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Household income mobility in France over the COVID-19 pandemic: losers and winners of the crisis
Get PDFTelevised inflation : measuring TV news coverage and its effect on household expectations
Get PDFThis paper introduces a novel TV news index specifically designed to track coverage of rising inflation across major US TV channels: ABC, CBS, CNN, and Fox News. The index is generated daily and aggregated into a monthly measure. Using this index, we analyze the impact of TV news on inflation expectations based on both aggregated monthly and micro-level daily data. We find that only CNN and Fox coverage have significant effects on inflation expectations, and that responses are stronger among women, younger, poorer, and less-educated households. Moreover, the effects are larger when inflation is rising and the inflationary episode is prolonged. The micro data confirm these findings and reveal a partisan bias: Republicans respond more strongly to TV news than Democrats and the effects are larger for Fox than for CNN
OECD pillar two compliance costs: A quantitative assessment for EU-headquartered groups
Get PDFThis study examines the compliance costs of OECD Pillar Two, i.e., the “Global Minimum Tax,” for multinational enterprises headquartered in the European Union. Collecting data from chief financial officers and heads of finance or tax departments, we estimate compliance cost determinants and subsequently predict the overall compliance burden. Results indicate total one-off costs of about EUR 1.2 billion (up to EUR 2.0 billion) and total recurring costs of EUR 517 million EUR p.a. (up to EUR 865 million EUR p.a.). Our findings inform the public discourse by mitigating information asymmetries between policymakers and corporations. Moreover, we contribute by establishing a cost benchmark to facilitate a systematic cost-benefit evaluation of this policy
The anatomy of U.S. sick leave schemes: Evidence from public school teachers
Get PDFWe study how public school teachers use paid sick leave. Most US sick leave schemes operate as individualized credit accounts: Paid leave is earned, and unused leave accumulates. We construct a unique dataset of daily leave balances and behavior among 982 teachers for 2010–2018. Sick leave use increases during flu season, and evidence indicates that the average teacher does not use sick leave for leisure though some subsets of teachers (e.g., the young and inexperienced) do. Usage increases with leave balance; the elasticity is around 0.4. Further, teachers with higher balances are less likely to work sick, particularly during flu season
Beliefs about bots: How employers plan for AI in white-collar work
Get PDFWe provide experimental evidence on how employers adjust expectations to automation risk in high-skill, white-collar work. Using a randomized information intervention among tax advisors in Germany, we show that firms systematically underestimate automatability. Information provision raises risk perceptions, especially for routine-intensive roles. Yet, it leaves short-run hiring plans unchanged. Instead, updated beliefs increase productivity and financial expectations with minor wage adjustments, implying within-firm inequality like limited rent-sharing. Employers also anticipate new tasks in legal tech, compliance, and AI interaction, and report higher training and adoption intentions
Transfer von digitalen Bildungstechnologien in der beruflichen Bildung : eine qualitative Analyse
Get PDFTax incentives and investments in the EU: Best practices and ways to stimulate private investments and prevent harmful tax practices
No full textThis study evaluates the effectiveness of tax incentives, with
a particular focus on incentives for research and development
(R&D). It analyses different design options for tax incentives
and shows that input-based R&D tax incentives appear to be
the most effective in stimulating additional R&D investment.
Taking into account the lessons learnt from empirical
evaluations and the restrictions imposed by Pillar Two,
refundable, volume-based tax credits with a broad scope
remain a convincing way forward for R&D tax incentives.
This document was provided by the Policy Department for
Economy and Growth at the request of the Subcommittee on
Tax Matters (FISC)
Patents, trade secrets and performance aspirations in family firms
Get PDFWe investigate whether family ownership is associated with a preference for patents or trade secrets. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, we show that family ownership is negatively associated with patenting and positively associated with the usage of trade secrets. We further show that both relationships are moderated by firm performance below the aspiration level, i.e. the performance benchmark level that an organization sets. These results can be explained with a mixed gambles behavioral agency framework. When family firms perform below their aspiration level, prospective financial gains become relatively more important as compared to current socioemotional wealth so that patents become more and trade secrets less attractive
