Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB)
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Chapter Wybrane problemy legislacyjne, które rzutują na konstytucyjność regulacji podatkowej – rozważania na tle orzecznictwa Trybunału Konstytucyjnego
No full textNiniejsze opracowanie dotyczy wybranych problemów legislacyjnych związanych z regulacją prawa podatkowego, które zostały zaakcentowane w polskim orzecznictwie sądowokonstytucyjnym. Trybunał Konstytucyjny – dokonując wykładni Konstytucji – sformułował bowiem kategoryczne poglądy w przedmiocie okresu odpowiedniej vacatio legis oraz respektowania przez legislatywę konstytucyjnych terminów przyznanych Prezydentowi Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w procesie ustawodawczym
Chapter 5 What activities can help students use technologies better?
No full textHow to Augment Language Skills outlines ways in which translators and language providers can expand their skillset and how translation technologies can be integrated into language learning and translator training. This book explains the basics of generative AI, machine translation, and translation memory suites, placing them in a historical context and assessing their fundamental impacts on language skills. It covers what to teach in a specific context, how to teach it, how to assess the result, and how to set up lively class discussions on the many problematic aspects. The exploratory empirical approach is designed to reach across several divides: between language education and translation studies, between technology designers and users, between Western and Asian research, and between abstract ideas and hands-on practice. Features include: Fifty-seven technology-related activities for the language and/or translation class. Recent research on the capacities of generative AI.Examples of how to conduct a needs analysis in the Higher Education context. Comparisons of the main teaching methods. Ways to assess the use of technologies. Examples in Chinese, Spanish, Catalan, French, and German. A full glossary explaining the key terms in clear language. Drawing on years of classroom experience, Pym and Hao illustrate how these skills can be taught in a range of classroom and online activities, making this essential reading for teachers and researchers involved in the teaching of languages and the training of translators
1: Doing fieldwork in interpretive research: encounters online, offline, and in the spaces in-between
No full textInterpretive fieldwork benefits from arts-based and other material methods, which can be employed together with more standard social-scientific methods such as interviews, conversations, and observations to explore meaning-making beyond, or to expand, linguistic representation. The authors draw on their experiences of conducting in-person fieldwork with former guerrilla fighters in Colombia and fieldwork ‘by proxy’ with research assistants among conflict-affected communities in Myanmar, as well as online research with practitioners of unarmed civilian protection in different countries, respectively. They used conversational and narrative interviews, as well as textile-making, drawing, photography, and objects as methods of interpretive research. This chapter explores the role of fieldwork in interpretive research, considering offline (in-person and ‘proxy’) as well as online fieldwork forms and settings. The authors discuss the possibilities, limitations, and challenges of these different forms of interpretive fieldwork and give advice on how to navigate them in practice.Publishe
Experiencias educativas interculturales en el Caribe colombiano
No full textIntercultural educational experiences in the Colombian Caribbean is a compendium of five ongoing research projects that critically engage with local territories, foregrounding the agency of schools, Indigenous groups, and Afro-descendant communities. These studies underscore the recognition of subjects through dialogic encounters and diverse methodological approaches, addressing themes such as the intangible cultural heritage of Afro-descendant communities in relation to their epistemological frameworks; the interface between Ette Ennaka traditional medicine and Western biomedical paradigms; the role of Arhuaco Indigenous women in shaping their own educational trajectories; the impact of interculturality on pedagogical praxis within Wayuu communities; and, finally, the nexus between identity and educational quality in multicultural contexts. While these inquiries do not claim to be conclusive, they offer critical insights and open new avenues for reflection on interculturality in the Colombian Caribbean
The People That Never Were
No full textThe People That Never Were: Linguistic Scholarship and the Invention of the Aryans takes the reader through the history of the concept Aryan, beginning with colonial scholarship in India around 1800, and ending in the first decades of the twentieth century. The book shows how Aryan emerged as a free-standing explanatory device, and a key to historical narratives of superiority and inferiority. History came to be understood as consisting of peoples or races with assigned characteristics and world views. The book takes apart the arguments for the existence of an Aryan race or people in ancient times, focussing in particular on the role of philologists in offering distorted readings of ancient Sanscrit texts. It shows that Aryan came into English around 1840, promoted primarily by F. Max Müller, whose own conceptual confusions subsequently were projected back onto ancient India and at the same time read into contemporary Europe. The conclusion looks at the academic debate today, notably in relation to scholarly authority and to the insider/outsider dichotomy that seemingly pits Western Indology against Hindu nationalism. It suggests that historical linguistics no less than race theory is based on a series of profound conceptual errors. Myths about Aryan perpetuated by scholars over two centuries have distorted our understanding of British colonialism in India as well as of Nazi ideology
Clinical Risks and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancy and Childbirth
No full textThe aim of this reprint is to immerse the reader in the latest approaches employed in modern obstetrics. Pregnancy complications, including hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction (FGR), stillbirth, and preterm delivery, are relatively common issues and may affect up to 25% of all pregnancies. These complications are in turn associated with both short- and long-term maternal and neonatal morbidity, including increased risk of neurodevelopmental and cardiovascular disease in the future. In the following reprint, leading experts in the field share their insights, research findings, and visions for the future of maternal–fetal medicine. Together, we embark on a journey to unlock the full potential of assessing clinical risks and their impact on perinatal outcomes in pregnancy and childbirth
Plantation Knowledge
No full textFew institutions feature as prominently in contemporary notions of colonialism, racism, and environmental degradation as the modern plantation. The racialized plantations of the Atlantic World loom large in the public imagination, namely those of the British Caribbean and the US South. Yet, the plantation has proliferated into the Information Age and has continued to expand across the tropical zone of our planet, surviving the abolition of slavery, the collapse of European empires, and the challenge of generations of anti-colonial thinkers. To grasp how the plantation has spread and evolved in our modern world, this volume studies what it terms plantation knowledge, or the types of expertise, experience, and information processing that have made and continue to make plantations possible. Drawing on case studies including Ireland, Mexico, Mississippi, Hawaiʻi, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Cuba, Brazil, and Central Africa, it examines the global spread of the plantation; the diverse people, beings, and forms of knowledge intertwined with this process; and the elasticity and durability of the plantation as a mode of commercial agriculture
Arbeidskulturer og kjønn i det operative politiet: En studie som rotet opp i feltet
No full textWhy is the proportion of women so low in the police's emergency response units? This question was the starting point for the research project presented by Dag Ellingsen and Ulla-Britt Lilleaas in Work Cultures and Gender in the Operational Police Force. The book addresses topics such as gender-based harassment, homosociality and sexualized abuse of power within the police. Ellingsen and Lilleaas demonstrate how these factors influence both the recruitment of women to operational positions and the challenges with retaining them. Readers also gain insight into the research process itself, from formulation of research questions to the handling of a sometimes turbulent public debate. The authors describe how their study “stirred up” a field characterized by powerful stakeholders, and how they navigated the crossfire of criticism and acknowledgment. At the same time, they reflect on the role of research in the public debate, and how methodological choices can contribute to challenging established truths. Work Cultures and Gender in the Operational Police Force is a peer-reviewed research monograph that will be relevant to students and researchers in police studies and gender research, as well as anyone interested in a critical analysis of the police
Anaesthesia and Pain Management in Large Animals
No full textThis reprint showcases recent advances in understanding concepts related to anaesthesia and analgesia in large, or production animal species. The scope of this reprint was originally broad with invitations to submit manuscripts related to both anaesthesia and analgesia in a range of species that are usually bred for food, but who may exist in a production context (small, large, intensive or extensive), in biomedical research, in agricultural research, in zoo collections, or as pets. The result is impressive with original research describing the pharmacokinetics of novel analgesic therapies in donkeys, and three separate manuscripts focused on nociception in chicken embryos. These three articles compartmentalise the criteria for nociception by evaluating the cardiovascular responses to a noxious stimulus from embryonic day 16; describing neuronal responses, assessed with electroencephalography, suggesting that developmental day 13 is the earliest embryonic stage able to receive and process nociceptive stimuli; and recording movement before and after a noxious stimulus from embryonic day 15. The reprint also includes review papers on sheep, goats, pigs and cattle. These review papers highlight the status quo, identifying the pathways to improving pain assessment and treatment of sheep, goats and cattle along with progress in the management of goat kids undergoing disbudding
Advances in Structural and Mechanical Performances of Structures and Materials
No full textThe mechanical and structural performances of constructions are essential for ensuring the safety and well-being of society. Throughout their service lives, materials and structures are subjected to various demands, including dynamic loads such as earthquakes, wind, water, and soil pressure, as well as exposure to extreme conditions such as freeze–thaw cycles, corrosion, and heat. While these challenges vary by region, researchers and engineers worldwide continually strive to address the complex demands imposed by society.Recent advancements in construction engineering have significantly matured within specialized fields. However, alongside these developments, new challenges have emerged. The construction industry continues to face numerous unresolved issues that require innovative solutions. To encourage progress in this field, an integrated approach that combines various aspects of engineering and materials science is essential. With this vision, this current Special Issue focuses on uniting achievements in both structural and material engineering as a foundational step toward further advancements.This Special Issue showcases exceptional efforts aimed at addressing the aforementioned challenges. It includes 15 papers on topics spanning from materials science to structural engineering, covering a wide range of construction materials such as wood, concrete, and steel. The collective insights presented in this compilation provide valuable perspectives that can inspire future advancements for researchers and engineers worldwide