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A unified structural/terminological interoperability framework based on LexEVS: application to TRANSFoRm
No full textObjective biomedical research increasingly relies on the integration of information from multiple heterogeneous data sources. Despite the fact that structural and terminological aspects of interoperability are interdependent and rely on a common set of requirements, current efforts typically address them in isolation. We propose a unified ontology-based knowledge framework to facilitate interoperability between heterogeneous sources, and investigate if using the LexEVS terminology server is a viable implementation method. Materials and methods We developed a framework based on an ontology, the general information model (GIM), to unify structural models and terminologies, together with relevant mapping sets. This allowed a uniform access to these resources within LexEVS to facilitate interoperability by various components and data sources from implementing architectures. Results Our unified framework has been tested in the context of the EU Framework Program 7 TRANSFoRm project, where it was used to achieve data integration in a retrospective diabetes cohort study. The GIM was successfully instantiated in TRANSFoRm as the clinical data integration model, and necessary mappings were created to support effective information retrieval for software tools in the project. Conclusions We present a novel, unifying approach to address interoperability challenges in heterogeneous data sources, by representing structural and semantic models in one framework. Systems using this architecture can rely solely on the GIM that abstracts over both the structure and coding. Information models, terminologies and mappings are all stored in LexEVS and can be accessed in a uniform manner (implementing the HL7 CTS2 service functional model). The system is flexible and should reduce the effort needed from data sources personnel for implementing and managing the integratio
Yellow and all-red intervals: how to improve safety and reduce delay ?
No full textYellow and all-red intervals are intended as a margin of safety. The duration of change
intervals needed for safe stopping or crossing of vehicles is not the same for all traffic conditions
and patterns. Thus some traffic patterns may not need the full designed intervals’ durations
as a safety margin; while at other times, they are not sufficient due mainly to drivers trying to
avoid to stop at red lights. The challenge for traffic engineers is to minimize the intersection
delay and at the same time maximize intersection safety. A methodology for providing variable
length yellow and all-red intervals, based on traffic responsive sensors and logical commands,
is outlined. The methodology stresses that safety is improved at some cases over the designed
fixed yellow and all-red intervals, but never compromised lower than the default fixed yellow
and all-red intervals. In addition, delay is reduced for various traffic patterns. Adhering to traffic
agencies standards and regulations is addressed, not only to outline the practical limitations,
but also to introduce discussion for potential positive change
Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of mononuclear and binuclear end on BIS(μ- ACETATO) bridged copper (II) complexes with N-methylimidazole . Biometic sod and oxidase catalytic activities
No full textThese copper acetate complexes are models of copper metalloenzymesCopper plays an important role in a variety of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Copper containing enzymes have mononuclear and binuclear structures. Over the years we have prepared and studied several mononuclear and binuclear Cu(II) carboxylate complexes with several nitrogen based ligands as biomimetics for copper containing enzymes[1,2]. Our studies of these complexes revealed that one of the factors which influences the formation of mononuclear structure over the binuclear structure is an increase in the basicity of the nitrogen ligand. Other studies showed that the nature of the solvent, especially water or water-organic solvent mixture plays an important role in the formation of either molecular copper (II) carboxylate structures. The water plays a role through its coordination as a ligand or through its hydrogen bondings as lattice molecule. Herein, we report two complexes, mononuclear Cu (CH3COO)2(L)2 (1) (L= N-methylimidazole) and binuclear [Cu2(μ-CH3COO)4(L)4].6H2O (2), which are obtained from the interaction of anhydrous copper(II) acetate and N-methylimidazole, and copper(II) acetate monohydrate and N-methylimidazole, respectively, and studied their spectroscopic properties, especially, their ESR spectroscopy. The obtained spectral data are consistent with their previously determined X-ray structures for the two complexes [3,4]. Complex (1) has the familiar mononuclear Cu(II) carboxylate complexes with N-ligands which contain CuO2 N2+O2 chromophore. Complex (2) contains dimeric core generated by two mono-atomic bridging carboxylate ligands with one terminal carboxylate and two trans situated N-methlylimidazole molecules at each copper atom complete the coordination environment of the five-coordinate copper(II) centers.
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of these complexes has been measured using alkaline DMSO as a source of superoxide radical (O2-) and nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) as O2− scavenger. The obtained values are compared with those previously reported for other biomimetic Cu(II) complexes under similar conditions. In addition, the biomimetic oxidase catalytic activities of the complexes for the oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (DTBC) to the corresponding o-quinone (DTBQ) and for the oxidative coupling of two molecules of 2-aminophenol (OAP) to 2-aminophenoxazin-3-one (APX) , are also reported
References
[1] A.L.Abuhijleh, J Khalaf, ,Eur.J.Med.Chem.,2010, 45, 3811-3817.
[2] A.L.Abuhijleh, Inorg.chem.commun., 2011, 14,759-762.
[3] O.Kuhl, S.Millinghaus, G.J.Palm, Cent.Eur.J.Chem., 2011,9, 706-711.
[4] B.Y.Boukari, A.Busnot, F.Busnot, A.Leclaire, M.A.Bernard, Acta Cryst., 1982, B38, 2458-2460.Birzeit Universit
إعادة استخدام الكرامة في دراسات اللجوء
No full textمن خلال مراجعة الأدبيات التي ربطت بشكل او باخر بين "الكرامة الإنسانية" و "اللاجئين" ، تبين ان استخدام مفهوم الكرامة الانسانية في دراسات اللجوء كان يرتكز بشكل كبير على الاشارة الى عودة اللاجئين الى بلادهم بكرامة، ثم بدأ مفهوم الكرامة الإنسانية بالتوسع لدى الباحثين و المهتمين بانهم يستحقون الكرامة الإنسانية سواء عادوا لبلادهم ام لم يعودوا، فكانت كرامة المهجرين تتمثل باطار أي من الحلول الثلاث العودة للوطن الأم، الدمج في البلد المضيف، او اعادة التوطين في دولة ثالثة ويفترض باللاجئين ان يتلقوا الحماية و حقوقهم الإنسانية كغيرهم من الناس اذا انهم و قبل كل شيء بشرا يستحقون الاهتمام وكل الحقوق و الحريات التي حددها القانون الدولي التعاقدي و العرفي على حد سوا
Spatial Transformation of Jerusalem: 1967 to Present
No full textHussein,Al-Rimmawi:Department of GeographyThis article investigates the spatial transformation of the holy city of Jerusalem from 1967 to present.
Since the middle of nineteenth century, new foreign Jewish and other immigrants played a great role
in changing the traditional landscape of this holy city. At present, this holy city is being transformed
into segregated neighborhoods. New mega urban projects are being constructed regardless of the
holiness of the place, in order to change its identity as well as its demographic balance. Only just and
lasting peace between Palestinians and Israelis is the only guarantee to keep Jerusalem’s traditional
landscape in place and at the same it may be modernize
Removal of aqueous rare earth elements (REEs) using nano-iron based materials
No full textSemira,Yeşiller:Izmir Institute of Technology
Cagri,Uzum:Surflay Nanotec GmbHThe uptake of REEs was investigated using nano-zero valentiron (nZVI) and alumina-supported nZVI (AlnZVI). The results indicated fast uptake, with saturation approached within 10 min of contact between
solutions and solids. Upon using nZVI, the uptake of REEs seemed to be quantitative over the studied
range of concentration; 1.0–100.0 mg L1
. When Al-nZVI was used, complete removal was achieved
within the range of 1.0–10.0 mg L1
. The solids demonstrated stable performance beyond pH of 2.0, up to
neutral pH conditions. Fractionation of REEs on Al-nZVI was observed. The REE ions seem to be fixed to
oxide and oxyhydroxide surface group
Fighting against the Wall: Social Media use by Political Activists in a Palestinian Village
No full textWe analyze practices of political activists in a Palestinian
village located in the West Bank, who organize weekly
demonstrations against Israel’s settlement policy and the
separation wall. Over a period of 28 months, we
conducted a field study consisting of eight days ‘on the
ground’ observation and interviewing, and extensive
monitoring of Internet communication. We describe the
activists’ background and their efforts to organize these
demonstrations under conditions of military occupation.
Over time, we observe the role both digital and material
factors play in the organization of protest
