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Design of shopping centre
Get PDFThe design of the shopping center in Ljubljana includes technical report, conceptual design, load actions, global analysis, design in the ultimate limit state (ULS), in the serviceability limit state (SLS) and in the seismic design state, position plans of the structure and the connections. The steel frame with the eccentric bracing carries horizontal loads in both directions. The composite slab is used for the inter-storey structure. Secondary beams are connected to the primary beams by hinge connections.\ud
The global analysis was performed in a computer program Scia Engineer. The internal forces and displacements as calculated were used for the design of the frames. The seismic links are designed to dissipate seismic energy. Other elements in a frame like columns and diagonals are designed with the principle of the capacity design. The structure was designed in accordance with Eurocode Standards 1 (actions on structures), 3 (steel structures), 4 (composite structures) and 8 (earthquake resistant\ud
structures)
Mapping methodology for urban vacant sites and instruments for their activation
Get PDFIn the thesis, we review the method for determining the mapping of vacant land (as specified in Regulation on determining land for development, Official Gazette of R. Slovenia, no. 66/13) created with the purpose of imposing tax on such land. We focus on criteria applied by the method. We assume these criteria can never account for all practical spatial situations, this resulting in differing interpretations of the same criterion. While this may hardly be surprising from the point of view of spatial planning, it becomes controversial when viewed upon from the perspective of equality and tax fairness. We conclude that the selection of a land policy instrument can only be a direct consequence of a recognized spatial problem. We examine international practice, test the mapping method on four Slovenian municipalities (Ljubljana, Kranj, Divača, Kanal ob Soči) and conduct a survey among all Slovenian municipalities. Targeting a better activation of catalogued land and determining its true condition and potential, we use our results to conclude with a suggestion for establishing a public vacant land catalogue in form of an interactive web portal, offering users the information on spatial situation and trends while allowing them to add newly recognized vacant or degraded lands and submit assessments, comments, suggestions or initiatives. The inclusion of local inhabitants and land owners in such or similar manner can contribute significantly to general awareness of spatial planning issues and the importance of sustainable development as well as to the accuracy and completeness of the vacant land catalogue, which can ultimately improve legitimacy and feasibility of spatial planning decisions
Risk-targeted design of masonry buildings
Get PDFIn this master thesis we present the process of designing masonry buildings for target seismic risk. Using this approach we can explicitly consider the effect of seismic risk, which is not possible in case of designing of a building on the basis of Eurocode 8 (SIST EN 1998, 2005). First we present starting points and basic provisions of designing masonry buildings according to Eurocode 6 (SIST EN 1996, 2006) and Eurocode 8 (SIST EN 1998, 2005). Next we explain the concept of target reliability of constructions in design phase and the importance of seismic risk assessment from the point of view of social and economic consequences. In the third chapter we describe methods for seismic risk assessment of masonry buildings in terms of probability of exceedance of damage limit states. We also present in more detail the methods for seismic response analysis with an emphasis on the pushover-based method. The investigated masonry buildings were modeled by simplified nonlinear models by using software packages 3Muri and Tremuri. In the following we show relation between earthquake intensity and drift (IDA curves) on single degree freedom models (SDOF). With statistical analysis of intensity of the acceleration, which were obtained from IDA curves, we determine the median and dispersion of the earhquake intensities, which cause specific damage limit states. Then we draw fragility curves, which present conditional probability of exceedance of individual damage state at certain earthquake intensity. At the end we calculate the probability of collapse risk (exceedance of damage state DS4) for periods of one and fifty years. For the selected masonry building, which has three floors and a loft, is located in Ljubljana, and designed in accordance to Eurocode 8 (SIST EN 1998, 2005), we have iteratively repeated the above described calculation procedure of seismic risk and we designed the building in this maner. We have chosen 1% for the acceptable colapse probability in fifty years, based on which the USA regulation forms the maps of seismic hazard, which are the basis for determination of design seismic forces.The highest acceptable probabilities of exceeding of ultimate limit state in fifty years, that are regulated by other standards, are for the selected example too strict, since they are not accounted for the effects of earthqukes. We achieve the required target seismic risk after fifth iteration or with fifth building variant, where we were changing wall thickness, selected mechanical properties of masonry and number of storeys
The design process of railway infrastructure from initiative to the permission for construction
Get PDFThe thesis considered the design process of the public railway infrastructure from the initiative to launch investment to obtain a building permit or acquiring the right for execution. The thesis taken into consideration related legislation in the field of construction works in the field of spatial planning, environmental protection, as well as in the field of railway infrastructure. It is presentation of interdisciplinarity of design profession and specifics of the design process for railway infrastructure. It also describes the differences in the design documentation according to the type of the facility and the type of construction, as well as the specifics of the location itself. The topic is also presented in two substantive different cases: the design process for newbuilding and design process for maintenance work of public benefit
Comparison of properties of concrete mixtures made of natural and recycled aggregate
Get PDFRecycled aggregate produced from concrete rubble has potential to be high-quality secondary raw material for use in concrete mixtures. As part of the thesis, I compared properties of reference concrete mixtures (OC) with natural aggregate and mixtures with different proportions of crushed concrete as recycled coarse aggregate. OC mixture was prescribed in the framework of round robin test (RRT) of the COST TU1404 Action. I first carried out tests in the framework of the RRT, on the OC, which was prepared from natural aggregate from France. Coarse aggregate particles of the French natural aggregate have higher porosity than Slovenian natural aggregates. For the French aggregate, all the necessary properties were given by the RRT coordinator, including grain density of particular fraction and its coefficient of water absorption. Recycled aggregate was obtained by crushing and sieving of concrete rubble. The grain density and the coefficient of water absorption of coarse fractions of recycled aggregates were determined in laboratory of UL FGG. I found out that the tested properties of the recycled concrete are very close to the same properties of natural coarse aggregate from France. Based on the composition of the OC I determined the composition of mixtures with recycled coarse aggregate. I replaced 30%, 50% and 100% of the coarse fraction volume of the OC with the recycled aggregate. On the recycled aggregate concrete mixtures I carried out the same tests in fresh and hardened state as for the OC. For all concrete compositions, I paid special attention to initial preparation of aggregate that should reach water-saturated surface dry condition of the grains. Obtained test results showed that compared to the OC the recycled aggregate concrete mixtures possess the same consistency and density in fresh state and slightly higher air content. The same is true also for the hardened state, since the compressive strength results were approximately the same for the reference and recycled aggregate concrete mixtures
The potential of the river Krka for the development of recreational activities
Get PDFRiver Krka is one of the most interesting karst rivers and has for its exceptional natural beauty great tourist and recreational potential. There are a number of dams and typical travertine dams on the river, which give it a special touch, because it is Krka the only Slovenian river creating the bed of travertine. In the past was river Krka much more utilized for water management activities, because there worked numerous mills and saws. Therefore, today there are numerous dams, most of them are no longer used for water management activities, except pair of exceptions, where there are still operating mills and small hydroelectric plants. This thesis presents in detail all the dams on river Krka that are in good condition, in slightly worse condition are their waterside facilities, because they are the most abonded. Dams are also drawn in the longitudinal profile of the river Krka. Today have dams\ud
important recreational role. On the river Krka is boating the most popular form of recreation, in the upper part of the river especially kayaking and rafting and in the lower part canoeing and sup (stand up paddleboards). About recreation and tourism in the valley of the river Krka \ud
I enquired the residents who live here, using a questionnaire. The questionnaire consists eight questions, which I show with charts. I presented also the providers of boating and other recreatioinal activities on the river Krka and entry – exit points that are important to them and\ud
to users of sports activities
Creation of tourist/sport map of the karst edge overlooking Ilirska Bistrica
Get PDFThe thesis presents the entire process of creation a tourist/sport map of the karst edge area overlooking Ilirska Bistrica. The sources data were national topographic map, orthophoto, basic topographical plan, digital elevation model and data obtained on the field. The map displays the wide area of the karst edge, northwest of Ilirska Bistrica, including the possible cycling routes and rock-climbing opportunities. This area is not yet intended for tourism, nevertheless the map shows a variety of sport activities for potential tourists like cycling and rock-climbing. Some additional terrain adaptations are required for the downhill cycling: like the construction of obstacles and downhill cycling routes. Based on the data obtained through the research and with the help of OCAD 12 software we were able to create an interactive online map of the area which includes link to the natural rock-climbing map and its difficulty levels but also links to Google Earth and links to photos of the area
Static calculation of the load-bearing structure of a simple wooden building in Novo mesto
Get PDFGraduation thesis represents a static calculation of the load-bearing structure of a simple wooden building consisting of wooden roof, transverse horizontal beams and vertical columns. Calculation refers to properties of materials, which will be used in the structure. Loads are specified according to current European standard Eurocode 1. Static calculation of considered object includes checking of wooden elements and of reinforced concrete foundations
The design of wooden hayrack
Get PDFUsing the SketchUp program I have drawn a model which shows the geometry of the loadbearing elements and distances between them. By using the Eurocode 1 standard I have\ud
determined the impacts on the structure, whereby the impact of the earthquake load was not taken into account. In SAP2000 program I have modeled the structure which was loaded with corresponding loads. The obtained internal static forces were then used for design of the load-bearing elements. The design of structure is based on the Eurocode 5 standard and therefore on checking of the Ultimate Limit State and the Serviceability Limit State. Finally, at\ud
the end, I have foreseen the connection of load-bearing elements
Analysis of derelict sites in selected municipalities of Osrednjeslovenska statistical region
Get PDFThis diploma work presents issues about derelict sites in Slovenia. Derelict areas represent territorial potential for further development of the activities. Guidance of the spatial development degradation is reflected in a rational use of the region and protects the purpose of use of other lands (for example: agricultural). Unfortunately, we do not know the exact numbers, size and diversity of derelict sited, areas are not recorded, solutions for this problem are not systematic. In the Statistical Region, we can see many of the areas, that are undergoing a degradation for a longer period, or they are undergoing a ceasing activity, which leads to derelict sites. In my diploma, I focused on the town Medvode and its surrounding. The purpose of my work is not to record all the derelict sites for this addressed area, but to identify learning examples for each type of derelict sites and their detailed presentation. Based on the record, that was carried out with the help of the census documents; an analysis of derelict sites was made. The results of the analysis were compared with the results that were obtained in a project with the title: Sonarava Sanacije okoljskih bremen kot trajnostno razvojna priložnost Slovenije