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Process of Phenomenology as Qualitative Research Method in English
Full text linkResearch methodology is a pronounced science that contributes to the study of research in many fields. The literature on research methodology shows how it serves in several ways as it is multi-dimensional and theoretical alongside the features of experimental literature. Based on different philosophies, it involves two significant methods of choice, qualitative and quantitative, with a range of research strategies from simple to complex. Fundamentally, the strategies of the qualitative method are of much use in the study of English literature and to some extent in the studies of English language and Applied linguistics since the latter also deal with empirical study. The current research method, phenomenology, is one of the critical approaches of the qualitative method, and it is all about philosophical experiences. The study of phenomenology in English is necessary as it has been a widely used method in the fields of medical science, philosophy, computers, and business but not still more in English and Second language acquisition studies; therefore, the main motive behind the study is to investigate how congenial the phenomenology research method is to exploit it in English language and literature studies. Concerning the abovementioned facts, the present study will include the conceptualization, periodical developments, classification, and the milestones associated with phenomenological research studies to analyze and extract as a research method in English. The study also endeavors to identify philosophy and language as two important parameters and emphasizes that they are equally necessary to use phenomenology as a research method in English
Factors Influencing the Distribution of Nosocomial Infections in Some Selected Hospitals of Kaduna State
Full text linkIt is becoming alarming on the rate by which nosocomial infections tend to rapidly spread affecting lives especially patient placed in the intensive care unit or wards thereby extending patient stay beyond specified period of time. Therefore, the cross sectional study is designed to determine the factors influencing the distribution of nosocomial infection in Kaduna state. The exploration into the research problem was carried out using qualitative method which involve generating an interpretive qualitative data using structured questionnaire and face to face interviews. The method comprises of the study setting, participants, method of data collection, procedure, data management and analysis. A total of 5 different species (E.coli, S.aureus, k.Pneumoniae , Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were identified from 6 parameters (fomites, sterilization techniques, disinfection techniques, water source, bed spacing, cleaning methods) evaluated from 100 respondents across the hospital screened and all the organism shows significant p-value less than 0.05 (p-value ≤0.05) across all the parameters evaluated. The findings suggest that infection control program should be set up in all public and private hospital to ensure effective management and control strategy and to curtail the widespread of these pathogenic nosocomial infections
Journalistic Self-Censorship in Jordan: Influencing Factors and the Role of Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation
Full text linkThis article examines the widespread self-censorship among journalists in Jordan and analyses the interplay of key influencing factors involved in news production and whether they can be determined as private or public origin through qualitative interviews with media professionals. The research also uncovers how Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPPs) and media policies influence journalistic content and practices. The conducted on-site interviews reveal that journalists often change or withhold content publish – influenced by fear of legal consequences and economic dependence towards different entities in Jordan. The findings highlight that self-censorship is both a response to external threats and the result of internal ethical dilemmas, leading to protocol journalism where reporting is uncritical and aligns with official narratives. The study confirms that SLAPPs are used to suppress freedom of expression and highlights the urgent need for legal reforms to protect journalists and strengthen media independence in Jordan
Determinants of Food Security in Tobacco and Sugarcane Production Zones, Migori County, Kenya
Full text linkAt 34%, food insecurity in Migori County is considered alarming while its measurement has posed challenges to academicians and researchers whilst many studies exist on food security determinants, none has been done in Migori entailing tobacco producers, sugarcane growers and non-growers in Kuria and Migori sub-counties. The study examined food security determinants guided by a consumer theory and measured by means of HFIAS modelled in ologit model. Data collection was done using an open data kit pre-loaded with a questionnaire and analyzed using stata software wherein results depicted 38.89% as severely insecure, 33.33% moderately insecure, 9.26% mildly insecure and 18.52% food secure while household size, off-farm income, capital sourcing was significant at p<0.001 in varying degrees and categories after ologit regression analysis. There is need for the national government to provide cash crop insurance and fixed contracts to prevent risks associated with price fluctuations as well as invest in innovative biotechnology research through formulation of policies to aid in ensuring capacity building through its stakeholders such as the national research institutes and other donor agencies
The Herbicidal Potential of Euphorbia Species for Managing Common Weeds in the Mount Cameroon Region: A Promising Alternative to Synthetic Herbicides
Full text linkThe utilization of botanicals in weed management is of great significance due to their biodegradability and eco-friendly nature. This research evaluates the herbicidal potentials of seven Euphorbia species (Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia maculata, Euphorbia heterophylla, Euphorbia prostrata, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Euphorbia trigona, and Euphorbia milii) in the Mount Cameroon Region.The assessment of the herbicidal potential of the most promising Euphorbia species was conducted using the Sandwich method along with germination bioassay techniques. Qualitative phytochemical screening techniques were employed to investigate the herbicidal properties of E. heterophylla through the identification of classes of secondary metabolites. Additional analysis of Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, Cameroon, P.O Box 63, Cameroon. The crude extracts from Euphorbia heterophylla regarding the germination and development of five weed species revealed inhibiting effects on all the weeds examined. The results showed that Euphorbia heterophylla exhibited inhibitory effects on Lactuca sativa seeds, with a maximum inhibition of 85.75% at higher concentrations, indicating dose-dependent trends. Bidens pilosa had the highest herbicidal suppression rate of 83.91%, while Mimosa invisa exhibited the least suppression at 61.10%. Thirteen (13) chromatographic fractions of Euphorbia heterophylla were tested for their influence on the germination and growth of Bidens pilosa seeds. The findings showed that fractions F4, F6, F7, and F13 demonstrated total inhibition of the weed (100% suppression). Phytochemical analysis of E. heterophylla identified the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, saponins, and cardiac glycosides. Euphorbia heterophylla, had a strong allelopathic potential, making it viable candidate for the isolation and development of bioactive compounds. These compounds could be utilized as bioherbicides and thereby contributing to sustainable weed management in crop production
Leaders of Welcoming and Affirming Churches in North Carolina Discuss their Roles in HIV/AIDS Awareness and Prevention
Full text linkSome church leaders work to increase HIV testing and spread messages to reduce stigma. This study focuses on how leaders of North Carolina churches considered welcoming and affirming by the LGBTQ+ community discuss and disseminate information about HIV/AIDS to church members and communities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six leaders of different denominations between April and May 2023. A thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews found three main approaches: 1) HIV is not addressed directly, but we are here; 2) provide access to educational resources; and 3) fight stigma. Results confirm welcoming/affirming churches could play a significant role in, not only educating their communities about HIV, but also reducing the stigma associated with the disease
Why Not Us? Experiences of Incarcerated Women on Education Access in Malawi Prisons
Full text linkMany incarcerated women worldwide have low education profiles that cause them to commit petty criminal offences among others. Thus, education access to incarcerated people, including women can be undoubtedly an indispensable strategy for their rehabilitation. However, education access could still be patriarchal and not accessible to women in prisons. Guided by radical feminist theory, this study employed a qualitative narrative research approach to explore from incarcerated women and correctional officers how education was made accessible at two prison facilities in Malawi. The key finding was that there was social injustice in the provision of education to offenders. Education access was monopolised by male inmates. Women were denied access to education even though they needed and demanded it since authorities preferred to use the available inadequate educational resources to provide education to only male inmates. It was recommended that gender equality needed to be exercised in the provision of education opportunities in prisons. Where resources are scarce, at least similar educational resources should be made equally and equitably accessible to both male and female inmates
A Cross-Sectional Online Survey of Researchers, Project Managers, and Decision-Makers to Assess Factors That Contribute to Complexity and Project Success
Full text linkComplexity is a major problem for managers and decision-makers and needs to be addressed for projects to succeed. The aim of this study was to explore the factors contributing to complexity and project failure and success. An online cross-sectional survey of 114 researchers, project managers and decision-makers was conducted to explore these factors. Results showed that all participants who use project management indicated that it contributes to the success of their projects. Humans and human interactions were chosen by most participants as the main factor responsible for complexity. Most participants indicated that poor communication and collaboration was the biggest factor preventing them from achieving their goals. Participants mostly prefer working with people that they have a lot in common with, and most indicated that smaller teams of four to five people are better for optimal performance compared with larger team sizes. Feeling valued, respected, and being adequately rewarded motivated participants to perform well. In conclusion, project management may be able to improve the chances of project success. Addressing human factors and interactions may reduce complexity and motivate people to perform well. Limitations of this research include convenience sampling and subjective responses to a cross-sectional survey rather than objective measurement of outcomes
Are Technologies Useful and Easy to Use: Results of A Cross-Sectional Survey
Full text linkTools and technologies have strengths and weaknesses and can either reduce or increase complexity and make work easier or harder. This article aims to report the results of a survey that assessed the usefulness and ease of use of tools and technologies, and perceptions of participants about tools and technologies as a factor in complexity and project failure. A cross-sectional survey of 114 project managers, researchers, and decision-makers was conducted to assess if tools and technologies that participants use in their work are useful and easy to use by asking two questions based on a validated tool of user acceptance of technologies. Additionally, two questions asked participants which tools and technologies were most helpful in their work – one was an open question, and the other provided pre-selected choices of tools and technologies. Few participants chose tools and technologies as a factor that contributes to complexity and project failure, and most participants rated tools and technologies as useful and easy to use. However, the tools and technologies that were chosen by most as helpful for work, tend to be older and simpler and include tools such as checklists. In conclusion, even though tools and technologies are advancing rapidly, most participants in the current survey chose older tools and technologies as helpful in their work. The relevance of these findings is that there appears to be barriers to the adoption of newer technologies such as artificial intelligence and algorithms. The barriers to the adoption of new tools and technologies should be explored further
The Gendered Impact of Agricultural Market Reforms on Financial Bene-fits in Uganda’s Smallholder Farming Households
Full text linkAlthough studies have reported a positive correlation between agricultural market-liberalization reforms, smallholder commercialization and rural household income, the effect of this shift on gender income relations remains less understood. This study aimed to examine the gendered effect of market reforms and the resulting accelerated commercialization on income in smallholder farming households in Uganda, focusing on Irish Potato farming households in Rubanda district, South-western Uganda. We employed a sequential mixed-methods design involving quantitative and qualitative data strands. Quantitative data were obtained through a survey of 201 potato farmers while qualitative data were obtained through 15 key informants interviews, 27 in-depth interviews and 9 FGDs. STATA 17 for descriptive and inferential statistics –Chi Square and ‘t-test’– were used to analyse quantitative data while deductive thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Results revealed that market reforms and commercialization led to the emergence of dichotomous income streams for male and female members of households. Positive change in women’s income significantly improved their position in a number of income management and decision aspects including allocation in crop production, custody and other household affairs, mainly children’s education. However, commercialization situated potato production in the monetary domain increasing men’s interest in the crop, previously women’s domain, as a major source of income. This heightened patriarchal power and authority over women’s attained positions and agency, perpetuating unequal gender income relations. Results suggest that increasing women’s income from independently managed plots produces positive and significant bargaining outcomes. The study underlines the need for government and other development actors to provide targeted training to women and building their capacities to manage income from independently farmed plots, and changing men’s negative attitudes and norms towards women’s ownership of and control over income