Advanced Journal of Graduate Research
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Ketamine-induced Changes in Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Pre-hospital Intubated Patients
Get PDFWhen a patient experiences trauma, pre-hospital rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is often the course of action. While RSI is associated with favorable neurological outcomes among traumatic brain injury patients, it also carries the risk of increased hypotension and bradycardia. Ketamine is a fast-acting anesthetic agent used in RSI, attractive due to its ability to raise heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) and thus potentially lessening the severity of RSI-related hypotension and bradycardia. However, research in support of its use is inconclusive, with different studies reporting increases or decreases in BP and HR after ketamine administration. To study the effect of ketamine on HR and BP during RSI, we analyzed the data obtained from 1,516 patients who received trauma and non-trauma medical care including RSI from first responders and emergency personnel using two different statistical methods. We determined if there was any association between the vital signs prior to administration of ketamine and outcomes such as bradycardia and/or hypotension post-ketamine administration in patients undergoing RSI. We found that the vital signs prior to administration of ketamine (i.e. BP and HR) predict the development of bradycardia and/or hypotension in patients undergoing RSI and the relationship between baseline vital signs and the development of bradycardia and/or hypotension is moderated by the dose of ketamine. Results obtained from this study may help responders and emergency care personnel to identify the patients that are likely to benefit from ketamine as an anesthetic agent
Density Functional Theory Calculation of Band Gap of Iron (II) disulfide and Tellurium
Get PDFIn this work, the band gap of Iron(II) disulfide and Tellurium were computed using the density functional theory with different meta-GGA functionals. The results showed that the meta-GGA functional M06L gave the closest value of the band gap as 0.96 eV compared to the experimental value of 0.95 eV for Iron(II) disulfide while the meta-GGA functional BJ06 gave the closest value of the band gap as 0.339 eV compared to the experimental value of 0.335 eV for Tellurium. This study showed that the meta-GGA functionals M06L and BJ06 can effectively predict the band gap of Iron(II)disulfide and Tellurium. In general, the use of meta-GGA functionals can be extended to compute the band gap of other semiconductors
Use of Magnetic Forces in Orthodontics: A Review
Get PDFThe application of magnetic forces to clear aligner therapy would create a magnetic force interaction that can theoretically make the movement of teeth in any direction possible and easier. With this objective in mind the following section of this literature review deals with the use of clear thermoplastics in orthodontics. The current literature regarding the efficacy of the appliance is examined to highlight the need for enhancement of this system
Orthodontic Appliances and Esthetics
Get PDFFacial attractiveness plays a key role in orthodontic treatment. The esthetics of a patient may be hindered by wearing of orthodontic appliances. Recently, the orthodontic market has experienced phenomenal growth in the development and production of orthodontic appliances that are designed to appeal to the patient consumer. Traditionally, the options for bracket style or appliance design were considerably limited for both the patient and provider. However, a shifting paradigm toward dental esthetics, increased demand for orthodontic treatment, consumer driven desire of esthetic treatment alternatives, and a competitive orthodontic industry and profession have all contributed to the development and production of alternative orthodontic appliances and new bracket styles. Orthodontic patients and practitioners are now presented with a variety of treatment options previously unavailable. Just as each orthodontic appliance is unique in its esthetic qualities, each also has biomechanical benefits and potential limitations. For a practitioner providing bracket options for patients, selecting which bracket to offer becomes a function of both esthetics and functionality, the one will be esthetically acceptable to the patient and clinically efficient for the doctor. Though many studies have sought to compare and quantify the clinical efficiency of bracket systems, few studies have investigated the patient perception of appliance esthetics. This review discusses various aspects of orthodontic appliances relating to the esthetics of an individual
Lead Poisoning: Awareness in Medical and Non-Medical Population of Karachi
Get PDFoai:ojs2.journals.aijr.org:article/86Lead is a heavy element, also termed as nerve poison. Lead interferes with a variety of body processes and is toxic to many organs and tissues, including the central nervous system. The purpose of this study is to evaluate awareness regarding lead poisoning, factors that cause lead poisoning, symptoms, effect on enzymes, treatment and preventive measure that can be adopted to reduce lead poisoning in our population. It is a descriptive cross sectional survey based study consisting of 300 individuals comprising of 100 medical professionals and 200 laypersons (100 from Literate and 100 from Illiterate Population). The study was carried out from different locations in Karachi and answers were recorded as open and close ended. Our study showed that 95% medical professionals, 53% Literate layperson whereas only 29% Illiterate layperson were aware about lead poisoning. 38% Literate, 27% Illiterate and 54% medical professional knew about the sources of lead poisoning. 82% medical professionals, 17% Literate laypersons were aware about pharmacological intervention and there was no awareness among Illiterate Population