Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Artificial intelligence adoption and workplace training
No full textAs artificial intelligence (AI) reshapes business processes, firms must adapt their training strategies to cultivate a skilled workforce. Using German establishment-level panel data from 2019 to 2023, this study analyzes how firms adjust their training strategies following AI adoption. Staggered difference-in-differences analysis shows that sustained AI adoption is associated with a 14% increase in new apprenticeships among training firms (intensive margin), but is not linked to the training decision (extensive margin). AI adoption is also associated with a modest increase in continuing training, with resources shifting toward high-skilled employees. The results align with AI as an automation innovation that reduces demand for simple skills as well as an augmentation innovation that increases demand for more advanced skills. The German dual apprenticeship system appears critical for firms aiming to build a future-ready workforce in the age of AI
Subtle retinal degeneration in pigmented Abca4−/− Rdh8−/− mice
No full textStargardt disease type 1 is a genetic retinal disorder caused by mutations in the ABCA4 gene, leading to toxic bisretinoid accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This study examines the retinal phenotype of Abca4−/− Rdh8−/− double knockout mice on a C57BL/6J background, excluding confounding variants such as the Rpe65 Leu450Met variant or the rd8 mutation in the Crb1 gene, to define the effect of combined Abca4 and Rdh8 deficiency.
Double knockout mice—confirmed free of the rd8 mutation and to not carry the protective Met variant of the Rpe65 gene—were analyzed at 4 and 9 months and compared to Rdh8−/− single knockouts under varying light exposure. Histological assessments included RPE autofluorescence, morphometric parameters of microglial activation, and retinal layer integrity.
At 4 months, no significant structural differences were observed between genotypes. By 9 months, Abca4−/− Rdh8−/− mice showed increased RPE autofluorescence, consistent with elevated bisretinoid accumulation. Four-fold enhanced light exposure affected microglial morphology, and a modest age-related thinning of retinal layers was noted in double knockouts.
In conclusion, increased RPE autofluorescence was confirmed in Abca4−/− Rdh8−/− mice on the C57BL/6J background, but only mild retinal structural and inflammatory changes were observed. The severe early-onset degeneration reported in prior studies was not replicated, likely due to the absence of the rd8 mutation present in the double knockout mouse strain at its original description. This suggests that the rd8 mutation drove neurodegeneration, while the combined Abca4 and Rdh8 deficiency alone is comparatively well tolerated in the murine retina
68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FAPI PET/CT for detection of nodal metastases prior radical cystectomy in high-risk urothelial carcinoma patients
No full textCarfentanil stabilizes µ opioid receptor conformations that are ultra-efficient in inhibiting cAMP, resistant to naloxone or nalmefene but sensitive to naltrexone
No full textJudging a text by its author — A meta-analysis of interventions to foster source credibility assessment
No full textCritical evaluation of source credibility is essential in today’s digital landscape but often requires explicit instruction. Our meta-analysis synthesizes findings from 64 controlled experimental studies to assess the effectiveness of four different intervention approaches (i.e., historical thinking, multiple document literacy, sourcing, and lateral reading) to foster source credibility assessment. Source credibility assessment interventions were overall effective (g=042,p<.001), with lateral reading showing the largest effects. We found considerable heterogeneity (95% Prediction Interval [−0.33, 1.17]), indicating that expected effect sizes in a random study from among the population of studies reviewed range from small negative to large positive effects. Greater effects were observed with graduated participants compared to other educational backgrounds, as well as in university and school settings, regardless of age and gender composition. Additionally, interventions that used the open Internet demonstrated enhanced effectiveness. We conclude that (1) lateral reading is particularly suited to the digital information landscape, (2) repeated practice may enhance intervention effectiveness, and (3) ecological validity is highly important for intervention effectiveness
Mining Consumer Mindset Metrics With User-Generated Content
No full textIn the wake of digital transformation, marketers gained access to large amounts of user-generated content and data in which consumers specifically mention and discuss brands, products, and services. This data offers rich information potential and may ultimately provide marketers with the ability to use this data pool to approximate survey-based consumer mindset metrics that mirror consumer attitudes alongside the different levels of the decision-making process. We argue that leveraging this potential may ultimately help marketers overcome common limitations of survey-based metrics and enable companies to observe and track mindset metrics that have been so far inaccessible due to financial and other constraints. To this end, we propose a four-step process that first identifies the key aspects of a mindset metric based on the existing body of developed constructs, then pinpoints potential data sources, and subsequently chooses an adequate data transformation tool
Effect of artificial intelligence-aided differentiation of adenomatous and non-adenomatous colorectal polyps at CT colonography on radiologists’ therapy management
No full textProspective quantitative evaluation of gait and stance in patients with acute vertigo and dizziness
No full textBackground
Patients with acute vertigo and dizziness often suffer from gait ataxia and postural imbalance. However, detailed and quantitative investigations of gait and stance are largely missing during the acute stage of symptoms.
Methods
This study explores whether assessing objective gait and stance parameters can help differentiate between peripheral and central causes of isolated acute vertigo and dizziness. Patients underwent a standardized protocol within the EMVERT study at the emergency department of LMU University Hospital during the acute stage (on average at 16 h after symptom onset), which included the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), Gait and Truncal Ataxia Index (GTI) and mobile posturography. Patients were categorized into three groups: Acute vestibular strokes (n = 56), acute unilateral vestibulopathy (AUVP, n = 52) and episodic vestibular disorders (n = 92). Outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression models and ROC curves adjusted for age and sex.
Results
We found that patients with AUVP exhibited worse TUG, FGA and GTI scores than those with vestibular strokes or episodic vestibular disorders. ROC curves for TUG, FGA and GTI showed a weak diagnostic accuracy (0.57–0.62) for stroke versus AUVP, which only improved (to 0.75–0.82), if corrected for age and gender. Posturographic sway path was lowest for episodic vestibular disorders, but similar for stroke and AUVP.
Conclusion
Clinical gait and stance tests such as TUG, FGA and GTI do not reliably differentiate central from peripheral etiologies of isolated acute vertigo and dizziness in patients with a mild to moderate burden of symptoms
Was ist neu … in der Hämophiliebehandlung?
No full textDie Hämophilie ist eine seltene schwere angeborene Blutgerinnungsstörung, bedingt durch Fehlen oder reduzierte Aktivität von Faktor VIII (Hämophilie A) bzw. Faktor IX (Hämophilie B). Ohne spezifische Behandlung sind schwere spontane Blutungsereignisse charakteristisch. Der Standard in der Behandlung ist die regelmäßige prophylaktische i.v.-Substitution des fehlenden Gerinnungsfaktors, meist in Form einer Heimselbstbehandlung. Durch die regelmäßige Substitution kann Blutungskomplikationen und Gelenkfolgeschäden vorgebeugt werden
