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Ground-state Shallow-donor Binding Energy in (In,Ga)N/GaN Double QWs Under Temperature, Size, and the Impurity Position Effects
Get PDFIn this paper, we study the hydrogen-like donor-impurity binding energy of the ground-state change as a function of the well width under the effect of temperature, size, and impurity position. Within the framework of the effective mass approximation, the Schrodinger-Poisson equation has been solved taken account an on-center hydrogen-like impurity in double QWs with rectangular finite confinement potential profile for 10% of indium concentration in the (well region). The eigenvalues and their correspondent eigenvectors have been obtained by the fined element method (FEM). The obtained results are in good agreement with the literature and show that the temperature, size, and the impurity position have a significant impact on the binding energy of a hydrogen-like impurity in symmetric double coupled quantum wells based on non-polar wurtzite (In,Ga) N/GaN core/Shell
Structure and New Substructure of α-Ti2O3: X-ray Diffraction and Theoretical Study
Get PDFThe Crystal structure of both α-Ti2O3 and its new substructure with a halved c-axis has been investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The α-Ti2O3 substructure described in the R-3m space group, reveals an unusual 12-fold high coordination of Ti atoms forming edge and face-sharing distorted hexagonal prisms TiO12 stacking along the c-axis. The Hubbard-corrections predict a close bandgap for both α-Ti2O3 and its substructure; whereas a comparative study of their relative stability indicates that the substructure is thermodynamically less stable
Antioxidative Potential and Phytochemical Content of Detox Water
Get PDFDetox water is a fusion of different fruits immersed in water. It has been shown to possess many health benefits including toxin removal, increased immune function, weight loss and hydration. The following research aimed to extend previous investigation into the beneficial properties of detox water by determining the antioxidant potential and phytochemical content of water infused with a combination of Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) and Fuji apple (Malus domestica) in different ratios. The three trails studied were 25:75 (T1), 50:50 (T2) and 75:25 (T3) Apple: Orange ratios. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were assayed using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl- DPPH assay, the Folin Ciocalteu assay and the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay respectively. The assays were carried out on water samples taken at 0.5, 1,2,4,6 and 8 hours after infusion, and on the fruit residue. Vitamin C concentration of the water and fruit residue were determined by titration against potassium iodide at the eight- hour of infusion. The antioxidant, TPC and TFC values of water samples increased with infusion time. At the eight-hour, the antioxidant potential of the water samples ranged from 74.45% (T1) - 68.16% (T3). The TPC, TFC and Vitamin C values for all three trails were found to be significantly different (p<0.05), with TPC values of 189.01 µg GAE/ml sample (T1), 172.10 µg GAE/ml sample (T2) and 144.82 µg GAE/ml sample (T3); TFC values were 32.11 µg QE/ml sample (T1), 25.24 µg QE/ml sample (T2) and 17.62 µg QE/ml sample (T3). Vitamin C values were 237.76 µg vitamin C/ml sample (T1), 161.44 µg vitamin C/ml sample (T2) and 114.48 µg vitamin C/ml sample (T3). The fruit residues possessed very low antioxidant potential and phytochemical content. The study has proven that detox water possesses beneficial properties due to its high phytochemical content
The Cultivation of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum Annuum) in Foumbot Agricultural Area, West Region, Cameroon
Get PDFThis study aimed to get information on the cultivation of sweet pepper from the North West Region of Cameroon (Foumbot). Data for the study were obtained from 92 farmers with the aid of well-structured questionnaires. Results obtained showed that among the sweet pepper farmers, males represented 80% of the sampled population and women 12%, all of them aged between 18 to 48 years old. Their level of education varies from primary school to University with the majority found between primary school (48%) and secondary school (30%). 41% of the sampled cultivators have the greatest level of experience in between 10 to 30 years and 52% with the lowest level of experience varying from 1 to 10 years. The sweetest pepper varieties cultivated was Yolo wonder and Simba. 89 % of respondents had a sweet pepper field with a surface area between 0.5 and 1 hectare. According to farmers, the nursery is usually attacked by fungi after one week of growth, which always cause stems rot. Fungicides (Mancostar 80WP) and insecticides (Mocap EC, Timik, Plantineb 80WP, Jumper and Ascot) are the most chemical products used to treat stems rot. Cypermethrin and Mancozeb represent respectively 63% and 85% of active ingredients used by the sampled growers to fight against sweet pepper diseases. 46 % of the sampled farmers said that they prefer spray pesticides in all stages while 44% of sweet pepper farmers did not take note of the number of times, they applied chemicals pesticides on their crops. NPK: 20.10.10 is the most chemical fertilizer used to grow sweet pepper. The major diseases and pests encountered in that region are (1) diseases: Mildew, cercospora leaf spot, phytophthora blight, fusarium wilt, anthracnose, ripe rot, tobacco mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, and gal formations; (2) pests: flee beetles, cutworms, aphids, vegetable weevil, caterpillars, grasshoppers, pepper maggots and leaf miners
Conjugal Visits in Prisons Discourse: Is it Even an Offender Rehabilitation Option in Africa?
Get PDFConjugal rights issue in prisons is indeed an old debate. This article reviewed the literature on the genesis of prisoners’ conjugal visits programme, its global prevalence and the scholarly debate for and against its provision to understand if it can be a rehabilitation option in African countries’ prisons. It has been noted that conjugal visits programme was haphazardly started in the 1900s in Mississippi before becoming an official programme in 1989. Though they were discontinued later in 2014 in Mississippi, conjugal visits are still provided in many penitentiary facilities in America, Europe, Asia and Africa. Studies have revealed that conjugal visits are capable of reducing the problems of homosexuality, sexual assaults and physical violence in prisons. It has also been observed that, apart from the fact that denial of conjugal rights to the prisoners’ spouse could be a form of punishment to innocent victims, conjugal visits can be incentives for good prisoners’ behaviour and rehabilitation in prisons. However, apart from the fact the programme is likely to be expensive and costly to African countries whom their general strife is prisoners’ overcrowding, most of the arguments against conjugal visits are moral-based such as that the programme is likely to perpetrate one-parent family system and is prone to abuse by both prisoners and prison staff. It has, therefore, been concluded that it cannot hurt anybody if legally married prisoners and their spouses are provided with a right to enjoy conjugal visits especially in those jurisdictions which have embraced rehabilitation philosophy
The Importance of Review Articles & its Prospects in Scholarly Literature
Get PDFWith the growing number of scholarly publications around the world, it is becoming more and more difficult to keep up to date with all of it. To address this issue, authors often write an insightful review article on the recent developments within their research field based on the critical review of already published original research articles. Review articles are papers that compile, summarize, critique, and synthesize the available research information on a topic. Reviews can serve as a basis for knowledge development, create guidelines for policy and practice, provide evidence of an application, highlight research gap, and if well conducted, have the capacity to engender new ideas and serve as the grounds for future research directions. To be concise, extensive review articles play an important role as a foundation for all types of research & its application. In this editorial, I will highlight the importance of review articles along with expectations from the author who intends to submit their insightful reviews to this journal “Extensive Reviews”. I encourage research scholars to write insightful and extensive review articles as a service to the scientific community and to enhance their own knowledge
Utilisation of Skilled Delivery in Ghana: A Systematic Review
Get PDFBackground: Access to a doctor, nurse, or a midwife during childbirth is key to the global effort to reduce maternal mortality ratios. Ghana has recorded significant improvements in maternal care over the past three decades. However, despite many policies aimed at improving health care for pregnant women such as the free maternal care policy, many Ghanaian women still deliver without a skilled birth attendant present. This systematic review, therefore, sought to identify the various factors affecting utilisation of skilled birth attendance in Ghana.
Methods: PubMed Central, African Journals Online (AJOL), CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCO), and Science Direct were searched for studies from January 2010 to December 2020. Broad range of search terms was used. Studies included had diverse designs, were conducted among Ghanaian pregnant women, and had skilled delivery as an outcome of interest. The quality of studies was assessed. Due to the diversity of types of studies included in this systematic review (including qualitative, descriptive, and evaluative studies that ranged from simple bivariate analyses to complex multivariate modelling), a meta-analysis was neither possible nor appropriate. We, therefore, conducted a narrative synthesis of the search findings.
Results: Twenty-four (24) studies met our inclusion criteria for this review. Included studies comprised sixteen (16) cross-sectional studies and eight (8) qualitative studies. The sample size of the included studies cumulatively was 86,998 participants. The emerging themes were: health system factors (10); maternal and family factors (5); and sociodemographic factors (9).
Conclusion: In general, health system factors; maternal and family factors; and sociodemographic factors were found to influence skilled delivery services in Ghana. Therefore, in order to ensure that there is a skilled birth attendant present at every birth, efforts should aim at addressing social and cultural factors which have been identified as key determinants to utilisation of skilled delivery in Ghana
Phytochemical Screening of Selected Botanicals and their Effectiveness Against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch.) at Paklihawa, Rupandehi, Nepal
Get PDFLaboratory experiment was done to perform the phytochemical screening of six locally available botanicals (Azadirachta indica Juss, Artemisia dubia Wall, Lantana camara L, Parthenium hysterophorus L, Justicia adhatoda Linn. and Moringa oleifera L.) and their effectiveness to control the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.) at Agriecology lab of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi, Nepal. Seven treatments (leaf extract of A. indica, A. dubia, L. camara, P. hysterophorus. J. adhatoda and M. oleifera and distilled water as control) applied at 3 different doses (0.5, 1 & 2g/50g seeds) were arranged in CRD design with 3 replications. Result of mortality test of maize weevil revealed that, at highest concentration of L. camara powder (T17- 2g/50 gm seeds) mortality of maize weevil was observed up to 85% at 45 DAT. Whereas number of damaged grain was lowest in T17 (L. camara powder- 2g/50 gm seeds). The effectiveness of botanicals was found to increase with increasing the concentration. Besides that, Justicia adhatoda (2g/50g seeds) and Artemisia dubia (1g/50g seeds) were also found as good candidates to use for the control of Sitophilus zeamais. Qualitative tests done for the presence of various phytochemicals showed that Azadirachta indica Juss and Artemisia dubia Wall. were found to contain most of the tested metabolites among all botanicals. Most of those phytochemicals were extracted by the aqueous solution rather than other 3 menstrums used (acetone, methanol and petroleum ether). Similarly, quantitative test revealed that percentage of alkaloid was found 18.01%, 17.78%, 17.75%, 11.58%, 8.20%, 6.78% and flavonoid15.32%, 13.63%, 12.86%, 11.36%, 7. 51% 2.85% respectively in L. camara L. P. hysterophorus L., J. adhatoda Linn., M. oleifera L., A. indica Juss. and A. dubia Wall. Leaf extract of L. camera found to contain highest percentage of alkaloid (18.01%) as well as flavonoid (15.32%). So, it was concluded that locally available botanicals extract reach in alkaloid and flavonoid may have insecticidal property and could be use as grain protectant against the maize weevil in cost effective and eco-friendly manner.
However, application at proper dose is necessary to maintain the efficacy at higher level
Virtual Reality Support for Dental Treatment Premedication
Get PDFThe objective is to short review the current state of the art of virtual reality medical application in term of minimal invasive dentistry. An outline of the most important aspects of virtual reality has been created, and a subsequent literature search for articles related was conducted. The current state of the art of virtual reality includes a variety of applications, among others premedication, analgesics, anaesthetics plays an important role in informatics medicine. There is a growing consensus regarding the need to develop knowledge and possible introduce virtual reality as a non-pharmacological support for dental treatment
Social Media Use During Social Gathering Among Youth: A Study on Moghbazar Area of Dhaka City
Get PDFThe rise of social media and continuous technological advances have had a significant impact on how people communicate. Social media sites include social networking sites like Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp, and any website that allows social interaction. Many studies have been conducted on the impact of social media, but this study is specifically based on the impact of social media on social gatherings in Dhaka. The primary objective of this study is to examine how the virtual world reshapes the way of social gathering. In this study, an online survey was administered to find out the level of engagement of social media during a social gathering. The researcher collected a total of 120 respondents using the purposive sampling method. Findings suggest that social media intensely affects social gatherings. Despite respondents' awareness of the decrease of face-to-face communication as a result of social media, more than 74 percent of respondents continue to use social media during a social gathering. Use of social media sites found to be harnessing the quality of conversation. While technology facilitates instant communication, it also harms regular interaction