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Fragmentation of agricultural land properties : its causes and its social and economic consequences in the villages of Northeast and Northwest of Ramallah and Al-Bireh governate : a comparison study in applied geography
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Smoking and life-course events among youths living in Area C of the occupied Palestinian territory: an analysis of data from the Palestinian Family Health Survey
No full textBackground Individuals’ maturity, independence, and freedom of choice involve five risky behaviours; smoking is the one that most seriously affects individual and public health. Since OSLO accord in 1993, 60% of the West Bank has been under Israeli military control (known as Area C) and is home to about 300000 Palestinians and a settler population of at least 325500 people. Israel retains the area to serve military training, economic interests, and settlement development, potentially affecting Palestinian people’s life course. We aimed to compare smoking and lifecourse events among youths aged 14–29 years in 2010 living in Palestinian areas under Palestinian control (PA) of the West Bank and Gaza Strip (population 837099 youths) with those residing in Area C (population 90000 youths) in the
West Bank. Methods We used data from the Palestinian Family Health Survey (which was done by the Palestinian Centre Bureau of Statistics in 2010), in which smoking was the dependent variable. A youth’s life-course events, including school
enrolment, employment status, marital status, combined with employment (ie, married and employed), and waiting (ie, not married, employed, or studying), were regarded as independent variables in addition to other important factors using SPSS software (version 17).
Findings 25 484 youths were included in the analyses (1714 [7%] living in Area C and 24132 [93%] living in PA).
255 (15%) youths in Area C were smokers compared with 3163 (13%) in PA. Bivariate analyses showed a significant association between smoking statuses and sex (p≤0·05), age (p≤0·05), life course (p≤0·05), region of residency (p≤0·05), wealth-index quintiles (p≤0·05), and area (p≤0·05). Logistic regression showed that youths living in Area C were more likely to smoke than those living in PA (odds ratio [OR] 1·55, 95% CI 1·29–1·86). Moreover, more youths reported to be smokers who were employed and married (41·6%) than workers not married (38·9%) and waiting (19·1%). Youths older than 17 years were more likely to smoke (aged 18–25 years: OR 4·19, 95% CI 3·63–4·85; aged 26–29 years: OR 5·45, 4·55–6·53) than were those aged younger than 17 years. Those living in the West Bank were more likely to smoke
than those living in Gaza (4·70, 4·19–5·27). Living in rural refugee camps doubled the probability of being smokers
than living in urban camps (1·48 1·27–1·72). Finally, men had an increased probability to be smokers compared with
women (74·02, 57·70–94·98). Of youths living in Area C, only students were most likely to smokers. In PA, unemployed youths and students were both most likely to be smokers.
Interpretation Additional in-depth research is needed to understand the coping mechanisms used by youths to reach adulthood under stressful situations. A limitation of our study was that socioeconomic status was not included in the statistical model
الحكم و الحقوق و الحياة اليومية في فلسطين
No full textيستند الحكم، بالنسبة إلى الفلسطيني، على المكان الذي يعيش فيه الفرد الفلسطيني وعلى وضعيته القانونية في النظام القائم، وغالبًا ما تتسبب الجهود الرامية إلى إصلاح هذا الوضع في ترسيخه. طريقة الحكم في فلسطين تختلف عن طريقة "الحكم" في سائر بلدان العالم. فالحكم خارج فلسطين يعني القواعد التي تحدد كيف يحيا المواطنون حياتهم اليومية تحت مبدأ المساواة بالحقوق. اما طريقة الحكم فانها تختلف من مكان لآخر وبين فلسطيني وآخر
Anticancer antibacterial and anti fungal activities of arum Palestinium plant extracts
No full textPublished in : World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017.5, Vol 6, Issue 1, pp. 31-43Traditional natural remedies have long played an important role in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. A part from the high cost and undesirable side effects associated with synthetic drugs, increased interest has intensified to determine the biological effects of plant extracts on malignant cells as alternative for conventional drugs used in the markets. The medicinal properties of Arum Palaestinum Boiss were in-vitro investigated in this research project. Arum palaestinum is chosen based on its use in traditional palestinian herbal medicine. The leaves of this plant were air dried in the shade and then three types of extract were obtained and their antimicrobial and for anticancer activity testing. Investigations on three different cancer cell lines (C2Cl2, 3T3-L1, Hela) revealed direct inhibitory effect of the extracts. This effect differs according to concentrations used. Aqueous boiled extract was more effective at lower extract concentrations as compared to other two extracts. Arum palaestinum plant extracts showed no inhibitory effect on bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as well as yeasts (Candida albicans). In conclusion, Arum palaestinum has potentially anticancer effect. Further investigations are required to confirm this conclusion and to elucidate the mechanisms of actions and toxicity of this herb
Control of solid-state fault current limiter for DG-integrated distribution systems
No full textFault current limier (FCL) is a device that limits the system current under fault conditions without disconnecting the system and affecting the power system protection components such as circuit breakers. Many types of FCLs have been proposed to limit the magnitude of the fault current. Solid-state fault current limiters (SSFCLs) can limit the peak value of the fault current by applying several methods, such as controlling the system impedance or controlling the voltage that appears across the fault. In this paper, a new control scheme for the SSFCL circuit is presented. The control method is based on controlling the duty cycle of solid state switches to control the rms value of the system fault current. Numerical simulations using Matlab/Simulink confirm the technical features of the presented control method of SSFCL
The economic feasibility of 50 pilot-scale biogas systems in Maputo, Mozambique
No full textA biogas is a technology that depends on microorganisms that converts fermentable organic matter into a combustible gas and matured organic manure. Anaerobic decomposition works in the absence of oxygen, yielding methane, carbon dioxide, and water. Biogas obtained through this biological process could be from several matters (animal or agricultural waste) that are available in surrounding environment. Beneficial uses of biogas entail direct heating and lighting process, and the effluent released from the biogas digester could be an excellent fertilizer. The production and utilization of biogas from anaerobic digestion provides many environmental and socio-economic benefits for the society as well as for the farmers. The utilization of the biogas enhances the local economic capabilities, provides employments and jobs in rural areas, decreases local purchasing power, and improves a living standard that contributes the economic and social development. Farmers also have many benefits from the biogas products include, the farmers can use the biogas plant effluent as fertilizers instead of chemicals one that affected the soil quality and fertility. The biogas utilization biogas reduces environmental impacts including the reduction of pollutants, minimization of odors, preserves natural resource, and abate climate change impacts, compared to other fuels. This research study aims at the construction of a biogas plant in “Matutuine District in Maputo, Mozambique” Province. Feed includes livestock manure (cow and chicken manure) and the agricultural waste that is available in the country, the expected biogas production will be used to generate electricity for lighting (of 50 households spread across the town) and to feed electricity and produce fertilizers for land application (250 ha) of Matutuine agricultural land.Islamic Development Ban
Jubran Kazma and the Beisan Land Affair : 1921-1923
No full textArticle was published in : This Week in Palestine, issue 233, p.52-57The essay introduces the story of Jubran Juzma, a Palestinian nationalist and farmer, who played a key role in the leadership of the community in the Beisan valley during the early 1920s, leading to the recognition of Arab rights to the land therein and serving in the demarcation commission that implemented the Beisan land settlement. Jubran was son of a famous Palestinian educator in the Russian schools in Nazareth and other locations in greater Syria, and was one of the early Arab nationalists to mobilize against Ottoman rule in 1910-1913
