International Annals of Science
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Physics for Surgeons - Part 4: Energy Devices in Surgery
Get PDFModern surgery has advanced astoundingly in the last century owing to the advent of number of energy devices in the operation room. Surgeon in the past were only using electric current –monopolar diathermy to burn and couterize the tissue, the present day surgeons are equiped with a number of more advanced energy devices e.g. LASER, ultrasonic vibrating shears, radiofrequency, shockwaves, argon beam coagulator and advanced bipolar electric energy with hybrid systems and light energy of different wavelengths. In the present paper, we have explained the physical principles involved in the commonly used energy devices in the operation theatre
The 14-3-3 (YWHA) Proteins in Mammalian Reproduction
Get PDFThe 14-3-3 (YWHA or Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/Tryptophan 5-Monooxygenase Activation protein) is an acidic and homologous protein family involved in regulation of key biological events including cell cycle, signal transduction and development. They are highly conserved and are expressed ubiquitously across a wide variety of species ranging from plants to animals. Seven isoforms of 14-3-3 exist in mammals, which are encoded by separate genes, have tissue-specific, developmental stage-specific as well as isoform-specific presence and consequences. It is known that these proteins play significant roles in mitosis of mammalian cells and meiosis of amphibians. However, their effects on development and functioning of mammalian gonads and germ cells are not entirely delineated. This paper, for the first time, provides a comprehensive review of the comparative expression, localization/distribution, binding interactions, and importance of the 14-3-3 proteins in gametogenesis and reproduction among multiple female and male mammalian species. Thorough understanding of these proteins in oogenesis and spermatogenesis would help elucidate the physiological basis of fertility in mammals, including humans
COVID-19 Pandemic and Research Publications; Necessity of Maintaining Scientific Integrity
Get PDFSince the COVID-19 outbreak began in China, scientists and health professionals have rushed to understand and mitigate the threat, however, its root cause, spreading characteristic, effective way to control as well as therapeutical approaches are still a mystery and matter of scientific debate. In an effort to fight against this disease scientists also rushed for a global collaborative approach by sharing their findings so that others can use known information. In view of such emergency scientific journals took steps to expedite the peer review process for coronavirus-related manuscripts which poses another challenge of scientific integrity. Community attention on integrity brought another concern where many authors argue against the idea of peer-review exception which compromises high standard for quality in the name of crisis situations. In the space of eight months, the research community’s response to COVID-19 gives rise to a large volume of paper submission which required rigorous reviewing and of course huge amount of time however, it’s also time which demands fastest publication of the latest finding. To balance in scientific integrity of scholarly journal as well as crisis demand to expedite dissemination of known knowledge, AIJR took a unique approach for COVID-19 related manuscript submission to Int. Ann. Sci. only through AIJR preprints invitation. In this approach author shall post COVID-19 related articles to AIJR Preprints and if it seems suitable for further peer-reviewing, author will get invited to submit to Int. Ann Sci. otherwise author will be advised to improve the article with an updated version. In this way the latest finding can get disseminated immediately as a preprint and after submission to the journal it can undergo standard reviewing process to maintain the scientific integrity. Although invitation through preprints serves both purpose of fastest dissemination and the journal can maintain scientific integrity, preprint may have its own risk for sharing non-reviewed version which may include dishonest findings. The only way to make preprints a great place for accelerated publishing and minimize associated risk of sharing non-reviewed findings is that the authors, readers, and most importantly media reporters act in a vigilant manner by following the sharing responsibility and guidelines adhering to the highest ethical standards
Facial Palsy and Contemporary Reanimation Surgery: A Short Review
Get PDFThe primary purpose of this mini-review article is to introduce modern issues of reanimation surgeries in patients with facial palsies. Modern methods of reanimation surgeries are discussed for mentioning patients` benefits, and their more satisfactions and hopeful horizons for the future of such cases with facial palsies. Facial paralysis, associated to implementing new reanimation surgery techniques, is presenting new advanced methods of facial nerve palsy reforms, through reanimation surgeries. Facial palsy, which occur by a diversity of reasons, need to be evaluated for their etiologies and prepare a proper surgical plan for their reconstructions. Stroke, trauma, congenital, neoplasia, neurological, immunological, viral infections, and psychological reasons, are some potential causes of patients with facial palsies. Brief reviews were done, based on recent evidences` results in reanimation surgery practices. Due to any of above cited reasons, patients with facial palsies get physically and mentally disturbed and are willing to search ways, for solving their facial distressing problems. Consequently, mentioned patients are eagerly searching means to receive new available promotions to improve their facial palsies. In concluding, patients who undergo reanimation surgeries, if good results of their operations obtained, they will be motivated in gaining self-confidence, self-care, self-respect and therefore getting a cumulative their effective social bond, and raising their quality of life, after reanimation operations.
Dengue Reemergence: The Challenges Ahead
Get PDFThe global expansion of competent Dengue vectors in tropical and sub-tropical areas, and the favorable conditions for disease transmission demonstrates a critical public health challenge ahead. This review provides an insight into some key underlying gaps while attempting to suggest alternatives towards the containment and hence eradication of Dengue. The non-existence of an efficient vaccine against all DENV serotypes and the rapid global emergence of COVID-19, are undermining the complexities of vaccine development and disrupting global health efforts for the management of Dengue respectively. The development of sustainable DENV control programs now requires a multifaceted approach involving the integration of the recently developed multi-platforms application in entomological surveillance, community awareness, modelling, vaccination, vector control, and also ensuring that Dengue control efforts are not hampered or neglected during COVID-19 pandemic. This approach requires active collaboration and communication of scientists from various disciplines, economic support from funding agencies and institutions as well as support from the communities, governments and public health organizations
Larvicidal Activity of Inorganic Salts Against Anopheles Stephensi and Culex Quinquefasciatus
Get PDFMosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths worldwide every year and the development of resistance to chemical insecticides resulting in rebounding vectorial capacity. In this study, the larvicidal bioassays for activities of aqueous solutions of weak acid [(NH4)2SO4 and NaH2PO4] and weak base (Na2CO3 and NaHCO3) inorganic salts against late instar larvae of disease vectors Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus were carried out under laboratory settings. The four inorganic salts showed varied levels of larvicidal activities after 24 h-exposure on Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae in a dose-dependent fashion. However, the larvicidal activities were relatively higher in Na2CO3 (LC50 = 3162 and 447 ppm) and NaHCO3 (LC50 = 5623 and 398 ppm) solutions as compared to those in (NH4)2SO4 (LC50 = 7943 and 1995 ppm) and NaH2PO4 (LC50 = 7943 and 7120 ppm). The present study showed that the inorganic salts Na2CO3, NaHCO3, (NH4)2SO4 and NaH2PO4 could serve as potential larviciding agents considering their low toxicity. Therefore, this study provides a first report on the larvicidal activity of the inorganic salts on mosquito larvae of disease vectors
Technical Approach to Local Therapy in Ischemic Stroke
Get PDFLocal therapy is an increasingly achievable alternative for neurological diseases such as stroke. For its use to be a reality, it is still necessary to develop techniques that facilitate its administration and maximize its effect. In this short communication, we present a technique of intracerebral therapy administration. This procedure requires the use a navigation-guided stereotactic surgical technique to inject the treatment into the therapeutic target, even in areas that are difficult to access or extremely large. Such a method is not only fast and feasible, but it can be a standardized technique for multicentre clinical trials
Assessment of Water Quality Index and Irrigation Indices in Ese Odo Area of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigerian
Get PDFAn assessment of the ground water quality was carried out in Ese Odo local government area of Ondo State, southwestern Nigeria. The study was aimed at examining the various samples of ground water and the quality of the ground water as it relates to drinking and irrigation purposes. Forty-Five ground water samples were taken from boreholes and open wells and analyzed for physical, chemical and biological properties. The results were compared with World Health Organization standards. The usefulness of these parameters in predicting ground water quality characteristics were studied and water quality index was determined from these parameters. In assessing the water for irrigation uses, indices such as percent (%Na), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), Kelly’s ratio (KR), magnesium ratio (MR), equivalent salinity concentration (ESC) and Wilcox plot were used. The result obtained shows that the water studied has a mean value of 2.8 NTU for turbidity, 7.3 for pH, 294 μS/cm for electrical conductivity, 52mg/L for total dissolved solids, temperature 28.3°C, total hardness 41 mg/L, chloride 38.3 mg/L, calcium 15.8 mg/L, 5.64 mg/L for magnesium, nitrate 1.47mg/L, sulphate 51.7 mg/L, bicarbonate 15mg/L. Zinc, iron, manganese have mean values less than 1mg/L. The results indicated all the physicochemical parameters are within the recommended levels set by World Health Organization (WHO). Although traces of heavy metal and mineral oil contaminations are observed some of the samples. All the samples are plotted on the “Excellent irrigation class” of Wilcox plot with good/excellent irrigation indices. Consequently, the groundwater in the study area is good and suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes
Semen Analysis and Morphological Study of Two Subsequent Generations of Dietary Protein Deficient Sprague Dawley Rats
Get PDFAdequate supply of dietary protein in regular diet is an important element of a proper nutritional status as it functions in the regulation of metabolic profiles signaling the reproductive axis. Reports have highlighted the association of the amount of protein in the diet to the functioning of hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis, however its intragenerational effects are yet to be adequately explored. The study aims to analyze the effect of protein deficient diet on parameters associated with male infertility from one generation to another. Female rats in four (4) groups (n=10) were fed different ration of protein in their diet (PD) as formulated: 21%PD, 10%PD, 5%PD and control diet (rat chow), through gestation and lactation to first and second generations, while the male offspring sustained on the maternal diet after weaning were used for analysis. Sperm morphology and motility were evaluated using a light microscope and a computer-assisted semen analysis. The percentage of motile spermatozoa, morphological characteristics and histology in the deficient groups (5%, 10%PD) appeared normal as compared to control in the first generation, showing an adaptive response while second generation was presented with significantly altered fertility parameters of the male offspring. It is suggested that in a deficiency status especially at the critical phase of development, certain deleterious effects which may be adaptive or phenotypic can serve to reduce the fertility efficiency in the male offspring at both F1 and F2- generation
Effective and Efficient LDA+ELM Model for Supervised Classification of Brain Tumor Types Using 2D MRI Scans
Get PDFApplication of machine learning in multiclass classification of brain tumor types has contributed to the development of computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system that can potentially enhance accuracy and speed up diagnosis of the disease. LDA+ELM model with different activation functions were investigated to achieve the optimum performances in terms of accuracy, Kappa statistic, sensitivity, precision, F-measure, training time and test time. We also proposed a user-friendly GUI in characterizing brain tumor types using MR images. First, a total of 3064 slices of CE T1-weighted brain MR images with ground truth were downloaded from a free online database. The manually segmented tumor region was augmented and then undergo several feature extraction techniques. All the feature descriptors obtained were then concatenated, followed by LDA dimensionality approach. Performance of different number of LDA features and ELM activation functions were investigated by repeated training and test. The ELM output of training data for each class was used to fit GMM and these probabilistic models used to estimate posterior probabilities of test data. LDA+ELM model with 5 LDA feature input, utilizing sigmoid function as hidden nodes activation functions achieves the best generalization performance with accuracy of 98.92% and corresponding F-scores for meningioma, glioma and pituitary tumor of 97.81%, 99.1% and 99.5% respectively. The proposed method (LDA+ELM) model performs better compared to other previous works using the same dataset and performing the same classification task