5324 research outputs found
Sort by
An empirical discharge prediction model for smooth asymmetric compound rectangular channel validated using area method.
No full textThis paper presents an empirical, non-linear, multi variable regression model for predicting discharge in smooth asymmetric compound rectangular channel. The model is developed using experimental discharge data generated from testing nine different channel cross-sections with varied geometric dimensions. The predictive strength of the developed regression model is validated using several major statistics. All deployed statistics have indicated that the
developed model is highly significant. In addition, the area method has been used to validate the model’s discharge predictive strength. The area method predicts discharge mainly based on the cross-section geometry and apparent shear stress. As obtained from the literature, a sample of three different regression-based models has been used to estimate the apparent shear stress. Therefore, three different sets of discharge have been predicted using the area method.
The four sets of discharge predicted using the developed regression model and area method have been compared to their corresponding experimental values using the sum of squared errors (SSE). The outcome is that seven channel cross-sections out of nine tested ones resulted in minimum SSE values when discharge predicted using the developed regression model.Birzeit University, Palestin
Cost-benefit analysis model for treated wastewater use in agricultural irrigation : Four Palestinian case studies
No full textYaqoub,Eyad:
Sorial,George:
Suidan,Makram
A system dynamics model to predict municipal waste generation and management costs in developing areas.
No full textEnvironmental Engineering
Eleyan,Derar:
J.,Garfield
In-service teacher training in Palestine
No full textA chapter from a book titled : INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK ON IN-SERVICE TEACHER TRAINING AND RE-TRAINING (P. Calloginiakis, K. Carras & C, Wolhuter (Eds.) Crete: University of Crete Press)Following the Oslo Accords in 1994, the Palestinian National Authority was established to take over the administration and control of most areas of Palestinian life including education. The newly established Ministry of Education and Higher Education (MOEHE) faced the challenge of harmonizing and developing an equitable education system in two geographically separate regions - the West Bank and Gaza that were previously administered by Egypt and Jordan with separate education systems. Teachers were recruited in large numbers, many of whom lacked the necessary qualifications to teach their subject areas competently. As a result teacher induction training courses were introduced in order to familiarise teachers with the new Palestinian curriculum as well as student assessment and classroom instruction. These efforts can hardly be considered as systematic in-service training and the development of the first two Education Development Plans and the Teacher Education Strategy in Palestine (TESP) in 2008 paid particular attention to the further development of both pre- and in-service teacher training. This chapter focuses specifically on the description and analysis of in-service teacher training programmes in Palestine in the period 2005 to 2013. Main challenges and issues that were identified in the present in-service teacher training approaches include for example geo-political constraints and resultant financial pressure, the fragmented approach to training programmes as well as prevailing management and coordination programme structures in Palestine
Potential Application of Renewable Energy Sources at Urban Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Palestine – Three case studies
No full textThis paper aimed to assess the energy consumption and the removal efficiency of three wastewater treatment
plants (WWTPs) in Palestine and explores the potential application of renewable energy with associated
impacts on unit operations. National rules and regional guidelines for treated water are regulatory instruments
for the construction approval of WWTPs in Palestine. Three urban WWTPs of various technologies were
selected as case studies for the assessment. The technologies applied were conventional activated sludge with
anaerobic sludge digestion, extended aeration and membrane bioreactor (MBR) serving Nablus-West, Al-
Bireh and Altira; respectively. Analysis of collected data on the BOD5 removal were 96%, 98% and 99%;
respectively. The removal efficiency of nitrogen reached 85% and 95% for Al-Bireh and Altira; respectively
and not accounted for in Nablus-West WWTP. The energy required for both liquid and sludge lines was
calculated based on the available data and correlated with the treatment efficacy. Results analysis revealed
wide variations in the energy consumption among the three WWTPs. Altira MBR showed normal trends
compared to published literature with 2.88 kWh/m3, of which 40% was consumed by the biological treatment
stage. Al-Bireh WWTP consumed 1.86 kWh/m3 with 35% of the electrical consumption for biological stage,
and 24% for the sludge line. Nablus-WWTP consumed 2.25 kWh/m3 with 62% of the energy consumed by
the biological stage and 34% for sludge line. Underload operation below the design capacities, the specific
energy consumption for Al-Bireh and Nablus-West WWTPs are contradicting common published data for
activated sludge treatment systems. Use of renewable energy could assist in the reduction of the annual
energy operational costs. Assessment of solar photovoltaic (PV) application could yield electricity sufficient
for pump station facilities and cover 9%, 15%, and 1% of the energy demand respectively. PV installation at
Nablus WWTP showed marginal impacts if connected off-grid or if combined heat and power are not
operational until 2020, payback periods were estimated at 7.5 and 18.7 years; respectively.European Desalination Societ
