Publikationsserver der Katholischen Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt
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Eine rückwärtsgewandte Kirche in einem fortschrittlichen Staat? : Katholizismus in den USA
No full textAssessing the role and effect of physician assistants in pediatric surgery : a prospective cross-sectional trial
No full textBackground:
Physicians spend an increasing amount of time on administrative activities. Physician assistants (PA) may help free up time for non-delegable, patient-specific tasks. We began employing PAs in our pediatric surgery department in 2021 and evaluated their impact.
Methods:
We conducted a pre- and postinterventional study to measure the impact of adding PAs to our workforce. Parameters modelling workforce efficiency, including sign-out times, physician overtime, and discharge flow, were measured and compared over corresponding 5-month periods. Family, nursing staff, and physician satisfaction were assessed before (PA-) and after (PA +) hiring PAs, using Likert-scale questionnaires. All parametric quantitative data were compared statistically.
Results:
During the intervention period, sign-out to the on-call team occurred earlier (17:22 ± 0:47 h PA + vs. 18:21 ± 1:14 h PA-, p<0.001). Simultaneously, residents observed breaks more frequently (88% vs. 55%, p = 0.001), waiting time until discharge was reduced (1:38 ± 1:15 h PA + vs. 2:15 ± 1:44 h PA-, p = 0.001), and effective discharge occurred earlier (13:08 ± 2:17 h PA + vs. 13:45 ± 2:26 h PA-, p = 0.036). A total of 76 questionnaires by employees and 300 questionnaires by patients/families regarding satisfaction were analyzed. After the introduction of PAs, patient/family satisfaction improved from 1.5 to 1.3 (p = 0.041).
Conclusion:
The addition of PAs to our team had positive effects on patient and family satisfaction, quality of care, work efficacy, sign-out times, and patient discharge. These changes may translate into substantial economic healthcare savings, as well asimproved and more efficient patient care
Truck drone arc covering problem with an application and case study in disaster management
No full textRiver exploration during, before, or after floods enables operators in civil protection and disaster control to better prepare for or even prevent disasters. While typically, this river exploration is done by boat, truck, helicopter, or even not at all, autonomous flying drones equipped with a camera can enhance this process. Moreover, interaction between a truck and a drone can enable the drone to be used flexibly and extend its short range. Thus, the Bavarian Red Cross equipped a truck with a drone for river coverage. Based on this real case, we introduce a truck drone arc covering problem (TD-ACP) for the application of river coverage. We formulate the TD-ACP as a mixed-integer linear program and introduce valid inequalities that strengthen the formulation and allow us to solve realistic-sized instances to optimality. In a real-world case study involving an actual river, we demonstrate that using drones for river coverage can reduce coverage time by 56.3% compared to boats and by 28.1% compared to trucks. Additionally, we propose a manual planning heuristic that is straightforward for practitioners to apply and achieves an optimality gap of 4.0% on this specific river
Pflegewissenschaft stärken – Impulse für die pflegewissenschaftliche Weiterentwicklung der Universitätskliniken : Strategien für akademische Exzellenz, klinische Wirkung und strukturelle Verankerung
No full textIt matters where they live : the role of institutional factors for the mental health of unaccompanied young refugees
No full textBackground
Child and Youth Welfare Service (CYWS) facilities are an essential source of support and recovery for unaccompanied young refugees (UYRs) with traumatic experiences. Their mental health is affected by pre-, peri-, and post-flight stressors, with the residential setting playing a crucial role in increasing or reducing these risks.
Objective
This longitudinal study aimed to analyze how institutional factors in CYWS facilities influence UYRs’ mental health over a one-year period.
Participants and setting
We included N = 131 UYRs (Mage = 17.04; SDage = 1.46; 81.7 % male) living in N = 22 residential group homes in Germany.
Methods
Standardized questionnaires were used to assess posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), depression, and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, facility directors or social workers completed a questionnaire on facility characteristics, and the research team evaluated workload, staffing, and accommodation quality.
Findings
Lower staff workload predicted lower PTSS, depression, and anxiety scores among UYRs after one year. Living in UYR-specific groups also predicted lower PTSS scores. Open group climate after six months (T1) mediated the association between accommodation quality rating and PTSS, depression, and anxiety, as well as between UYR-specific group and PTSS and depression.
Conclusion
The institutional environment has an important impact on UYRs’ mental health. An institutional environment with sufficient staff, a high accommodation quality, and UYR-specific groups is beneficial for reducing the mental health burden
„Schulkatechese“ im Spannungsfeld von Patriotismus und Nationalismus : Zur ambivalenten Rolle des katholischen Religionsunterrichts für die Bildung des Demokratischen in Polen
No full textDer Beitrag analysiert die Rolle des katholischen Religionsunterrichts in Polen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Patriotismus und Nationalismus. Ausgehend von den historischen Ereignissen, die zur anhaltenden Verflechtung des Katholizismus mit der polnischen Identität beigetragen haben, wird aufgezeigt, wie schmal der Grat zwischen patriotischen und nationalistischen, oft christlich motivierten Tendenzen ist und wie sich diese Problematik im Religionsunterricht widerspiegelt. Dabei werden – bezogen auf die aktuelle Konzeptualisierung des Religionsunterrichts als „Schulkatechese“ und im Hinblick auf seine curricularen Vorgaben – inhaltliche Schwerpunkte mit polenzentrierten Narrativen und Heldenbildern identifiziert, die nationalismusfördernd wirken können. Die theoretische Reflexion schließt mit Impulsen, wie durch eine kritischere und inklusivere Gestaltung des Religionsunterrichts Nationalismus entgegengewirkt und die Demokratieförderung gestärkt werden kann
