Publikationsserver der Katholischen Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt
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Differential contributions of approximate number system, number line estimation, and working memory to mathematical skills in preschool and primary school
No full textEarly mathematical skills predict later mathematical skills and general school achievement. The approximate number system (ANS), number line estimation, and working memory (WM) were found to be important predictors of the development of mathematical skills. However, studies specifying contributions of ANS, number line estimation, and WM at developmental levels are scarce. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate differential contributions of ANS, number line estimation, and WM to mathematical skills in preschool and primary school children. German preschool (N = 68, M = 6 years) and primary school children (N = 66, M = 9 years 1 month) completed an age-appropriate test for mathematical skills, a non-symbolic comparison task, a number line estimation task, WM span tasks, and a nonverbal intelligence task. Results indicated that ANS accuracy, number line estimation performance, and WM capacity were significant predictors for mathematical skills in both groups when controlled for influences of sex and nonverbal intelligence. Importantly, we also observed that only number line estimation performance contributed differentially to mathematical skills as it was a significantly stronger predictor in primary school children as compared to preschool children. In sum, these results suggest that the start of formal instruction on symbolic numerical representations in primary school is reflected in the contribution of related task performance to overall mathematics. To extend current findings, future studies may focus on differentiating age groups in a more fine-grained way to evaluate developmental trajectories of specific contributions of cognitive variables
A double-edged sword : materiality classifications of sustainability topics
No full textThe Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) has classified sustainability topics as material or not material for investors. We leverage the staggered release of the SASB classifications from 2013 to 2016 to examine whether and how they prompt changes in U.S. firms’ sustainability performance. We measure sustainability performance using RepRisk scores, which reflect environmental, social, and governance (ESG) incidents. We find that RepRisk scores on sustainability topics classified as material decrease following the release of SASB classifications. Conversely, incident scores on nonmaterial sustainability topics increase. This suggests that firms improve their sustainability performance on topics the SASB deems relevant for investors while simultaneously performing worse on irrelevant topics. Firms adjust their internal sustainability policies to mirror these changes. The changes in sustainability performance occur primarily through two channels. We document that higher exposure to the classifications from shareholder pressure and sustainability-linked executive compensation prompts managers to prioritize sustainability topics classified as relevant for investors over irrelevant ones
Assessing the morphological changes of a large landslide using high-resolution UAS and airborne LiDAR data
No full textThe Upper Orcia Valley exhibits a high geomorphological susceptibility to denudation processes, which manifest through continuous water erosion and the frequent occurrence of landslides, due to the high erodibility of its clay-rich marine and fluvial Pliocene deposits in a sub-humid environment. A significant landslide event occurred in January 2021 on a badland hillslope, affecting an area of 0.54 km² within the Formone sub-catchment, approximately 6 km northwest of the Radicofani village. The landslide occurred in a badland hillslope, marking a transition from water-driven denudation processes to gravitational mass movements, thus leading to a complete reconfiguration of the hillslope. This study aims to quantify the morphological changes induced by the landslide and analyze the erosion dynamics of complex landslides in clay-rich substrates. UAS photogrammetry (SfM-MVS), available airborne LiDAR, and DGNSS surveys were employed to analyze volumetric changes over a decade (2012–2022), identify the most affected areas, and investigate the internal morphological evolution of the landslide. The results indicate a total displacement of 17302 m³ of material, with a maximum surface lowering of -6.49 m in the landslide scarp and a maximum deposition of +5.01 m in the westernmost section, resulting in a negative sediment balance of 9980 m³. The landslide, which exhibits a complex dynamic, evolved into a debris flow, with secondary erosion processes further reshaping the landscape. Given the region’s susceptibility to denudation and anthropogenic modifications, understanding these processes is crucial for hazard assessment and mitigation strategies. This study highlights the importance of high-resolution topographic surveys for detecting morphological changes and evaluating landslide-prone areas in similar environments
Association between estimated intelligence quotient and treatment outcome in young patients with posttraumatic stress disorder treated with developmentally adapted cognitive processing therapy
No full textHigher pretreatment estimated intelligence quotient (IQ) has been associated with higher treatment gains in adult patients treated with cognitive processing therapy (CPT). We assessed the association between IQ and PTSD treatment outcome in young patients (14-21 years) with childhood abuse-related PTSD treated with developmentally adapted CPT (D-CPT). Participants (N = 44) of a randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of D-CPT were tested with the Culture-Fair Intelligence Test before treatment. PTSD symptomatology was assessed with the Clinician-administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents at baseline, midtreatment, posttreatment, and at 3-, 6-, and 12 months after end of therapy. Multilevel modeling was used to assess the association of IQ and PTSD symptom reduction at all assessment points. Binary regression was used to assess if IQ predicted PTSD remission and dropout. Results showed no association between IQ and PTSD symptom reduction (βIQ x time = .12, t = 1.33, p = .19). IQ did also not predict diagnostic status of PTSD at posttreatment (βIQ = .05, z = 1.22, p = .22) nor dropout (βIQ = -.04, z = -1.04, p = .29). Our results indicate that young patients with PTSD might profit from a D-CPT treatment independent of their IQ
Testing the predictive capability of the Index of Connectivity for debris‐flow coupling under varying forcing conditions : Insights from two consecutive events in the Horlachtal catchment, Austria
No full textThis study examines the relationship between structural connectivity, forcing conditions and functional connectivity of debris flows in an alpine catchment in the Austrian Alps. We investigate two consecutive rainfall events in the Horlachtal valley in 2022 that triggered 163 and 69 debris flows, respectively, providing a unique opportunity to assess connectivity under different rainfall forcing magnitudes. Using the Index of Connectivity (IC) to represent structural connectivity, spatially distributed precipitation data for forcing and a debris flow–channel proximity metric to quantify functional connectivity, we evaluate how well the IC predicts debris flow–channel coupling with and without incorporating observed forcing information. Our results demonstrate that the IC serves as a robust predictor of debris flow connectivity across different forcing conditions, with strong correlations for both events. While observed rainfall forcing showed moderate correlation with functional connectivity, their inclusion in predictive models provided only marginal improvement (2% additional variance explained) over IC alone. This suggests that topographic and morphological constraints, rather than precipitation patterns, predominantly control debris flow propagation in this setting. Notably, the predictive capability of the IC proved relatively stable despite substantial differences in rainfall magnitude between events. Various regression models were evaluated, with quadratic and beta regression approaches performing best. The proximity metric used in this study offers advantages over binary coupling classifications by providing more nuanced information about functional connectivity, especially valuable when most observed processes do not reach the channel network. These findings empirically validate the IC as a meaningful descriptor of system structure in alpine catchments and suggest that challenges in spatial transferability of IC models likely stem from factors other than forcing variability
Unbändige Sehnsucht nach Veränderung : Apokalyptische Texte in der Bibel
No full textDer Beitrag skizziert Auslöser, Kennzeichen und Botschaften biblischer und außerbiblischer apokalyptischer Literatur nach und setzt dabei einen Schwerpunkt auf die Offenbarung des Johannes
The complexity and contradictory nature of beliefs in dealing with multilingualism : positionings of primary school teachers between support, ambivalence and rejection
No full textThe BLUME study founded by the German Research Foundation study (“Primary Teachers’ Beliefs Regarding Multilingualism”) describes the complexity and contradictions of primary school teachers’ beliefs. The aim is to empirically envision the whole range of beliefs held by primary school teachers. As part of the BLUME vignette study, qualitative, vignette-based interviews in the style of brief teaching case studies were conducted with 43 primary school teachers. In order to unveil the teachers’ beliefs, the study identified positioning statements that are precise statements independent of the situation and indicate the teachers’ beliefs. Using a basic coding for the positioning statements, in the first step of the analysis, text passages containing beliefs were identified, and a category system was developed inductively and deductively, presented in this article. The results show a high degree of variation in the beliefs of primary school teachers, ranging from strongly affirmative to strongly resistant beliefs. In addition, the teachers show ambivalence in dealing with multilingualism in class as well as in their reflections on their own positioning. The qualitative-empirical approach presented here makes it possible to visualise the theoretically assumed complexity and hierarchisation within the teachers’ belief systems
Minimal Subsampled Rank-1 Lattices for Multivariate Approximation with Optimal Convergence Rate
No full textEntscheidungsdilemmata : ein Lernanlass für die Entwicklung demokratischer Handlungskompetenz
No full textA two-step large neighborhood search for a collaborative two-tier city logistics system
No full textThe rapid transport of freight is an essential feature of modern societies and an enabling factor for economic trade and growth. Nevertheless, the negative impact of freight transportation in urban areas poses challenges for Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) as well as for municipalities. In this context, a centrally coordinated Two-Tier City Logistics System (2T-CLS), in which LSPs voluntarily agree to collaborate with each other, has the potential to reduce both economic and environmental impact costs. In order to plan such a system, it is important not only to make efficient use of the resources provided but also to have a mechanism that allocates the costs incurred to the individual LSPs. We introduce a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) formulation for the tactical planning of a 2T-CLS involving multiple LSPs that share their resources and customer demands. This MILP comprises a service network design formulation on the first tier and a vehicle routing problem formulation on the second tier, which are connected with each other. To address larger instances, we introduce an Integrative Two-Step Large Neighborhood Search with adaptive components that integrates first and second-tier decisions. In order not only to minimize the costs incurred but also to distribute them fairly, we investigate different problem-specific proportional methods, as well as more advanced game theoretical methods. Numerical experiments show that collaboration leads to average cost savings of 26.91%, which primarily stems from first-tier collaboration