Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Self‐Assembled Physical Unclonable Function Labels Based on Plasmonic Coupling
No full textCounterfeiting of goods and pharmaceuticals impacts economies around the globe and threatens human health. Hardware-based cryptography exploiting physical unclonable functions (PUFs) provides the means to securely identify and authenticate products. While PUFs based on optical response are among the hardest to replicate, they often suffer from low encoding capacity and often complex and expensive read-out. Here, we report PUF labels with nanoscale features and optical responses that result from the guided self-assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles. Nanosphere lithography combined with DNA origami placement is used to create tightly packed yet randomized nanoparticle assemblies. Nanoscale variations within these assemblies define the scattering color of the individual spots that are arranged in a hexagonal lattice with spacing down to the optical resolution limit. Due to the nanoscale dimensions, the intrinsic randomness of the particle assemblies and their resulting optical responses, the PUFs are virtually impossible to replicate, while they can be read out with a cost-effective 3D-printed microscope
Integrating Generative AI in Dental Education: A Scoping Review of Current Practices and Recommendations
No full textBackground:
Generative AI (GenAI) tools like ChatGPT are increasingly relevant in dental education, offering potential enhancements in personalised learning and clinical reasoning. However, specific guidance from dental institutions remains unexplored.
Aim:
To identify, analyse and summarise existing guidelines from universities and organisations on using GenAI in dental education, focusing on recommendations for academic staff.
Methods:
A scoping review (10.17605/OSF.IO/3XMP7) searched for GenAI guidance on university websites, search engines (Google Search, Scholar, Perplexity and PubMed) and through contacting relevant academics (January 2022 to June 2024). Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data, including implementation details, AI tools and permitted/prohibited uses. Thematic analysis revealed common applications, benefits, challenges and recommendations.
Results:
Thirty-one unique documents were included from 21 universities in 15 countries and three international organisations. Thematic analysis identified common applications, benefits, challenges and recommendations for integrating GenAI, including facilitating teaching and learning, personalised learning, efficient content creation and encouraging critical thinking. However, challenges such as academic integrity, ethical use, bias and privacy issues were also identified. No dental education-specific guidelines were found.
Conclusion:
This review identified and summarised existing GenAI guidelines from universities and organisations relevant to dental education. The guidelines emphasise ethical use, transparency, academic integrity, secure environments and AI misuse detection tools. However, the absence of dental specific guidance presents an opportunity to fill this gap, providing recommendations for academic staff to integrate GenAI effectively while promoting critical thinking and responsible AI use
Changes in the position of the abdominal organs of a corpse between postmortem computed tomography performed in the supine and sitting positions—A feasibility study
No full text
First Integration of a Service Robot and a Communication Application into a Nursing Isolation Setting – An Observational Study Evaluating Walking Distances, Stress and Radiation Doses
No full textAccuracy of intraoral scans of the edentulous maxilla – an in vitro study
No full textObjective
Investigation of the accuracy of various digitalization methods and the accuracy of digitalization of different regions of the edentulous maxilla.
Material and method
A PEEK edentulous maxilla with four spherical reference geometries served as the testing model. A reference dataset (REF) was generated using a highly accurate 3D measuring instrument. The testing model was digitized as follows (n = 25/group). Direct digitalization (DD) with intraoral scanners (IOS): 1) Cerec AC Primescan (PRI), 2) Trios 4 Move (TR4), 3) Trios 3 Wireless (TR3), 4) Indirect digitalization of PVS impression with laboratory scanner 3Shape D810 (D8I). Three-dimensional deviations between REF and TEST were evaluated (GOM Inspect) in different areas of the model: 1) Complete Surface, 2) Alveolar Ridge, 3) Vestibular Ridge, 4) Palate, 5) Posterior Seal, 6) Border. Significant differences were analyzed with the Games-Howell test for trueness (p < 0.05) and multiple comparisons Levene's test for precision (for IOS: p < 0.008, for area: p < 0.003).
Results
Group D8I revealed the best trueness for Complete Surface (7.95 µm), Palate (9.11 µm), and Border (20.22 µm). Alveolar Ridge showed for PRI (16.45 µm) and TR4 (8.96 µm) the highest trueness. Groups TR4 and PRI resulted in significantly higher precision for Alveolar Ridge. Groups TR4 and D8I demonstrated the highest precision for Palate. Complete Surface and Alveolar Ridge showed for all digitalization methods significantly higher precision.
Conclusions
Indirect digitalization of impressions remains the most accurate approach for capturing edentulous jaws, whereas IOS deliver datasets with clinically acceptable accuracy. Peripheral regions characterized by limited accessibility and smooth surface morphology tend to demonstrate increased deviations in the resulting digital datasets.
Clinical relevance.
Indirect digitalization of the impression still appears to be the most appropriate technique to access the clinical workflow for full dentures due to the superior digitalization trueness and inclusion of functional movements. Direct and indirect digitalization show nearly equal values for precision
Impfung von Kindern gegen Influenza in Deutschland
No full textBei Fehlen einer allgemeinen Impfempfehlung gegen die saisonale Influenza hat die Ständige Impfkommission (STIKO) die Empfehlung für die meisten Risikogruppen, wie Menschen ab 60 Jahre oder mit Grundkrankheiten, einschließlich Kindern, ausgesprochen. Allerdings fehlen in dieser Liste bisher gesunde Kinder im Alter ab 6 Monaten, die häufig erkranken, einen hohen Anteil schwerer klinischer Verläufe aufweisen und häufig auch Komplikationen erleiden.
Deshalb befürwortet die Kommission, alle Kinder und Jugendlichen im Alter ab 6 Monaten gegen die saisonale Influenza zu impfen. Es sind mehrere zugelassenen Impfstoffe verfügbar. Der kinderfreundliche lebend-attenuierte nasale Impfstoff sollte vom Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss (G-BA) für alle Kinder ab 2 Jahren ohne Kontraindikationen freigegeben werden, sodass Eltern und Kindern ihren bevorzugten Impfstoff wählen können. Darüber hinaus befürwortet die Kommission die Impfung des gesamten Personals in Kindertagesstätten (Kitas) und Schulen, die Durchführung jährlicher saisonaler Impfkampagnen und unter den Indikationen zur Impfung auch die Adipositas zu nennen.In the absence of a general recommendation to vaccinate against seasonal influenza in Germany, the Standing Committee on Vaccination at the Robert Koch Institute (STIKO) expressed a recommendation to vaccinate most risk groups including persons 60 years or older and persons with pre-existing diseases including children; however, healthy children ≥ 6 months of age are not included although they frequently fall ill with influenza, often suffer from severe courses of disease and frequently show complications. Therefore, the committee proposes vaccination against seasonal influenza of all children 6 months or older. Several vaccines are available. The child-friendly live-attenuated nasal vaccine should be endorsed by the German Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) for all children 2 years or older without contraindications, so that parents and children can choose their preferred vaccine. In addition, the committee endorses the influenza vaccination of all kindergarten and school personnel, the organization of annual seasonal vaccination campaigns and to add obesity to the list of indications for vaccination