AIJR Journals
Not a member yet
475 research outputs found
Sort by
Analyzing Citizens’ Propensity to Confront and Report Corruption: Evidence from Uganda
Get PDFCorruption as a phenomenon has attracted significant interest from researchers who mostly focus on the causes and underlying effects of corruption at the national and societal levels. Many interventions have also been designed to reduce corruption to a bare minimum but there is a dearth of literature looking at citizen’s intervention to address the problem. This study examined the attitudes of citizens towards corruption by looking at the factors that influence citizen’s willingness to report and confront corruption in Uganda. Drawing on data collected from the survey of 251 citizens in Uganda, this research found that corruption tolerance by citizens is low, but the willingness of participation in anti-corruption campaigns is not correspondingly high. However, low corruption tolerance alone does not explain why people don’t report corruption. Awareness of corruption and trust in government’s and civil society anti-corruption efforts and laws was also identified as a major influence to citizen’s willingness to confront and report corruption. In addition, higher confidence in the government’s anti-corruption strategies and laws leads to lower corruption tolerance and stronger willingness to confront and report corruption. The study suggests that a successful campaign of anticorruption must involve enhancing understanding of what constitutes corruption and building confidence in the Government’s strategy on anticorruption
Facial Palsy and Contemporary Reanimation Surgery: A Short Review
Get PDFThe primary purpose of this mini-review article is to introduce modern issues of reanimation surgeries in patients with facial palsies. Modern methods of reanimation surgeries are discussed for mentioning patients` benefits, and their more satisfactions and hopeful horizons for the future of such cases with facial palsies. Facial paralysis, associated to implementing new reanimation surgery techniques, is presenting new advanced methods of facial nerve palsy reforms, through reanimation surgeries. Facial palsy, which occur by a diversity of reasons, need to be evaluated for their etiologies and prepare a proper surgical plan for their reconstructions. Stroke, trauma, congenital, neoplasia, neurological, immunological, viral infections, and psychological reasons, are some potential causes of patients with facial palsies. Brief reviews were done, based on recent evidences` results in reanimation surgery practices. Due to any of above cited reasons, patients with facial palsies get physically and mentally disturbed and are willing to search ways, for solving their facial distressing problems. Consequently, mentioned patients are eagerly searching means to receive new available promotions to improve their facial palsies. In concluding, patients who undergo reanimation surgeries, if good results of their operations obtained, they will be motivated in gaining self-confidence, self-care, self-respect and therefore getting a cumulative their effective social bond, and raising their quality of life, after reanimation operations.
Utility of Biodiesel in Diesel Engine
Get PDFThe energy resources from the fossil fuels are decreasing day by day. Rather fossil fuel is costly, it creates environmental problems by producing and NOx in the environment. Now it is argent to find a solution. The solution can be renewable energy. In this paper the effort was to find the utility of biodiesels in the conventional diesel engine. This biofuel or biodiesel is extracted from Soybean methyl ester (SME). We compared the basic performance characteristics diesel, SME 20 and SME 100 in unmodified diesel engine. This experiment will be helpful to find out the utility of SME type biodiesel in conventional diesel engine so that the uses of fossil fuels can be reduced in quick rental power plants and other uses. We can use biodiesel as substitute in an economic tariff and efficient way.
The energy resources from the fossil fuels are decreasing day by day. Rather fossil fuel is costly, it creates environmental problems by producing and NOx in the environment. Now it is argent to find a solution. The solution can be renewable energy. In this paper the effort was to find the utility of biodiesels in the conventional diesel engine. This biofuel or biodiesel is extracted from Soybean methyl ester (SME). We compared the basic performance characteristics diesel, SME 20 and SME 100 in unmodified diesel engine. This experiment will be helpful to find out the utility of SME type biodiesel in conventional diesel engine so that the uses of fossil fuels can be reduced in quick rental power plants and other uses. We can use biodiesel as substitute in an economic tariff and efficient way
Assessing the Macronutrient Status of Some Selected Soils in Bayelsa State, South-South Nigeria
Get PDFFertility status of soils within the south-south region of Nigeria varies both inter and intra states. Therefore, the study investigated the macronutrient status of some selected soils in Bayelsa State. Two farm sites in Opume (OPF) and Amassoma (AMF) with records of long term cultivation were randomly selected and soil samples randomly collected from each locality for physico-chemical analyses. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis of means and a post hoc regression analysis to determine relationships between soils and analyzed parameters. Results revealed that soils were loam to sandy clay loam and acidic with low pH levels. Exchangeable bases (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+) were low in AMF soils compared to OPF soils except for Na+. Organic carbon and organic matter were moderately low in both soils, however, AMF had lower contents. Total N were found to be critically low (0.03%) in both soils. OPF had higher available phosphorus (5.09 mg/kg) while AMF had higher available Sulphur (6.55 mg/kg). Base saturation was moderate in OPF (50.44 %), however, not significantly different (p<0.05) from AMF. Similarly, Effective Cation Exchange Capacity (ECEC) was low in soils of both localities. Regression analysis showed that pH had significant positive relationships with sand, Org C, Org M, available P, TN, % B.S and the basic cations (r=0.534*, 0.841***, 0.837***, 0.855***, 0.736***, 0.856**) with a negative relationship with Exchangeable acidity and SO42- (r=-0.799** and -0.844***). Org C, Org M and TN had significant negative relationships with silt at both localities (r=-0.592**, -0.592** and -0.491*) respectively. These results indicate clearly that the nutrient status of soils in the study areas are mostly controlled by pH and the textural distribution. It also indicates that improved soil management practices can improve the macronutrient status for increased crop production
Solubility of Mn in ZnO Crystallites Synthesized Using Solid State Techniques
Get PDFPowder samples of Zn1-xMnxO nanocrystal were synthesized at a temperature of 200 °C using solid phase method. Dopant concentrations of 0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 were studied. Powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of the samples were analyzed with a view of determining the onset of secondary phases, hence the solubility limit of the dopant. The solubility limit for Mn in ZnO samples synthesized at 200 °C is realized at x < 0.3. With a regular pattern in increment of the Mn concentration, there were variations observed in the trend of the relative intensity, 2θ position and d-spacing indicating uneven addition of Mn (thus Mn2+, Mn3+ or Mn4+)
Knowledge and Attitude Towards Intimate Partner Violence Among Ever-Married Women: A Cross-Sectional Study from Sri Lanka
Get PDFEffective approaches are needed to address high prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in developing countries. Among them, addressing the attitudes of women justifying IPV is crucial. Yet, Sri Lankan studies so far have not adequately examined the community members’ knowledge and attitude toward IPV. Hence, this study aimed at i) describing knowledge and attitude towards IPV among women, ii) explore the association of socio-demographic variables with knowledge and attitude towards IPV, and iii) examine the association of knowledge and attitude with the abuse experiences. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with women (n = 600) aged 15-49 years from a selected health administrative area in Sri Lanka. Multistage cluster sampling was used to select participants and data collection was performed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive summaries, cross-tabulations and logistic regression analysis were performed to describe and explore the associations. Most respondents had poor knowledge (64.3%, n=386) on IPV with approximately half of them having attitudes generally justifying IPV (48.7%, n=292). Women with low levels of education and low household income were more likely to justify IPV. Further, employed women had good knowledge on IPV. Poor knowledge on IPV increased the risk of being abuse by 1.5 times and women who had justifying attitudes toward IPV had two times risk of being abuse. The necessity of interventions to be targeted on knowledge and attitudes and the contributory socio-demographic factors such as education, employment and income are emphasized
External Environment Dependent Spin and Orbital Exchange Interactions
Get PDFWe present a set of equations expressing the parameters of the magnetic interactions of an electronic system. This allows to establish a mapping between the initial electronic system and a spin model including up to quadratic interactions between the effective spins, with a general interaction (exchange) tensor that accounts for anisotropic exchange, Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and other symmetric terms such as dipole–dipole interaction. We present the formulas in a format that can be used for computations via Dynamical Mean Field Theory algorithms
A Review of Alternative Building Materials for Sustainable Construction Towards Sustainable Development
Get PDFThe study reviewed Alternative Building Materials for sustainable construction towards sustainable development. The study was able to identify some Alternative Building Materials, their features, classes (types), and importance for sustainable construction toward sustainable development. The study uses a systematic literature review and content analysis. Some of the Alternative Building Materials include laterite soil, brick wastes, rice husk ash burnt refuse ash, fly ash, periwinkle shell powder, earthworm cast, pulverized burned clay, periwinkle shell aggregate, tubali, earth/mud blocks or bricks, laterite blocks, bamboo for roofing & ceiling, palm front roofing, clay/mud plaster. The classes of the Alternative Building Materials include: modified conventional industrial materials, unconventional/ indigenous/ traditional materials, and modified unconventional/traditional indigenous materials. The features of sustainable construction materials include recyclability, insulation and thermal conductivity and deconstruct ability, availability, manufacturing and price, flexibility and high life time expectancy. The importance of Alternative Building Materials includes: the protection of the environment through reduce energy use and also cutting down CO2 emission, provision of affordable housing, energy conservation, meeting increasing demands for housing stock, provision of employment opportunities, the development and propagation of indigenous technological ingenuity and skills of our local people. The study advocates for the integration of the entire stakeholders in the construction industry towards utilisation of Alternative Building Materials for sustainable construction towards sustainable development. The study also advocates for the cataloguing of all Alternative Building Materials so as to create awareness to all the potential clients and stakeholders of the industry regarding their availability and importance
Physics for Surgeons - Part 4: Energy Devices in Surgery
Get PDFModern surgery has advanced astoundingly in the last century owing to the advent of number of energy devices in the operation room. Surgeon in the past were only using electric current –monopolar diathermy to burn and couterize the tissue, the present day surgeons are equiped with a number of more advanced energy devices e.g. LASER, ultrasonic vibrating shears, radiofrequency, shockwaves, argon beam coagulator and advanced bipolar electric energy with hybrid systems and light energy of different wavelengths. In the present paper, we have explained the physical principles involved in the commonly used energy devices in the operation theatre
Combining Ability and Heterosis in Diallel Analysis of Maize (Zea mays L.) Lines
Get PDFA sound breeding program for maize improvement is very important to meet the demands of the growing population. Therefore, combining ability and heterosis were studied in a 4 x 4 full diallel cross in maize for growth attributes, yield and its contributing traits. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates was used to study the general combining ability of parents, specific combining ability of F1s (including reciprocals) and heterosis of the F1s over commercial check variety on selected agronomic characters. Genotype was highly significant for all the traits studied. The combining abilities (GCA and SCA) and reciprocal mean squares were highly significant for most studied characters. The ratio of GCA/SCA was not less than unity for studied traits excepted for days to anthesis and ear height. The results indicated that the additive genetic effects were more important and played major role in studied traits. Thus, results revealed GCA effects for the parental lines (PL). Where ‘PL2’ was excellent combiner for number of tassels and cob circumference and ‘PL3’ was good combiner for days to silking and grain yield (t.h-1). While ‘PL4’ for short height. Majority of the F1s from the GCA effects showed high SCA effects. This F1 (PL2 x PL3) performed best amongst. However, several reciprocals were not desirable. Heterosis estimation was carried out using a commercial check, Oba super II. When commercial check was used, the percent heterosis especially on grain yield varied from -8.89 to 22.62%. Among the twelve F1s, nine of the crosses exhibited significant positive heterosis for grain yield (t.h-1). Those F1s that showed significant positive and/or negative desirable traits for SCA effects and significant positive heterosis could be used for varietal development in maize breeding. And conservation of those parents that exhibited high GCA effects be considered as well