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Levels of metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Fe) in cow’s milk, dairy products and hen’s eggs from the West Bank, Palestine
No full textAgricultural and Food Sciences
Swaileh,Khaled:
Muhammad,Ratib:
,Munther Metani
Needlestick injury among interns and medical students in the Occupied Palestinian Territory
No full textPublic Health and Public Preventive Medicine
Abu Rmeileh,Niveen:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of needlestick injury (NSI) among interns
and medical students as well as their knowledge of, attitude towards and their protective strategies against
exposure to bloodborne pathogens. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 272 participants using a selfadministered questionnaire. Just over 40% of the participants had experienced at least 1 NSI. Wound suturing
was the most common cause of injury (33.5%), and the highest incidence (55.5%) was in the emergency room.
Failure to report the injury to health representatives was recorded for 48.6% of NSIs. Only 46.7% of the interns had
received the hepatitis B vaccine whereas most of the students (76.8%) had completed their vaccination schedule
(P < 0.001). Participants were found to be at a high risk of NSIs and bloodborne infection
Contrasting the effects of different frequency bands on speaker and accent identification
No full textThis letter presents an experimental study investigating the effect of frequency sub-bands on regional accent identification (AID) and speaker identification (SID) performance on the ABI-1 corpus. The AID and SID systems are based on Gaussian mixture modeling. The SID experiments show up
to 100% accuracy when using the full 11.025 kHz bandwidth. The best AID performance of 60.34% is obtained when using band-pass filtered (0.23–3.4 kHz) speech. The experiments using isolated narrow sub-bands show that the regions (0–0.77 kHz) and (3.40–11.02 kHz) are the most useful for SID, while those in the region (0.34–3.44 kHz) are best for AID. AID experiments are also performed with intersession variability compensation, which provides the biggest performance gain in the (2.23–5.25 kHz) regio
The psychology of resilience among Palestinian female students
No full textIn this paper I present initial findings from a qualitative exploratory study with a small sample of academically resilient Palestinian female students in the West Bank. Participants reported a number of
factors that from their personal experiences explain the remarkable academic achievement among Palestinian female students including: Family support, female segregated schools, supportive female
teachers, educational success as a path to the public space, and resilient personal characteristic
The Arabs before Islam : a refutation of a prevailing conception
No full textيسلط هذا البحث الضوء على كيفية تعامل التيار السائد من الباحثين القدماء و المعاصرين مع عرب ما قبل الدعوة الإسلامية، ليظهر تأثير أفكارهم المسبقة على نتائج أبحاثهم، وعلى تكريس تصور سيسود في أدبيات عدة، مفاده أن العرب لم يكن لديهم فكر أو تجريد فلسفي. ولبيان مواضيع التناقض بين الأطر النظرية المعتمدة في إجراء تلك الأبحاث، و التفسيرات المقدمة من قبلهم، لما يرونه و يجدونه عند العرب كدلالة على حجم الإشكالات المتضمنة في مثل هذه الأبحاث، هذا من ناحية، ومن ناحية أخرى يقوم البحث بتبيان ما كان عند العرب من غنى لغوي (أهل اللغة العربية) لتكون أداة أبستمولوجية تعزز الدراية المعرفية، لا يتعلق بالطبيعة و بضرورات الحياة في الصحراء فحسب، بل أيضا فيما يتعلق بتأويل حياتهم الإجتماعية و الثقافية على حد سوا
Activation of the Pyrin Inflammasome by Intracellular Burkholderia cenocepacia
No full textAuthors include Anwari Akhter, Daniel F. Aubert, Mostafa, Basant A. Abdulrahman, Jaykumar Grandhi, Mikhail A. Gavrilin, Dalia H. A. Abdelaziz, Mahmoud Miguel A. Valvano, Mark D. Wewers and Amal O. AmerBurkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic infection and induces progressive respiratory inflammation in cystic fibrosis patients. Recognition of bacteria by mononuclear cells generally results in the activation of caspase-1 and processing of IL-1β, a major proinflammatory cytokine. In this study, we report that human pyrin is required to detect intracellular B. cenocepacia leading to IL-1β processing and release. This inflammatory response involves the host adapter molecule ASC and the bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS). Human monocytes and THP-1 cells stably expressing either small interfering RNA against pyrin or YFP–pyrin and ASC (YFP–ASC) were infected with B. cenocepacia and analyzed for inflammasome activation. B. cenocepacia efficiently activates the inflammasome and IL-1β release in monocytes and THP-1. Suppression of pyrin levels in monocytes and THP-1 cells reduced caspase-1 activation and IL-1β release in response to B. cenocepacia challenge. In contrast, overexpression of pyrin or ASC induced a robust IL-1β response to B. cenocepacia, which correlated with enhanced host cell death. Inflammasome activation was significantly reduced in cells infected with T6SS-defective mutants of B. cenocepacia, suggesting that the inflammatory reaction is likely induced by an as yet uncharacterized effector(s) of the T6SS. Together, we show for the first time, to our knowledge, that in human mononuclear cells infected with B. cenocepacia, pyrin associates with caspase-1 and ASC forming an inflammasome that upregulates mononuclear cell IL-1β processing and release
A model for the electronic support of practice- based research networks
No full textPURPOSE The principal goal of the electronic Primary Care Research Network (ePCRN) is to enable the development of an electronic infrastructure to support clinical research activities in primary care practice-based research networks (PBRNs). We describe the model that the ePCRN developed to enhance the growth and to expand the reach of PBRN research.
METHODS Use cases and activity diagrams were developed from interviews with key informants from 11 PBRNs from the United States and United Kingdom. Discrete functions were identifi ed and aggregated into logical components. Interaction diagrams were created, and an overall composite diagram was constructed describing the proposed software behavior. Software for each component was written and aggregated, and the resulting prototype application was pilot tested for feasibility. A practical model was then created by separating application activities into distinct software packages based on existing PBRN business rules, hardware requirements, network requirements, and security concerns.
RESULTS We present an information architecture that provides for essential interactions, activities, data fl ows, and structural elements necessary for providing support for PBRN translational research activities. The model describes research information exchange between investigators and clusters of independent data sites supported by a contracted research director. The model was designed to support recruitment for clinical trials, collection of aggregated anonymous data, and retrieval of identifi able data from previously consented patients across hundreds of practices. CONCLUSIONS The proposed model advances our understanding of the fundamental roles and activities of PBRNs and defi nes the information exchange commonly used by PBRNs to successfully engage community health care clinicians in translational research activities. By describing the network architecture in a language familiar to that used by software developers, the model provides an important foundation for the development of electronic support for essential PBRN research activities
