviews with expert industry guest speakers. Key findings revealed that students strongly valued hands-on experiences with industry-standard tools like Google Analytics and SEMrush, while advocating for more structured career preparation activities, including CV building and portfolio development. Industry speakers emphasized their role as knowledge facilitators but identified significant challenges, including time constraints, content alignment difficulties, and lack of interactive engagement opportunities. Both groups highlighted critical gaps in feedback mechanisms and called for more structured mentorship programs. Our study recommends strengthening partnerships through structured feedback loops, expanded mentorship, and industry-aligned education and certifications
Brain Health Board and Supporting Resources
Get PDFThis resource may be used alongside the Brain Health Board when talking about, reflecting upon, or teaching aspects of brain health and mental wellness. At the end of the resource, educators will find additional reading materials to support professional knowledge and understanding. The additional knowledge may not be at the appropriate level for children and young people, but will support professional staff to have knowledge and confidence to discuss the 14 wellness aspects with young people
Navigating Destabilisation: Experiences of homelessness, health, and belonging in trans people’s lives
Get PDFBackground:Trans people in the UK experience a disproportionate level of homelessness compared to the general population, with one third of trans people experiencing homelessness during their life. Most current data in this area is quantitative and primarily based in the United States. There is a notable lack of homeless health research that focuses on the voices and lived experiences of trans people in the UK.AimThis study explores how homelessness, health, and being trans interconnect within the contemporary UK context.MethodsGrounded in narrative inquiry, this study employed timeline mapping and object elicitation techniques alongside in-depth qualitative interviews. Between September 2021 and October 2022, interviews were conducted with 17 participants, focusing on their experiences of homelessness, gender transition, and health. Additionally, knowledge exchange was integrated into the research dissemination process, with 11 of the 17 participants contributing to a national exhibition showcasing the personal objects they shared in the context of object elicitation.FindingsThe interconnections between health, trans identity, and homelessness emerged in three key themes: internal and external destabilisation, fostering belonging and interweaving health experiences. Internal destabilisation was tied to the challenges of navigating a trans identity in relation to others, whilst external destabilisation related to environmental instability and the insecurity of housing. Fostering belonging was often described in the contexts of feeling supported, affirmative connections, placemaking and identity. Interweaving health experiences included narratives of unmet needs and participants making sense of their health. All of these experiences had a temporal dimension, with participants frequently reflecting on time as a critical element of their journeys.ConclusionTrans people who have experienced homelessness face both internal and external forms of destabilisation which hinder their ability to establish a sense of belonging. These struggles, combined with the health challenges of the general homeless populations, exacerbate the negative health risks they encounter
Legislation and the Law: An Imperfect Relationship
No full textLegislatures enact laws, but the relationship between what the legislature passes (legislation) and how it is applied (law) is imperfect in that the application of the law may differ from what the legislation is designed to achieve. Legislation enacted by Parliament may never be brought into effect or may be given effect in a manner that deviates from the purpose for which it was enacted. Uncommenced legislation is a significant, but much under-studied, dimension of law, styled as “law, but not law”. Law interpreted or applied at variance with the legislation fails to meet the criteria of good law, but the extent to which it falls short of what it is designed to achieve is largely unexamined on any systematic basis. Introducing provision for post-legislative scrutiny provides a means for determining whether legislation is fulfilling what it is intended to achieve and may identify the need for corrective action. The challenge to legislatures is in embedding the means for such scrutiny and in effect completing a legislative feedback loop
Resolving the Hubble Tension Using Differential Age, Cosmic Chronometry, and Machine Learning Techniques
Get PDFWe present a machine learning based pipeline for the identification and age dating of cosmic chronometers in order to calculate the Hubble parameter () and constrain the Hubble constant 0 using the differential age-redshift relation. This is with the goal of minimising the Hubble tension by using a method that is not dependent on the uncertainties associated with late Universe measurements of the distance ladder whilst avoiding the model uncertainties associated with early Universe methods. The pipeline predicts ages of galaxies in the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey using a physically motivated artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN consists of four hidden layers with an input layer that takes 14 equivalent widths from GAMA as input features. It is trained using GAMA median mass-weighted ages generated from the spectral energy distribution fitting software MagPhys in order to make predictions of galaxy age. The ANN is able to produce ages with a mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and 2 score of = 0.020, = 0.108 and 2 = 0.530 respectively. Cosmic chronometers are identified with a combined convolutional autoencoder (CAE) and K-means clustering method. The CAE takes the photometric −band images and produces loss values that the clustering algorithm uses in combination with − and − colours as the basis to classify galaxies as cosmic chronometers. Our K-means algorithm successfully classifies cosmic chronometers from normal galaxies with an accuracy, precision and recall of 0.819, 0.816, and 0.824 respectively. Finally, we evaluate the pipeline by calculating () and 0 using the results of the previous methods. Our final value of ( = 0.19) = 71.65 ± 49.46kms−1Mpc−1 whereas a less strict sample of CCs yields ( = 0.18) = 84.66 ± 55.7kms−1Mpc−1 which are in agreement with both early and late measurements with the caverat that there are large uncertainties associated with the measurements which we thoroughly discuss and evaluate
Modern Slavery in Global Context: Human Rights, Law, and Society
No full textThis thought-provoking collection brings together academics from a range of disciplines to examine modern slavery. It illustrates how different disciplinary positions, methodologies and perspectives form and clash together through a kaleidoscopic view to contribute a unique insight into critical modern slavery studies. Providing a platform to critique the legal, ideological and political responses to the issue, experts interrogate the construct of modern slavery and the anti-trafficking discourse which have dominated contemporary responses to and understandings of exploitation. Drawing on a range of global real-world examples, this is a vital contribution to the study of modern slavery
Unseen labour: The hidden work of treatment decision-making in people living with rheumatoid arthritis
Get PDFNavigating treatment decisions for people living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is highly intricate and demanding. Whilst the advent of novel therapies and sophisticated treatment strategies have transformed the landscape for managing RA, it has added a new layer of complexity for people making decisions about their own care. This thesis argues that treatment decision-making for people living with RA is more complex than it may initially appear. It proposes that treatment decisions are influenced by power relations, ingrained gender assumptions, and hierarchies embedded in routine healthcare practices and policies, many of which are hidden or taken-for-granted.Drawing on a feminist poststructuralist framework, this study examines how people living with RA make treatment decisions. A qualitative approach was used to explore the factors which shape treatment decision-making for people living with RA and clinicians involved in their care. A total of 134 members of the public living with RA in the UK completed an anonymous qualitative online survey and 14 participated in semi-structured interviews. Fifteen rheumatology clinicians working in the UK completed a separate anonymous qualitative online survey.Reflexive thematic analysis revealed the extensive, often unseen, and for many, daily work that people living with RA undertake when making treatment decisions. This was conceptualised as ‘treatment decisional work’ comprising interconnected forms of biographical, knowledge, and relational work.This study also revealed that treatment decision-making by people living with RA is influenced by discursive practices, identity negotiations, and structural inequalities that are frequently overlooked and taken-for-granted. These conditions exposed individuals to forms of epistemic injustice where their knowledge and lived expertise was marginalised.By highlighting the unseen labour involved in treatment decision-making, this study contributes to the understanding not only of the burden of treatment for people living with RA, but the burden of treatment decision-making itself. In doing so, it challenges current treatment decision-making models that often overlook the complex lived experiences of RA. It calls for care practices that are rooted in epistemic reciprocity, where the knowledge of people living with RA is recognised as valid and essential to collaborative person-centred care