Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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A systematic investigation of flood resilience measures in the Mekong River Basin
No full textThe Mekong River has encountered severe flooding challenges due to increasingly extreme weather conditions. Despite these challenges, residents of the Mekong River Basin (MRB) have developed and demonstrated remarkable flood resilience in various ways, enabling a dynamic and thriving socio-economic system in the flood-prone environment. This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis based on 460 search results from Scopus and Web of Science datasets, covering literature from 1999 to 2024, focused on the MRB. The review aims to investigate the measures developed by people in the MRB to improve their flood resilience, as determined through a comprehensive scoping review of peer-reviewed literature. The review revealed the following findings: (1) A total of 85 measures were identified and categorized into nine measure groups and three approaches based on their characters, (2) statistical analysis indicates a rising trend in stakeholder cooperation, with over 66 % of the total mentioned measures involving coordinated approaches rather than being strictly top-down or bottom-up, (3) infrastructure and engineering investments, as well as advancements in agricultural technology, were the dominant measures observed across Mekong River Basin countries, and (4) a Venn diagram illustrates overlapping measures applied across various countries, with Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand contributing significant efforts to improving flood resilience. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers into the flood resilience situation within the region, supporting the development of effective future flood management frameworks and research approaches
Seizure outcomes following epilepsy surgery in pediatric and young adult patients with high‐grade brain tumors: Results from a European survey
No full textObjective:
Epilepsy surgery is a standard treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy, resulting in seizure freedom in a significant number of cases. Although frequently performed for low-grade brain tumors, it is rarely considered for high-grade tumors, despite the impact of chronic epilepsy on quality of life and cognition.
Methods:
This retrospective multicenter study across 43 European centers evaluated epilepsy surgery outcomes in children with high-grade brain tumors (World Health Organization grades III and IV). Two cohorts of patients younger than 25 years were studied: (1) those undergoing epilepsy surgery after tumor resection (n = 14) and (2) those initially suspected of low-grade lesions but diagnosed with high-grade brain tumors postsurgery (n = 11).
Results:
Eighty percent of patients achieved seizure freedom 1 year after last epilepsy surgery: 71% in Cohort 1 and 91% in Cohort 2. Eighty-four percent were free of disabling seizures (Engel IA–D) after a median follow-up period of 4.3 years (range = 1–15.9 years). No surgery-related deaths occurred. Thirty-two percent of children experienced persistent morbidity, including motor dysfunction, visual impairment, persistent seizures, cognitive deficits, and hydrocephalus.
Significance:
Epilepsy surgery is effective for medically refractory epilepsy in children with high-grade central nervous system tumors and should be considered early, as seizure freedom is achieved in the majority of patients. Despite involving numerous epilepsy centers, only 25 patients were recruited, indicating that this method is rarely considered for high-grade brain tumor patients with medically refractory epilepsy
In vivo synergistic enhancement of MIF‐mediated inflammation in acute lung injury by the plant ortholog ArabidopsisMDL1
No full textRecent research has uncovered Arabidopsis thaliana proteins that are similar to the human inflammatory cytokine MIF. Plant MIF/D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT)-like proteins (MDLs) can interact with human MIF, yet the significance of these findings in living organisms has not been investigated. Given MIF's key role in acute respiratory distress syndrome promoting pulmonary inflammation, pathology, and leukocyte infiltration, here we set out to investigate the interplay between MIF and MDL1, one of three A. thaliana MIF orthologs, in an in vivo mouse model of MIF-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Human MIF and MDL1 were administered to C57BL/6 mice via inhalation, individually or in combination. Inhalation of MIF promoted various parameters of lung injury as evaluated by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy, RT-qPCR, and ELISA, while MDL1 inhalation alone had no effect. Intriguingly, combined treatment with MIF and MDL1 synergistically enhanced pulmonary infiltration of neutrophils and monocytic cells, accompanied by an upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Thus, the plant-derived MIF ortholog MDL1 potentiates MIF-induced inflammation in ALI. These data support the growing evidence of interactions between plant-derived compounds and human inflammatory mediators and illustrate how they may impact human health
Wearable technology for mobility measurement in orthopedics and traumatology: a comparison of commercially available systems
No full textDisplay selection of peptide ligands for helical aromatic foldamers
No full textHelical aromatic oligoamide foldamers with a cluster of five biogenic side chains at their surface were designed and synthesized. Display selection of thioether macrocyclic peptides against these targets generated low micromolar binders that are highly selective for the side-chain arrangement
Shrinking of C–S bonds of organosulfonic acids in superacidic media—investigation of the protonation of methanesulfonic acid and benzenesulfonic acid and their limits
No full textThe reactions of methanesulfonic acid and benzenesulfonic acid in the binary superacidic systems HF/MF5 (M = As and Sb) were investigated to explore the strengthening effects of protonation on the C–S bond and the limits of the protonability of sulfonic acids. Herein, we report the monoprotonated species of methanesulfonic acid and benzenesulfonic acid, respectively. The salts were characterized by low-temperature vibrational spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and NMR spectroscopic measurements. The experimental data are discussed together with quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ-level of theory
Molecular spectroscopies with semiconductor metasurfaces: towards dual optical/chemical SERS
No full textSurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a powerful technique for the ultra-sensitive detection of molecules and has been widely applied in many fields, ranging from biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring to trace-level detection of chemical and biological analytes. While traditional metallic SERS substrates rely predominantly on electromagnetic field enhancement, emerging semiconductor SERS materials have attracted growing interest because they offer the additional advantage of simultaneous chemical and electromagnetic enhancements. Here, we review some of the recent advancements in the design and optimization of semiconductor SERS substrates, with a focus on their dual enhancement mechanisms. We also discuss the transition from nanoparticle-based platforms to more advanced nanoresonator-based SERS metasurfaces, highlighting their superior sensing performance
Quantum gravitational hair in gravastars and observational tests
No full textUsing the effective field theory of quantum gravity at second order in curvature, we calculate quantum corrections to the metric of gravastars and the closely related dark energy stars. We find that the quantum corrections in the exterior region depend on the equation of state of the gravastar, thus providing an example of quantum gravitational hair. We continue by calculating the induced quantum corrections to the photon sphere and the bending of light rays in the weak field regime. These corrections, albeit Planck scale suppressed, allow in principle to distinguish these objects from black holes observationally
„Das meiste mache ich wirklich nur aus Gefühl“
No full textDie orthografische Kompetenz von Schüler*innen in Deutschland steht seit Jahren im Fokus bildungspolitischer und fachdidaktischer Diskussionen, da empirische Studien wiederholt auf Defizite und rückläufige Leistungen in diesem Bereich hinweisen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde das Förderinstrument Fehlerfinder entwickelt, das auf sieben zentrale Rechtschreibstrategien sowie strukturierte Vorwärts- und Rückwärtskontrollen setzt, um die bewusste Auseinandersetzung mit Rechtschreibung zu unterstützen. Im Schuljahr 2024/2025 wurde das Tool im Rahmen einer Mixed-Methods-Studie mit Grundschüler*innen der dritten und vierten Jahrgangsstufe erprobt. Quantitative Daten wurden mittels der Hamburger Schreib-Probe zu zwei Messzeitpunkten erhoben; qualitative Rechtschreibinterviews ergänzten die Untersuchung, um Einblicke in Strategienutzung, Kontrollverhalten und metakognitive Prozesse zu erhalten. Die Studie zielt darauf ab, sowohl die Auswirkungen des Fehlerfinders auf die Rechtschreibleistung als auch auf das Rechtschreibbewusstsein zu erfassen und so Hinweise für die Wirksamkeit und Weiterentwicklung des Förderinstruments im Bereich der Orthografie zu gewinnen