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عاصفة الحزم في الإعلام العربي
No full textترصد الدراسة اتجاهات تغطية صحافة وإعلام دول مصر والسودان ولبنان والعراق لـ "عاصفة الحزم"، من حيث حجم التغطية ومضامينها واتجاهاتها ومن ثم دورها المحتمل في صناعة تصورات الجمهور و تشكيل الرأي العام.
كما وتكمن أهمية هذه الدراسة في تبيان كيفيه تغطية الإعلام العربي بشقيه المؤسساتي والاجتماعي لعاصفة الحزم وإلى أي حد تتقاطع تغطية الإعلام المؤسساتي والرسمي مع الاجتماعي، وهل فعلا هنالك توجه عام مؤيد لعاصفة الحزم أو معارض لها داخل كل دولة على حدا أو في مجمل هذه الدول
خصائص اللغة و الفكر عند عرب ما قبل الدعوة
No full textصدر المقال في مجلة : الفكر العربي المعاصر، صيف/خريف 2012، عدد 158-159سنقوم في بحثنا هذا بإظهار بعضا مما كان عندهم رأيين، أحدهم يرى بإن الإسلام بحد ذاته شكل القطيعة الدينية و المعرفية مع عصر الجاهلية، أم البعض الآخر فيرى بأن القطيعة لم يشكلها الإسلام بحد ذاته، بل شكلها ما جاء على إثره من تعرف و انكشاف على حضارات أخرى نمت عند شعوب من غير العرب، مثل الإغريق ، وهو الرأي الشائع و المتداول.
سنعتمد في هذا على تحليل ما لدينا من لغتهم، ضمن أطر نظرية مختلفة، موظفة من قبيل باحثين في مجالات مختلفة، مثل علاقة اللغة بالهوية، و تعريف المجاز و معنى وجود
أثر التطور المالي، الدخل، إستهلاك الطاقة، الإنفتاح التجاري على انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون في الأردن
No full textThis thesis aims to study the effect of financial development, income, energy consumption, and trade openness on carbon emissions in Jordan during the period 1980 to 2011. The importance of analyzing the effect of these factors on CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions, also known as “greenhouse gases emissions”, stems from the underlying
danger of these emissions. Recently, the negative effects of these emissions on climate change have become a hot topic around the world. More alarmingly, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP, 2014) has announced that global temperature has increased by two degrees Celsius, these changes might be irreversible. In order to reduce the effects of these emissions, they must be controlled to create a balance by the middle or the end of this century. This study attempts to identify some factors affecting the CO2 emissions, and the degree of the influence of each factor. This
would help in identifying the maximum amount of carbon dioxide that can be emitted into the atmosphere, but in the accepted limits of temperature rise beyond 2020. Jordan was one of the first countries that took actions regarding the subject of the impact of carbon emissions. Jordan signed the climate change agreement in 1992, and ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. Jordan’s second report on the climate change for 2000 mentioned that the total greenhouse gas emissions are equivalent to 20 million tons of carbon dioxide. The energy sector, which accounted to about 27% of these emissions, takes lead. It is closely followed by the transport sector which accounted to about 20%. The third most influential sector is the waste sector which accounted for about 13% of the emissions
أثر التسهيلات الائتمانية على النمو الإقتصادي في فلسطين
No full textThis study investigated the impact of each type of credit facilities to private sector on economic growth in Palestine, using quarterly time series data from 2008q1 up to 2015q2. It aimed to achieve several objectives, mainly analyzing the impact of each type of facilities on the GDP, explaining the historical development of banking sector in Palestine, observing how GDP and each sector's facilities change over the period of analysis, identify the role of Palestine Monetary Authority (PMA) in directing the banking facilities to increase the economic growth, and Suggesting some recommendations to the relevant parties to enhance the Palestinian economy.
The descriptive analysis was used to describe and to show how each variable varies across time. The secondary data was collected from Palestine Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) concerning GDP, while the variables related to credit facilities were obtained from PMA.
In order to achieve the previous objectives the data were analyzed using different statistical tests such as: Unit root test (ADF) to check whether the data are stationary or not, Co-integration test to examine whether there exist a long-run relationship among variables, and finally using VECM estimates to measure numerically the short and long run impact of each type of facilities on the GDP.
The results showed that in the short run there is a positive significant relationship between consumption facilities and economic growth, while this relationship doesn’t exist between any other type of credit facilities and economic growth. In the long run the results showed that the banking facilities for real estate and constructions (RCF), mining and manufacturing (MMF) and other facilities in private sector (OTHS) has a positive significant effect on GDP, in other words, the increase in each type of these facilities will result in increase of GDP. On the other hand, local and foreign trade facilities (LFTF), business and consumer service facilities (BCSF) has a negative significant effect on GDP, that is, an increase in such facilities may result in a reduction of GDP.
The above results had implication for the economic growth in Palestine. More attention might be paid to raise the banking credits to the productive sectors specially mining and manufacturing, real estate and construction, agricultural activities, land development, tourism, hotel and restaurants, and securities purchasing activities. By supporting these sectors, they will be able to produce intermediate goods which can be used as alternative for foreign imports, and as a result reduce the trade balance deficit
النساء الرياديات في فلسطين : دراسة استكشافية لعلاقة الدوافع باستمرارية المشروع
No full textThe main objectives of this study are to identify and explore the intentions for
women entrepreneurs in Palestine to start and run their own businesses, the
characteristics of women entrepreneurs, the key success factors to women
entrepreneurs, business sustainability, the relatedness of intentions to business
sustainability, and the main barriers facing women entrepreneurs and how they
overcome these barriers.
The primary data are collected using semi-structured interviews with a selective
sample of 21 women entrepreneurs in Palestine. Content analysis is adopted to
analyze the collected data.
The results showed that there are multiple intentions that encourage women to
start and run their own businesses in Palestine. However, these intentions vary in
terms of their importance. The top five intentions are the psychological
motivation, the need to generate income and job security, independence, freedom,
and being own boss, contributing something to society, and the desire to work.
In addition, the results showed that the most two important characteristics of
women entrepreneurs are ambition and determination. Other important
characteristics include willingness to advance, optimism, willingness to work,
willingness to learn, patience, and creativity.
Moreover, the results showed that the top six critical success factors of women
entrepreneurs in Palestine are hard work, business skills, support from family and
friends, education, experience, and training, marketing factor, and good product at
competitive price.
The results also revealed that making profit is rated as the most common indicator
of women business sustainability followed by enlarging the customer base and
then being famous in the field of business.
Regarding the relatedness of intentions to start businesses to business
sustainability, the results indicated that intentions to start their businesses are
directly associated with the sustainability of their businesses. This is due to the
fact that these intentions are the driving force to start their businesses. As long as
they exist, they will do their best to enhance critical success factors which in turn
lead to sustainability of their businesses.
Finally, the study revealed that the most critical barriers facing women
entrepreneurs in Palestine are lack of government support, marketing,
competition, and raw material.
The study recommends, among other things, incorporating women's
entrepreneurial dimension in the formation of all SME - related policies,
increasing the participation of Palestinian women in the labor force, improving the
position of Palestinian women in society to promote women’s entrepreneurship,
promoting women businesses by creating favorable environment and policies
How do first and fourth year Palestinian university students in science faculties describe their understanding of some abstractive concepts and principles in quantum mechanics ?
No full textهدفت هذه الدراسة إلى وصف أنماط فهم طلبة السنة الجامعية الأولى والرابعة في كليات العلوم في
الجامعات الفلسطينية لبعض المفاهيم والمبادئ المجردة في ميكانيكا الكم، والمفاهيم البديلة التي
يحملونها حولها، و كذلك وصف مدى تطورها لديهم خلال سنوات دراستهم الجامعية في أربعة مجالات رئيسية هي: مبدأ اللايقين )Principle Uncertainty )والخاصية الحتمية )Indeterminacy) .)Atomic Model( الذري والنموذج( Wave–Particle Duality( الازدواجية والخاصية
سعت الدراسة لتحقيق هذه الأهداف من خلال محاولة الإجابة على السؤال الرئيسي التالي: كيف يصف طلبة السنة الجامعية الأولى والرابعة في كليات العلوم الفلسطينية فهمهم لبعض المفاهيم والمبادئ المجردة المتعّلقة بميكانيكا الكم؟ وللإجابة على هذا السؤال تم توظيف المنهج الكمي الوصفي التحليلي من خلال تصميم اختبار تشخيصي للمفاهيم البديلة حول المفاهيم والمبادئ
المجردة الأربعة التي شملتها الدراسة استخدم في جمع البيانات من عينات ممثلة من طلبة السنة الأولى والرابطة في جامعات بيرزيت والنجاح الوطنية والقدس. كمطا تم توظيف المنهج الكيفي من خلال تطوير مقابلة شبه منظمة بهدف التعمق في وصف وتحليل أنماط فهم الطلبة لهذه المفاهيم كد من صدق وثبات والمبادئ المجردة، ومدى تطورها خلال سنوات دراستهم الجامعية. وقد تم التأكد الأدوات من خلال عرضها على مجموعة من المحكمين وتجر يبها على عينة استطلاعية من خارج
عينة الدراسة، كما تم حساب معامل الاتساق الداخلي كرونباخ ألفا إجابات الطلبة على بنود الاختبار التي بلغت 6.0. أظهرت نتائج التحليل الكمي للبيانات تدني نسب متوسطات الإجابات الصحيحة للمفاهيم والمبادئ ّ المجردة التي شملتها الدراسة. كما وأظهرت النتائج تفاوت متوسطات النسب المئوية للمفاهيم البديلة التي يحملها الطلبة في محاور الدراسة الأربعة، كان أعلاها في محور مبدأ اللايقين وأدناها في محور الخاصية اللاحتمية، وأشارت إلى أن مدى التغّلب على المفاهيم البديلة الخاصة بمحوري النموذج منخفضا إلى حد كبير. الذري والخاصية الازدواجية ما بين السنة الأولى والرابعة كان اهم نتائج التحليل الكيفي للمقابلات مع طلبة السنة الأولى فأظهرت أفكارا أن معظم الطلبة يحملون كلاسيكية في تفسير فهمهم للمفاهيم والمبادئ المجردة الأربعة التي شملتها الدراسة، بينما خل معظم طلبة السنة الرابعة بين أفكار كمية وكلاسيكية عكست سطحية فهمهم
وتطوره في كثير من الأحيان من الناحية الشكلية والرياضية فق . يمكن القول بأن ما توصلت إليه هذه الدراسة يتوافق إلى حد كبير مع نتائج بعض الدراسات الإقليمية أكد على ّ و العالمية التي تمت مراجعتها، و التي ت ّ أن الطلبة في جميع المستويات الأكاديمية يعانون من قصور في فهم مواضيع ميكانيكا الكم، ومن المفاهيم البديلة التي يحملونها حولها. بناء على هذه النتائج خرجت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات العملية لأساتذة اصطناع السياسات في الجامعات الفلسطينية، وأخرى لدراسات مستقبلية
Evidence for the importance of litter as co-substrate for MCPA dissipation in an agricultural soil
No full textPAGEL,HOLGER:
ENOWASHU,ESTHER:
DEVERS,MARION:
MARTIN LAURENT,FABRICE:Environmental controls of 2-methyl-4-
chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) degradation are poorly understood.
We investigated whether microbial MCPA degraders
are stimulated by (maize) litter and whether this process depends
on concentrations of MCPA and litter. In a microcosm experiment,
different amounts of litter (0, 10 and 20 g kg−1
) were added
to soils exposed to three levels of the herbicide (0, 5 and 30 mg
kg−1
). The treated soils were incubated at 20 °C for 6 weeks, and
samples were taken after 1, 3 and 6 weeks of incubation. In soils
with 5 mg kg−1 MCPA, about 50 % of the MCPAwas dissipated
within 1 week of the incubation. Almost complete dissipation of
the herbicide had occurred by the end of the incubation with no
differences between the three litter amendments. At the higher
concentration (30 mg kg−1
), MCPA endured longer in the soil,
with only 31 % of the initial amount being removed at the end of
the experiment in the absence of litter. Litter addition greatly
increased the dissipation rate with 70 and 80 % of the herbicide
being dissipated in the 10 and 20 g kg−1 litter treatments, respectively.
Signs of toxic effects of MCPA on soil bacteria were
observed from related phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses,
while fungi showed higher tolerance to the increased MCPA
levels. The abundance of bacterial tfdA genes in soil increased
with the co-occurrence of litter and high MCPA concentration,
indicating the importance of substrate availability in fostering
MCPA-degrading bacteria and thereby improving the potential
for removal of MCPA in the environment
Synthesis,characterization and antimicrobial activity of zinc(II)ibuprofen complexes with nitrogen-based ligands
No full textChemistry and Allied Sciences
Omar,Suhad:
Darwish,Mohanad:
Faris,Hadeel
The English Language Teaching Situation in Palestine
No full textThe modern-day areas of Palestine corresponding to the West Bank
including East Jerusalem and the Gaza strip represent some interesting and
dynamic sociolinguistic realities. First, although these are areas in which
colloquial Arabic has traditionally been spoken by a majority of the
population, several other languages have been in use in educational domains
especially Classical Arabic, Turkish, and French among Christians.
However, the British Mandate period saw the establishment of English as an
important language of political, economic, and cultural power within
Palestine. Yet with the establishment of the State of Israel in areas that were
once part of British Mandate Palestine, a new language was introduced to the
area, Modern Israeli Hebrew. Still, English has endured, partly as a colonial
leftover, but also increasingly as a window onto the world for Palestinians. The present chapter explores the enduring yet changing role that English has played and continues to play in the educational system of Palestine. The chapter concludes with evaluations of current English teaching and educational policy in Palestine and provides suggestions for enhancing this policy in order to promote economic development and growth while maintaining cultural authenticity