Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Zum Verhältnis der Fachdidaktik Philosophie/Ethik zu den Ansprüchen aktueller Forschung zum Climate Engineering
Full text linkDer Beitrag reflektiert eine Zusammenarbeit der Fachdidaktik Philosophie/Ethik an der LMU München mit dem Forschungsprogramm CDRterra (BMBF). Der erste Teil stellt konkret das Forschungsprogramm CDRterra vor und problematisiert die Idee der Thematisierung von Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) Technologien im Unterricht als Teil einen auf Akzeptanz abzielenden Stakeholder-Dialogs. Dagegen wird eine bildungstheoretisch gerechtfertigte Thematisierung der Technologien als Zugang zu einer didaktisierten technikphilosophischen Sachstruktur vorgeschlagen. Der zweite Teil fragt allgemein nach dem Verhältnis der Fachdidaktik Philosophie/Ethik zu naturwissenschaftlich-ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Forschungsprogrammen im Horizont eines modernen Wissenschaftsverständnisses
The versatile roles of retinal pigment epithelium in the pathophysiology of retinitis pigmentosa
Full text linkRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of hereditary retinal diseases that lead to progressive vision loss, with most disease-causing genes expressed in rod photoreceptors and a smaller fraction in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. The RPE and photoreceptor cells share a symbiotic relationship characterized by close spatial and functional interactions that play a pivotal role in vision. Although the role of RPE is fundamental to the retina, its involvement in retinal pathogenesis, and, in particular, in RP remains underappreciated. In this review, we summarize morphological alterations in the RPE resulting from pathogenic mutations specific to RPE cells, as well as those occurring secondary to photoreceptor degeneration. We provide a comprehensive summary of how mutations in RPE-specific genes play a key role in the pathophysiology of RP. Finally, we discuss the latest therapeutic approaches, including AAV-mediated gene augmentation, RPE cell transplantation, and pharmacological interventions
Thyroid antibodies and depression: Is the relationship overstated?
Full text linkBackground
Depression has been associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), with growing evidence suggesting that thyroid antibodies may play a role. This study aimed to explore this potential link.
Methods
Data from 2897 euthyroid adults in NHANES 2007–2012 were classified by thyroid antibody status (TPOAb/TgAb). Associations with depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 scores) were evaluated using survey-weighted linear regression and adjusted via propensity score matching (PSM).
Results
Although thyroid hormone levels (FT3, FT4, and TSH) significantly differed across antibody-defined groups, no significant differences in PHQ-9 depression scores or symptom severity were observed between antibody-positive individuals and controls. TPOAb and TgAb positivity were not significantly associated with depressive symptoms in either the unmatched or propensity score–matched analyses. TgAb levels showed a statistically significant but negligible association with PHQ-9 scores (β = −0.002, P = 0.04). In contrast, FT3 levels were inversely associated with PHQ-9 scores (β = −0.758, P = 0.01), indicating a modest relationship between lower FT3 concentrations (within the normal range) and more severe depressive symptoms.
Limitation
Cross-sectional design limits findings to single-time-point measurements, and results are based on a U.S. sample.
Conclusion
In this nationally representative sample of euthyroid individuals, thyroid autoantibody positivity, whether TPOAb, TgAb, or both, was not significantly associated with presence of depressive symptoms. Although lower FT3 levels within the normal range were inversely associated with PHQ-9 scores, the clinical significance of this finding warrants further investigation
Vertrauenskonstellationen und Weiterbildungsabbrüche: Eine empirische Analyse zu Entwicklungsverläufen von Vertrauen aus der Perspektive von ehemaligen Weiterbildungsteilnehmenden
No full textDer Beitrag zielt unter Bezugnahme auf die Differentielle Vertrauenstheorie auf die Analyse der Bedeutung von Vertrauen zwischen Dozierenden und Teilnehmenden für Drop-out in der Weiterbildung sowie die Vertrauensentwicklung im Vorfeld eines Weiterbildungsabbruchs ab. Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wurden 13 leitfadengestützte problemzentrierte Interviews mit Abbrecher*innen herangezogen, die inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet wurden. Die Ergebnisse verweisen einerseits auf fehlendes Vertrauen als ursächlich für Drop-out. In den Analysen wird vor allem der prozessuale Charakter von Vertrauen deutlich: Wird der gegebene Vertrauensvorschuss der Lernenden nicht eingelöst, so kann aus Sicht der Abbrecher*innen Vertrauen nicht entwickelt werden. Andererseits kommt es zum Vertrauensverlust, wenn zunächst Vertrauen aufgebaut wird, welches aber im Verlauf der Beziehungsgeschichte wieder verloren geht. Bei der Konstellation der Vertrauensaufrechterhaltung bleibt das Vertrauensverhältnis über den Drop-out hinaus zwischen Dozierenden und Teilnehmenden bestehen. Es wird deutlich, dass die Teilnehmenden den Dozierenden Vertrauen während der Weiterbildungsteilnahme entgegenbringen, was ausschlaggebend für deren Verbleib oder Drop-out ist
Justiz und Gerichtliche Medizin im vergeblichen Kampf gegen Naziterror: die Untersuchung der ersten Mordopfer im KZ-Dachau
No full text
Effective surveillance of acute COVID-19 using a cost- and labor-efficient approach: a paradigm for the longitudinal monitoring of respiratory infections in larger cohorts
No full textExploring conditional factors in digital instructional development: Insights from qualitative interviews with German teachers
No full textThis study explores the conditional factors (CF) influencing the digital instructional development (ID) of teachers in Germany. Using qualitative semi-structured interviews with 35 teachers, this research provides a holistic examination of how CF – including competencies, attitudes, cooperation, digital equipment, and professional development – affect various phases of the ID process. Findings reveal that these factors are interconnected and impact each phase differently, particularly highlighting the challenges of time constraints and digital literacy. The study emphasizes the importance of school autonomy, supportive leadership, and targeted professional development in enhancing digital ID, ultimately fostering effective, modern teaching practices
Are locally trained allometric functions of forest aboveground biomass universal across spatial scales and forest disturbance scenarios?
No full textLarge scale above-ground-biomass (AGB) estimation remains highly uncertain. Multi-sensor, multi-scale and multi-temporal analyses are crucial for capturing the dynamics and the heterogeneity of forests. The European Space Agency’s BIOMASS mission will play a key role in future biomass monitoring. Considering the differences in the spatial scales of input datasets, it is essential to investigate these scale effects. This study examines whether locally trained allometric relationships between forest height and AGB are scale-dependent and how forest disturbances impact these estimates.
Using the forest gap model FORMIND, initialized with inventory data from tropical lowland forests close to Manaus (Brazil), we simulated forest height and AGB raster products at resolutions ranging from 20 m to 200 m based on various forest height metrics. Through regression analysis, allometric parameter sets for each resolution step were derived. We then tested the impact of applying these parameters under various conditions, including off-scale and off-scenario usage.
Our results show that applying allometric parameters at mismatched spatial scales introduces significant additional errors. This error becomes more prominent as scale differences increase. Additionally, the type and severity of forest degradation scenario strongly influences the estimation quality. However, dynamically adapting allometric parameter sets to local conditions mitigates these errors. Applying the locally trained parameters to varying disturbance scenarios results in substantial errors, underscoring the importance of incorporating local forest structure in AGB models.
While using off-scale allometric parameters is possible, it introduces additional challenges. Our study highlights the need for local forest structure products to improve large-scale AGB estimation
Zur funktionalen Variation von eh in Österreich und darüber hinaus
No full textThis exploratory study adopts a variational pragmatic perspective to investigate the functional spectrum of the particle eh in Austria and beyond. Applying a mixed methods approach, which includes both corpus analysis and an online questionnaire survey, the study aims to address the following research questions: (1) What recurring functions can be identified for the particle eh in Austria? (2) How widespread are these functions in Austria, Bavaria, and Northern Germany? For research question (1), our analysis of spoken data from the Ulrichsberg corpus confirms that the functions identified in previous research, such as marking irrelevance or limiting the relevance of a preceding statement, are also used by Austrian speakers. However, we discovered additional functions not previously documented, such as establishing coherence, indicating common ground, and evidential marking. Regarding research question (2), the questionnaire data reveal that these functions are also prevalent among Austrians outside Ulrichsberg. However, there are notable differences between participants from Austria, Bavaria, and Northern Germany. The findings suggest that eh has a broader functional spectrum in Austria, with some functions also present in Bavaria but less so in Northern Germany. Thus, this study reveals that the functions of eh are regionally distributed, with a more diverse and developed functional spectrum in Austria