King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

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    Adsorption studies on the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using a low cost fertilizer industry waste material

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    Low cost fertilizer industry waste material called carbon slurry, produced in generators of fuel oil based industrial generators was converted into an effective and efficient adsorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions.The waste was chemically treated, activated, characterized and used for the adsorption of chromium. The work involves batch experiments to investigate the effect of contact time, pH, temperature, concentration and adsorbent dose on the extent of adsorption by carbon slurry. The maximum adsorption was found at 70 min., 2.0 pH, 4.0 g/L dose, 303 K temperature. Maximum adsorption capacity (15.24 mg/g) of Cr(VI) on carbon slurry was observed at 100 mg/L initial Cr(VI ) concentration. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied to analyze adsorption data, and both were found to be applicable to this adsorption system, in terms of relatively high regression values. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto carbon slurry was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic under studied conditions. Kinetics of adsorption was found to follow pseudo second order rate equation. Column studies have been carried out to compare these with the batch capacities. The recovery of Cr(VI) and chemical regeneration of the spent column have also been tried. In all, the results indicated that the adsorbent used in this work proved to be effective material for the treatment of chromium bearing aqueous solutions

    Triple-A: Secure RGB Image Steganography Based on Randomization

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    A new image-based steganography technique – called triple-A algorithm - is proposed in this paper. It uses the same principle of LSB, where the secret is hidden in the least significant bits of the pixels, with more randomization in selection of the number of bits used and the color channels that are used. This randomization is expected to increase the security of the system and also increase the capacity. This technique can be applied to RGB images where each pixel is represented by three bytes to indicate the intensity of red, green, and blue in that pixel

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