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Conflict and support during apprenticeship training in Germany: consequences for apprenticeship success and further employment in the company
No full textReSi: A comprehensive benchmark for representational similarity measures
No full textMeasuring the similarity of different representations of neural architectures is a fundamental task and an open research challenge for the machine learning community. This paper presents the first comprehensive benchmark for evaluating representational similarity measures based on well-defined groundings of similarity. The representational similarity (ReSi) benchmark consists of (i) six carefully designed tests for similarity measures, (ii) 24 similarity measures, (iii) 14 neural network architectures, and (iv) seven datasets, spanning over the graph, language, and vision domains. The benchmark opens up several important avenues of research on representational similarity that enable novel explorations and applications of neural architectures. We demonstrate the utility of the ReSi benchmark by conducting experiments on various neural network architectures, real world datasets and similarity measures. All components of the benchmark are publicly available and thereby facilitate systematic reproduction and production of research results. The benchmark is extensible, future research can build on and further expand it. We believe that the ReSi benchmark can serve as a sound platform catalyzing future research that aims to systematically evaluate existing and explore novel ways of comparing representations of neural architectures
Was wollen wir verändern, und wie? Zielsetzung im SchuMaS-Forschungsverbund und Methoden zur Reflexion von Zielen und Veränderungsprozessen in Schulnetzwerken
No full textIn diesem Beitrag werden Methoden zur Zielsetzung und zur Reflexion von Veränderungsprozessen vorgestellt, die im Rahmen der Initiative Schule macht stark eingesetzt wurden. Zu diesen Methoden zählen auf der Ebene des SchuMaS-Forschungsverbunds die Entwicklung einer Theorie der Veränderung und auf der Ebene der Schulnetzwerke daraus abgeleitete Fortbildungssequenzen zur Zielpriorisierung und zur Reflexion von Schulentwicklungsprozessen. Diese Methoden ermöglichten systematisches Lernen und stellten Kohärenz in der Initiative Schule macht stark her und unterstützen Schulen bei der Gestaltung ihrer Schulentwicklungsprozesse
Datengestützte Qualitätsentwicklung - Strategien und Materialien im SchuMaS-Forschungsverbund
No full textDatengestützte Qualitätsentwicklung (DGQE) zielt darauf ab, pädagogische Entscheidungen systematisch und auf Grundlage vielfältiger Datenquellen zu treffen. Im SchuMaS-Forschungsverbund wurden vor diesem Hintergrund praxisorientierte Strategien und Materialien zur Professionalisierung von Schulleitungsmitgliedern entwickelt und erprobt. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über diese Materialien, die entlang eines datengestützten Entwicklungszyklus (Bestandsaufnahme, Zielplanung, Umsetzung, Evaluation) eingesetzt wurden. Zudem wird ihre ko-konstruktive Weiterentwicklung gemeinsam mit schulischen Akteur*innen beschrieben. Die Anwendung der Materialien erfolgte in schulübergreifenden Netzwerktreffen und wurde durch passgenaue Beratungsformate für Einzelschulen ergänzt. Abschließend diskutiert der Beitrag zentrale Gelingensbedingungen und bietet Impulse für zukünftige Schulentwicklungsprogramme
Appetitive responses toward smoking-related stimuli in abstinence-motivated, non-deprived individuals with chronic tobacco dependence: a multi-methodological investigation
Get PDFThe demand for economic narratives
Get PDFEconomic narratives are pervasive in the public discourse and can shape individual behavior. But so far we know very little about whether households actually demand and value narratives as information. We combine a comprehensive expert survey with a large-scale nationally representative household sample in the U.S. to examine the demand for economic narratives in a high-stakes environment of an unprecedentedly high recession probability. We document a substantial willingness to pay for economic narratives of more than 4 USD, which is higher than for numerical forecast information. The dominant motives for acquiring narratives are intrinsic, but a smaller share of participants also lists instrumental motives. Economic narratives improve respondents’ understanding of recession drivers and shape beliefs about the economy and spending, but exert only a minor impact on quantitative expectations. Our findings underscore the potential of narratives as a tool to improve economic understanding and to foster more informed decisionmaking
On the unequal burden of obesity: Obesity’s adverse consequences are contingent on regional obesity prevalence.
No full textObesity comes with adverse consequences for those affected, including relationship, economic, and health disadvantages. This is, at least partially, because individuals with obesity are frequently confronted with weight stigma. Those adverse consequences are typically viewed as cross-culturally universal (i.e., affecting all individuals to a similar degree, regardless of where they live). We here challenge this perspective. Specifically, we hypothesize (a) that obesity’s adverse consequences are less severe in regions where obesity is prevalent and (b) that this is because of reduced weight bias in these high-obese regions. In Studies 1-2, we use data from the US (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; N = 2,842,767 across 2,419 counties) and the UK (BBC Lab Data; N = 180,551 across 378 districts) to show that obesity’s adverse consequences are greatly reduced (or even vanish completely) in high-obese regions. In Study 3, we demonstrate that this reduction of adverse consequences is indeed due to reduced weight bias (Project Implicit; N = 381,956 across 678 US counties). We employed a multiverse approach to check the robustness of our results across 63 additional models, including alternative cut-offs, operationalizations, and various individual and regional control variables. Overall, our findings suggest that obesity’s adverse consequences are partly socially construed (and, thus, not inevitable) and, more broadly, highlight the need to consider regional contexts in psychological research
