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Distributed passive monitoring in sensor networks
No full textOperation and control in wireless sensor networks (WSN) demands for new concepts and strategies such as distributed behavior control and self-organization. During the development and operation, the verification of the implemented algorithms is usually hard to discover. Monitoring techniques are required for this purpose. We present a concept for passive monitoring of WSN. Our hierarchical architecture allows a distributed monitoring and a subsequent analysis of the network traffic in the sensor networks. Basically, we employ sensor nodes with two radio interfaces. The first one is used to passively intercept radio packets in order to prevent any impact on the observed network behavior. The other one sends received information to the next level in the monitoring hierarchy towards a central analysis statio
Human resource optimization for bug fixing : balancing short-term and long-term objectives
No full textIn software development projects, bugs are usually accumulated and technical debt gets bigger over time. Managers decide to reduce the technical debt by planning one or more iterations for bug fixing. The
time required to fix a bug depends on the required skill and the resource skill level. Managers seek to achieve fixing the highest number of bugs during the iteration while at the same time fixing the highest possible number of high severity and high priority bugs. In this study, we optimize the human resource assignment to achieve the objectives above, using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, and then we add a fourth objective, i.e. that the bugs left out of the iteration should require the least time to finish. We show that the additional objective can be optimized without the detriment of other objectives. The lesson is that complicating the multi-objective problem formulation can help with the overall quality of the solutions
Development and validation of a stability-indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of florfenicol and flunixin meglumine combination in an injectable solution
No full textThe combination of the powerful antimicrobial agent florfenicol and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory flunixin meglumine is used for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and control of BRD-associated pyrexia, in beef and nonlactating dairy cattle.
This study describes the development and validation of an HPLC-UVmethod for the simultaneous determination of florfenicol and
flunixin, in an injectable preparation with a mixture of excipients.The proposed RP-HPLC method was developed by a reversed phase- (RP-) C18e (250mm× 4.6 mm, 5 m) column at roomtemperature, with an isocraticmobile phase of acetonitrile and water mixture, and pH was adjusted to 2.8 using diluted phosphoric acid, a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and ultraviolet detection at 268 nm. The stability-indicating method was developed by exposing the drugs to stress conditions of acid and base hydrolysis, oxidation, photodegradation, and thermal degradation; the obtained degraded products were successfully separated from the APIs. This method was validated in accordance with FDA and ICH guidelines and showed excellent linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness, LOD, LOQ, and system suitability results within the acceptance criteria.Advanced Veterinary Manufacturing Company (Palestine
The impact of sportive anxiety on the learning of non-practicing students of swimming in physical education at the University of Jerusalem
No full textThe study aimed to identify the impact of sportive anxiety on the learning of nonpracticing students of swimming in physical education at the University of Jerusalem. The study was conducted on a sample of (69) male and female students, data were collected via a questionnaire developed by the researchers. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences at (0.05) in the impact of supportive anxiety on Practitioners of swimming sport specialization according to the variables of (gender, school year). Researchers recommended that there should be a development in educational plans in colleges, curricula, courses, interest in providing the appropriate equipment and staff training
Farmer’s attitude toward treated sludge use in the West Bank, Palestine
No full textAn application of treated sewage sludge on
agricultural land has been widely accepted, as this method
is simple and economical for disposal of wastewater
residues. When applied properly on an agricultural land,
sludge can replenish organic matter and nutrients in soil.
Although sewage sludge has been used in agriculture in
many parts of the world, its acceptability varies with
different cultures and beliefs among farmers. Farmers’
concerns on sludge use are primarily due to its anthropogenic
origin, pollutants that it carries, a general perception
of sewage being dirty, and its offensive odor.
This paper aims to investigate farmers’ perceptions on
land application of treated sewage sludge on their farm.
This study targeted two farming communities, namely,
Anza and Beit Dajan villages, located in Jenin and
Nablus districts in the West Bank, Palestine. In this
study, a sample of 106 farmers were randomly selected
and surveyed through a mixture of structured and openended
questions. Results indicated that, overall, farmers
have positive perceptions on land application of sludge.
A majority of the farmers are in favor of the concept of
sludge use when a planned wastewater treatment plant is
constructed and it becomes operational. Results also
indicate that a majority of the farmers are in favor of
using sludge for fertilizing fruit trees, rather than growing
vegetables and other plants in a greenhouse, and that
many of them have knowledge of sludge properties and
advantages and disadvantages of sludge use in agriculture.
Despite the positive perceptions by the majority of
farmers, a small fraction of the farmers are in disfavor of
the use of sludge for the following reasons: psychological
and social concerns, potential health risks, and their
religious beliefs. Results further suggest that the land
application of treated sewage sludge can be accepted by
more farmers if the consumers are willing to buy agricultural
products fertilized by sludge, sludge meets the
public health requirements, and sludge is available at
low costs. To improve farmers’ perceptions on the land
application of sludge, several measures are
recommended
General perspective of income inequality in Palestine
No full textThis study represents the first step in studying income inequality in Palestine. using the consumption inequality as an indicator to income inequality, the main purpose for this study was to investigate the dynamic interrelations among different macroeconomic indicators and the consumption inequality using a time series if data from 1996-2011. Vector Autoregressive model with an application of impulse response functions and the variance decomposition of forecast errors were used to study the dynamic interrelations and the transmission channels between the income inequality, trade openness, unemployment rate and the economic growth. Stationary properties of the series used in the study were integrated at first order AR (1). Also, this study has applied the Johannsen test of Cointegration to examine the existence of long run relationships between different variables. Different inequality measures have been calculated through the study, the empirical analysis was based on the Theil's T index to measure inequality. This study has argued that based on the empirical distribution of consumption data the Theil's T index was the best inequality measure to capture the reality of inequality in Palestine. This study has showed that the VAR model used was stable and so the study proceeded to test for the granger causality between the different variables and to analyze the transmission channels between the variables using IRFs. The Granger Causality Test has showed that each pair of the variables included are Granger causing each other except for the relation between the GDP per capita growth and the Theil's T index which shows that the GDP growth is causing the consumption inequality where on the other hand the consumption inequality doesn't granger cause the growth in GDP per capita. The IRFs has showed that trade openness, unemployment r and the economic growth are positively affecting the Theil's T index. The FEVD have showed that for a forecast horizon of five years, up to 30% of the changes in the consumption inequality in Palestine can be explained by changes in the growth in GDP growth per capita and that the trade openness explains about 1% of the changes in the consumption inequality and about 7% of the movements in consumption inequality can be explained by changes in the unemployment rate
فسخ العقد : تحليل مقارن بين مجلة الأحكام العدلية و مبادئ اليونيدروا 2010
No full textمقال نشر في مجلة العلوم القانونية و السياسية، العدد الخامس عشر، يناير 2017، ص. 165-182تتناول هذه الدراسة الأحكام القانونية الرئيسة الناظمة لفسخ العقد في ظل جملة الأحكام العدلية و مبادئ اليونيدروا بشأن العقود التجارية الدولية لسنة 2010. تم دراسة فسخ العقد من ناحية الفسخ بالإرادة المنفردة للمتعاقد، و الفسخ القضائي، و حالات حققتهما. و قد ارتأت هذه الدراسة في معاجلتها للموضوع الإنطلاق من المجلة و تحليل موقفها من المسائل حمل البحث، و من ثم مقاربة ما تم التوصل بشأنه مع مبادئ اليونيدروا؛ لعدم تنظيم المجلة بشكل مباشر، و في كثير من الأحيان، للمسائل حمل المقارنة، و وضوح هذه الأخيرة في مبادئ اليونيدروا ، لقد توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود مواطن تشابه معتبره بين المجلة و الفقه الإسلامي مع مبادئ اليونيدروا، ما يشير بوضوح إلى تمثيل القانون الإسلامي، جنبا إلى جنب مع النظم القانونية الرئيسة الأخرى في العالم، في هذه المبادئ. ما يساهم في توحيد مبادئ العقود على المستوى الدولي، و بالتالي تسهيل حركة التجارة الدولية في مختلف الأقطارThis study addresses the key legal provisions of contract termination in the light of Mejellah and UNIDROIT principles on international commercial contracts as amended in 2010. Termination of contract has been demonstrated in terms of termination by unilateral will and judicial verdict. The study first tackled the right of creditor in both retention and specific performance of the contract to enforce debtor on fulfillment of his obligations. The study has demonstrated and analyzed the matter in question as regulated in the
Mejellah and then we compared what we have concluded with the relevant UNIDROIT principles since most of the legal aspects of the theme are not directly articulated in the Mejellah articles, while they are clearly stated in the UNIDROIT principles.
The study has found a considerable similarity between the Mejellah and Islamic jurisprudence with the UNIDROIT Principles in various areas of the subject matter; which indicates that the Islamic Law is represented in the
principles along with the other major legal systems in the world. Accordingly, this conclusion contributes to the unification of the principles of contracts at the international level, and thus facilitating international trade between different countries
Courting economic and social rights in Palestine : justiciability, enforceability and the role of the Supreme Constitutional Court
No full textهذه المقالة ترجمة لمقالة ستنشر باللغة الإنكليزية في مجلة الشريعة و القانون (جامعة الإمارات) و قد تم ترجمتها لإاتاحتها بالعربية لطلبة جامعة بيرزيت، مساق الرقابة على دستورية القوانين و غيرهم من المهتمين. تعالج دور المحكمة الدستورية العليا الفلسطينية في ضمان احترام الحقوق الأساسية مع التركيز على الحقوق الاقتصادية و الاجتماعية