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Evaluation of Fungal Activity Through In Silico Analysis of Medicinal Plants Against Exophiala Jeanselmei
Get PDFPhaeohyphomycosis is a fungal infectious disease commonly called as dermal problem which is caused by dematiaceous fungi, Exophiala jeanselmei. Chitin was the main component of fungal cell and no effective inhibitor was identified still in chitin synthase I. The protein chitin synthase I play a major role in drug metabolism as well as signal processing molecule and therefore have been targeted in the present study. The medicinal plants being a solution for several human ailments, also act as a reservoir for secondary metabolites, has taken its credit as a cure from our ancient times. The biological activity of the Myricetin was analysed using the pass online tool. The value of Probability to be active (Pa) = 0.241 Probability to be inactive (Pi) = 0.021. The several compounds retrieved from the plants Acalypha indica, Achyranthus aspera, Brassica niger, Cassia auriculata, Cleome gynandra, Clitoria ternatea, Ipomoea hederaceae, Leucas aspera, Mimosa pudica, Phyllanthus niruri, Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum sanctum, Tridax procumbens, Vitex negundo and Waltheria indica were analyzed for its possible significant interaction with the target protein using molecular docking studies. The compound Myricetin had Binding energy of -7.32 Kcal/mol and formed hydrogen bonds with the residue HIS 29 showing the bond length of 1.8 Å and residue THR 3 showing the bond length of 1.9 Å. The future perspective of the study is to determine the stability of the protein-compound interaction through docking studies
The Effect of Work-Related Attitudes on Turnover Intention in Public Higher Education Institution: The Case of Arba Minch University, Ethiopia
Get PDFFor any organization, the most important challenge is to retain a talented workforce. In order to retain a talented workforce, it is very important to identify factors that affect the intention of employees to leave. Thus, this study examines the effect of work-related attitudes on turnover intention in terms of academic staff context. 334 academic staff were selected as a sample using a stratified random sampling technique. The study was an explanatory design and the required data was collected through adopted questionnaires from prior studies. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. To do so the statistical packaging for social science (SPSS) version 20 was utilized. The descriptive result indicates that the participant’s level of work-related attitudes was low whereas their level of turnover intention was high. Moreover, the results obtained through T-test and ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in the level of turnover intention based on selected demographics and thus have a varying effect on turnover intention. According to the multiple regression results, the dominant predictor of turnover intention was affective commitment and the insignificant predictor was continuance commitment
Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia with Acute Respiratory Failure in a Healthy 12-year-old Girl
Get PDFThe authors present a case report of an otherwise healthy, fully immunized 12-year-old girl who had a critical course of COVID-19 infection with acute respiratory failure. The epidemiologic history was positive for COVID-19, and she tested PCR positive resulting from a nasopharyngeal swab. She was presented with fever and cough to a regional pediatric department, and she was immediately intubated and transferred to a pediatric ICU in a University Hospital. CT of the thorax revealed bilateral consolidation with the tree-in-bud signs. Her condition required artificial ventilation support for 13 days. Remdesivir, pronation, high dose Ascorbic acid with Thiamine, and combined antimicrobial therapy were successfully used. The patient made a full clinical recovery. This case report is unique because of a very scarce critical course of COVID-19 infection in children. It demonstrates the successful use of a combined therapeutic approach with artificial ventilation, pronation, Remdesivir, and combined antimicrobial therapy. Clinical symptoms, laboratory results, imaging methods, and therapeutic attitude are mentioned to share our experience with the medical community
Human Computer Interaction – Hand Gesture Recognition
Get PDFThe creation of intelligent and natural interfaces between users and computer systems has received a lot of attention. Several modes of knowledge like visual, audio, and pen can be used individually or in combination have been proposed in support of this endeavour. Human communication relies heavily on the use of gestures to communicate information. Gesture recognition is a subject of science and language innovation that focuses on numerically quantifying human gestures. It is possible for people to communicate properly with machines using gesture recognition without the use of any mechanical devices. Hand gestures are a form of nonverbal communication that can be applied to several fields, including deaf-mute communication, robot control, human–computer interaction (HCI), home automation, and medical applications. Many different methods have been used in hand gesture research papers, including those focused on instrumented sensor technology and computer vision. To put it another way, the hand sign may be categorized under a variety of headings, including stance and motion, dynamic and static, or a combination of the two. This paper provides an extensive study on hand gesture methods and explores their applications
The Use of Microbial Inoculants in Crop Production for Food Security Sustainability
Get PDFIncreasing human population, war, climate change, herdsmen-farmers clashes, banditry, terrorism, political unrest affected crop production negatively. These factors widen the gap between food production supply and its demand. In an attempt to fill this gap, agrochemicals were used to increase crop yield to meet the food demand of the ever-increasing population. Agrochemical’s introduction was accepted initially due to their quick and nonspecific actions. Decades later, these agrochemicals begin to pose threats to human and livestock health, causing land degradation, ecosystem imbalance, reduction in soil fertility and productivity. To avert the negative effects of agrochemicals on food and feed products, soil, water quality, and the environment. The use of a safe and eco-friendly alternative was developed. Microbial inoculants serve to be the best substitute for agrochemicals with substantial benefits in sustainable crop production and environmental sustainability. This review aims at updating available information on the benefits of using microbial inoculants in boosting crop production and the strategies to adopt for its effectiveness
A Critical Insight into Needs Assessment Technique and the Way Social Needs are Actually Assessed
Get PDFNeeds assessment is regarded as a powerful tool for addressing the needs for a program, and for various other purposes including strategic planning for resource allocation, priority setting, and improving the course of an ongoing program. As such, it is portrayed as an ideal and necessary step in policymaking. On the other hand, however, there are some growing concerns about the actual needs assessment practice which is believed by many to be prejudicing the performance of countless policies and programs. Hence, looking into this dichotomy of views and the way social needs are actually assessed are of particular interest. The present contribution seeks to delve deep into the technique of needs assessment and to give an insight on what ought to be done in the field and what is being done in fact. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify and analyze all available research studies that address the function of needs assessment, the problem definition in need assessment, the identification and classification of needs, the definition, description, and specification of target populations, and the description of the nature of service needs. The content of the relevant sections in each study was then read and reread with the aim of determining how social needs are assessed indeed. The result has shown that needs, their identification, and the way they are met, are in most cases determined by experts and agencies, not the needy populations. The search has also revealed the existence of significant gaps between the needs identified by professionals and those seen as important by the people who they are supposed to benefit. Finally, the result suggests that experts and agencies’ definition and identification of needs or target populations only reflect their own views or choices of program activity and the reasons they brandish in seeking for funding
A Comparative Analysis of Expert Opinions on Artificial Intelligence: Evolution, Applications, and Its Future
Get PDFArtificial Intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science that primarily focuses on automating tasks that explicitly require human intelligence. The mechanics of AI technology majorly revolves around central affairs including knowledge representation, learning, problem-solving, reasoning, etc. Additionally, each discipline of AI focuses on a particular component to efficiently train the machines. Every branch of AI technology exploits knowledge in machines using diversified practices but with a clear idea of achieving the desired output. AI has evolved drastically over the past two decades and is considered the most in-demand technology at present times in varied fields including healthcare, education, forecasting, security, etc. This paper provides an extensive survey on artificial intelligence and related work going on in this field, how it differs from human intelligence, various subfields of AI and their importance, various issues related to AI and possible solutions along with and future trends related to this technology depicting people’s reliability on it and various possible concerns
Allelopathic Potentiality of Euphorbia hypericifolia L. on Germination and Seedling Development of Sympatric Crops and Weeds
Get PDFEuphorbia hypericifolia, a non-native herbaceous weedy plant was found to often form disproportionately dense, virtually monospecific stands in the Mount Bambouto Caldera, Cameroon. This observation is within the purview of allelopathy and is attributed to the release of botanicals by non native plants that harm naïve native flora, creating significant problems for agriculture and the environment. We investigated if the invasiveness of E. hypericifolia could be explained by its allelopathic potential at varying concentrations on five indicator plants. The results showed that the leaf, root and stem aqueous extracts of the plant exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the germination, radicle and plumule lengths of Biden pilosa, Amaranthus spinosus, Lactuca sativa, Zea mays and Lycopersicon esculentum at 100 % by 75.0, 69.4, 95.6, 28.0 and 97.2 %, respectively. The leaf extract was the most potent, while the stem extract was the least. The extract of E. hypericifolia was stimulatory (Lower concentrations) and inhibitory to the germination and growth of the test plants and its effect was concentration-dependent with the roots of target plants being more sensitive to the extracts than the plumule. L. esculentum was the most susceptible species to E. hypericifolia extracts while Z. mays was more tolerant than any of the tested plants. Results of total chlorophyll pigment accretion showed declining levels of chlorophyll detected in the leaves of tomato transplants cultivated in the augmented soils with rising dosage of the leaf residue of E. hypericifolia. B. pilosa planted on E. hypericifolia infested soil (EIS) showed very poor emergence recording only 7.5 % after 6 weeks as compared to 83.0 % in non E. hypericifolia infested soil (NIS). Qualitative phytochemical screening indicates E. hypericifolia is rich in secondary metabolites including alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenolics, tanins, Steriods and saponins. Acetone was the best extractant amongst the solvents used. This study has proven the allelopathic potential of E. hypericifolia and revealed some allelochemicals that may be exploited for the development of bioherbicides and plant growth promotion from natural products
Revisiting Energy Consumption-economic Growth Hypothesis: Do Slope Heterogeneity and Cross-sectional Dependence Matter?
Get PDFIn this paper, the long-term nexus between energy consumption and economic growth is investigated using a panel data of 80 countries from World Bank data base for the period 1970 to 2017. In order to check for the issues of endogeneity, slope heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence present in errors of panel data, the study applied cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) and cross-sectional augmented distributed lag (CS-DL) models to examine the long-term impact of energy consumption on economic growth. The empirical results revealed that energy consumption has a positive and significant long-run effect on economic growth and that cross-sectional dependence, slope endogeneity and heterogeneity are issues that should be on the watch when dealing with panel data of developing and developed countries’ analysis. Furthermore, the outcomes indicated that the impact of energy consumption on economic growth is stronger in less developed countries than in advanced economies. Technological progressions that give rise to the advancement of clean and efficient energy and substitution of low-quality fuels with high quality fuels are some of the possible channels that weaken the link between energy consumption and economic growth in advanced economies. Importantly, from a policy perspective, based on the study findings, energy conservation policies aimed at promoting environmental quality may worsen economic growth in developing countries, thereby adversely affecting their long-run economic growths
Pharmaceutical Company In-house Research and Licensing Transaction Review
Get PDFBackground: Pharmaceutical in-house research and licensing deals are effective means of widespread production of drugs to the public. These transactions follow a normalized procedure requiring upfront payments between a buying company to work either collaboratively with a small to medium sized selling company or buying the right of a product completely. Licensing a novel pharmaceutical drug goes through several clinical phases, and transaction deals can involve royalty and/or milestone payments along the research and clinical trial process.
Methods: Data was collected through analysis of pharmaceutical licensing market deals via online databases and extracted to a data sheet for examination. Trends were highlighted after analyzing upfront payment values, royalty sales, milestone payments and total transaction deal value.
Results: Total milestone payments averaged at USD 899.77 million. Average total deal values is USD $1445.18 million. Correlation coefficients between: (1) upfront and milestone payments r = 0.155; (2) upfront payments and royalty payments r = 0.188; and (3) upfront payments and total deal value r = 0.604. Most transactions are a small/medium enterprise selling to big pharmaceutical companies (32%) or a big pharmaceutical company selling to a small/medium enterprise (32%). 27% of deals are between big pharmaceutical companies, and 9% of deals are between small/medium enterprises.
Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between upfront payment costs with milestone/royalty costs and total deal value (n=25). Small or medium enterprises are beginning to take a large sector of the transaction business as their in-house research licensing grows more appealing for market distribution