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Photon Multiplicity Distributions at Heavy Ion Au+Au, Pb+Au, Pb+Pb Interactions
Get PDFThe experimental distributions for Heavy ion interaction, Au+Au, Pb+Au, Pb+Pb have been fitted to polynomial fit of 4th order to look at minor differences in multiplicity distributions for different targets at heavy ion collisions experiment. The multiplicity distributions found similar; except for small differences which may be of statistical in nature. This analysis supports the hypothesis that geometrical aspects play a dominant role in particle production in heavy ion interactions
Peer Review; Critical Process of a Scholarly Publication
Get PDFThe quality of an article is a critical parameter for the success of any scholarly journal, and the Journal of Modern Materials (JMM) is no exception. Peer review process presents a barrier prior to publication which acts as a quality control filter in science. Typically, the journal editor assigns submitted paper to two or more qualified peers – recognized experts in the relevant field. The reviewers will then submit detailed criticism of the paper along with a recommendation to reject, accept with major revisions, accept with minor revisions, or accept as it is. The quality and consistency of peer review will be the key success for the Journal of Modern Materials
Lead Poisoning: Awareness in Medical and Non-Medical Population of Karachi
Get PDFLead is a heavy element, also termed as nerve poison. Lead interferes with a variety of body processes and is toxic to many organs and tissues, including the central nervous system. The purpose of this study is to evaluate awareness regarding lead poisoning, factors that cause lead poisoning, symptoms, effect on enzymes, treatment and preventive measure that can be adopted to reduce lead poisoning in our population. It is a descriptive cross sectional survey based study consisting of 300 individuals comprising of 100 medical professionals and 200 laypersons (100 from Literate and 100 from Illiterate Population). The study was carried out from different locations in Karachi and answers were recorded as open and close ended. Our study showed that 95% medical professionals, 53% Literate layperson whereas only 29% Illiterate layperson were aware about lead poisoning. 38% Literate, 27% Illiterate and 54% medical professional knew about the sources of lead poisoning. 82% medical professionals, 17% Literate laypersons were aware about pharmacological intervention and there was no awareness among Illiterate Population
Low Temperature Combustion Processed Stable Al Doped ZnO Thin Film Transistor: Process Extendable up to Flexible Devices
Get PDFWe report combustion synthesis of polycrystalline Aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) at low temperature for next generation low cost, flexible thin film transistor (TFT) application. Solution processed AZO thin film has been characterized by X ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy to confirm crystallinity. In this research work TFT with solution processed AZO as channel layer has been fabricated on both rigid and flexible substrate which exhibits excellent electrical stability and improved field effect mobility of 1.2 cm2V-1S-1, threshold voltage of 15 V and on-off ratio of 106 as compared to pure ZnO based TFT. All the measurements have been carried out with varying Al concentration. Moreover, variation in defect density of AZO with Al concentration which essentially causes significant change in TFT’s performance is demonstrated by chemical composition and bonding state analysis using XPS. Our results suggest that low temperature solution processed AZO TFTs have a potential for low cost, flexible and transparent electronic applications
Laser Irradiation Effect on the Optical Band Gap of Se96-xTe4Hgx Thin Films
Get PDFThe effect of laser irradiation on the optical band gap of Se96-xTe4Hgx thin films has been studied. Thin films of thickness 300 nm have been deposited on glass substrate by using thermal evaporation technique. The result shows that irradiation causes a red shift in the absorption edge and hence optical band gap decreases with increasing irradiation time. The results have been analyzed on the basis of laser irradiation-induced defects in the film. Furthermore, optical band gap has found to decrease by increasing mercury concentration and optical band gap decreases rapidly with a higher concentration of mercury
Synthesis, Degradation, Biocompatibility and Drug Release Studies of Bis 2-Hydroxy Ethyl Terephthalate-based Poly (Mannitol-Citric-Sebacate) Ester
Get PDFBis 2-Hydroxy Ethyl Terephthalate-based biodegradable poly(mannitol-citric-sebacate) has been synthesized by catalyst-free melt condensation process using two different diacids and Bis 2-Hydroxy Ethyl Terephthalate with D-mannitol as monomers having a potential to be metabolized in vivo. The biocompatibility of the polymer, Bis 2-Hydroxy Ethyl Terephthalate-poly(mannitol-citric-sebacate) has been tested using human primary stromal cells. In vitro degradation of Bis 2-Hydroxy Ethyl Terephthalate-poly(mannitol-citric-sebacate) polymer in Phosphate Buffered Saline solution carried out at physiological conditions indicates that the degradation goes to completion after 23 days. The usage of Bis 2-Hydroxy Ethyl Terephthalate-poly(mannitol-citric-sebacate) polymer as a drug carrier has been analyzed by doping the polymer with Doxorubicin model drug and the release rate has been studied by mass loss over time. The cumulative drug-release profiles exhibit a biphasic release with an initial burst release and cumulative 100 percent release within 14 days
Effect of Gradual Variation of Metal Composition on Stresses Generated in Weld Interfaces
Get PDFDissimilar metal joints formed by conventional welding creates residual stress at the interface and leads to an earlier failure than expected. The conventional methods are rapidly being replaced by advanced techniques, such as transition layer grading. This kind of transition grading aims to form the welding component akin to functionally graded material. The present paper aims to analyze different stress concentration conditions by varying temperatures, loads, and the number of transition layers. The material in the weld zone varied linearly when the number of layers was increased, which is analogous to functionally graded materials. The finite element model of a dissimilar metal welded pipe was simulated using ANSYS Workbench 14.5. Based on the executed simulations, it was observed that residual stress at the weld interface decreased as the number of layers increased up to a certain critical number of graded layers. Furthermore, negligible effect on stress reduction has been observed beyond this critical number of graded layers
Laser Irradiation Effect on the Optical Band Gap of Se-Te-Al Thin Films
Get PDFLaser irradiation effect on the optical band gap of Se-Te-Al thin films has been studied. Optical data Analysis of thin films indicates indirect allowed transition in the Se-Te-Al system. Analysis of the result reveals that the optical band gap decreases with increasing irradiation time as well as Aluminum content. However, laser irradiation does not show a significant effect at higher Aluminum concentration. It might be due to lack of weak Se-Te bond as Te content decreases with increasing Al content. It shows that alloy with rich Al content is more stable against laser irradiation. It is also observed that absorption coefficient and extinction coefficient increases with laser irradiation time
Spatio-Temporal Variation Study of Physico -Chemical Parameters Characterizing Water Quality of Oued M’zab Region, Algeria
Get PDFThis work involves the study of hydrological characteristics of the groundwater of Oued M'zab, due to the domestic, agricultural, and industrial pollution. The different sampling points are located upstream and downstream of the river. Water samples of groundwater were taken monthly at stations spread over the flow of the river. The wells are distributed throughout the course of the flow of the river. The measured hydrological parameters (temperature, salinity, suspended particles) showed significant monthly variations with a high concentration of total suspended solids which reached 71.72 mg \ l. The same results indicate that the groundwater is rich in minerals and nutritious elements while on the set of sampled points only salinity showed significant variations. The maximum value of the sulphate with a concentration of approximately 2597mg \ l. The chlorides and sodium concentrations reach respectively the values of 1633 mg \ l and 1970 mg \ l. This indicates that the infiltration of water of M'zab contains several pollutants contributing to the degradation of the quality of groundwater, Hence the need for preventive measures, conservative and prospects to preserve our layer from pollution
Effect of Microwave Sintering on Electrical Properties of Sr-deficient and Bi-rich Strontium Bismuth Niobate (Sr0.8Bi2.2Nb2O9) Ferroelectric Ceramic
Get PDFNonstoichiometric strontium bismuth niobate (Sr0.8Bi2.2Nb2O9: SBN) ceramic was prepared using conventional solid-state reaction and microwave sintering methods. Complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) has been used to investigate the intra and intergranular contribution to the impedance SBN ceramics as a function of temperature and frequency. Complex impedance Cole‑Cole plots were used to interpret the relaxation mechanism in SBN ceramic which showed a non-Debye relaxation. The grain and grain boundary contribution to conductivity have been estimated from the Cole‑Cole plots. The bulk (grain) resistance of both samples was found to decrease with rise in temperature indicating negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) type behavior like that of semiconductors. The microwave sintered SBN was found to have low value of bulk resistance indicating more increase in conductivity as compared to conventionally sintered SBN. The temperature dependence of the relaxation time was found to obey the Arrhenius law. Studies of electrical modulus show the presence of hoping conduction mechanism in SBN