Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases
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The Caucasian Dwarf Goby (Knipowitschia caucasica) — Population Dynamics and Feeding Ecology in the Lower Rhine With a Special Focus on Winter
No full textArtificial expansion of shipping routes in the course of international trade opens up fish migration routes for numerous species. Since 2006 migration of four different goby species took place from the Ponto–Caspian region to the Lower Rhine. Neogobius fluviatilis , Neogobius melanostomus, Proterorhinus semilunaris and Ponticola kessleri were able to establish in the local fish community of the Lower Rhine. Besides the four other goby species, Knipowitschia caucasica migrated from the Ponto–Caspian region to the Lower Rhine as well in 2019. Due to increasing abundance in the last years and lack of information regarding population dynamics, feeding activity and prey preferences of the dwarf goby, the length of 1218 Caucasian dwarf gobies was analysed as well as the diet of 519 individuals in the course of May 2021 to February 2022. The populations of three different locations along the Lower Rhine were examined in winter on differences in population dynamics and feeding ecology. Analysis of the population over time suggests that K. caucasica in the Lower Rhine is an annual species with spawning during summer. The juvenile individuals of the Caucasian dwarf goby increased in total length until winter, while the adults vanished after spawning. Both juveniles and adults mainly fed on zooplankton and insect larvae. The feeding activity of the dwarf goby was higher in summer than in winter and started to increase as early as February. No difference in winter prey was recorded between populations at different sites, as all populations fed mostly on copepods and chironomids
Efficient WSI classification with sequence reduction and transformers pretrained on text
No full textFrom computer vision to protein fold prediction, Language Models (LMs) have proven successful in transferring their representation of sequential data to a broad spectrum of tasks beyond the domain of natural language processing. Whole Slide Image (WSI) analysis in digital pathology naturally fits to transformer-based architectures. In a pre-processing step analogous to text tokenization, large microscopy images are tessellated into smaller image patches. However, due to the massive size of WSIs comprising thousands of such patches, the problem of WSI classification has not been addressed via deep transformer architectures, let alone via available text-pre-trained deep transformer language models. We introduce SeqShort, a multi-head attention-based sequence shortening layer that summarizes a large WSI into a fixed- and short-sized sequence of feature vectors by removing redundant visual information. Our sequence shortening mechanism not only reduces the computational costs of self-attention on large inputs, it also allows to include standard positional encodings to the previously unordered bag of patches that compose a WSI. We use SeqShort to effectively classify WSIs in different digital pathology tasks using a deep, text pre-trained transformer model while fine-tuning less than 0.1% of its parameters, demonstrating that their knowledge about natural language transfers well to this domain
MitoSkel: AI tool for semantic segmentation and quantification of mitochondria from light microscopy images
No full textA comparative study of child-directed language across five cultures based on data from the Acquisition Sketch Project
No full textSpecial Issue: In Memory of Barbara F. Kell
The destructive force of large bacterial metalloproteinases – A structural study of FtsH and ZmpC
No full text“We are doing it together, don’t worry” – A qualitative study on the implementation of electronic medical records in German hospitals
No full textBackground: The ongoing implementation of electronic medical records (EMRs) in German hospitals is currently slow. Implementation science widely acknowledges the barriers and facilitators to implementation. Thus, specific preconditions are necessary to address the former and to support an effective EMR implementation. However, a lack of knowledge exists about these necessary preconditions in Germany. This study aims to gain insight into key stakeholders’ experiences with implementing EMR systems in German hospitals to identify preconditions for embedding EMRs in this social context. Methods: Expert interviews were conducted with members of hospital-wide implementation teams concerning EMR implementation. The interviewees belonged to the nursing, IT, medical, and pharmaceutical professions and worked in hospitals with different contextual characteristics. The interview guideline was based on the practical Consolidated Framework for Implementation, which supports the systematic assessment of potential barriers and facilitators to identify implementation strategies and necessary adaptations. Data was collected between May 2021 and September 2022, and the interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Thirteen interviews were conducted with employees from eleven hospitals. Five critical preconditions emerged for EMR implementation based on our analysis: 1) adaptation, where the clinical context and EMRs are aligned; 2) stakeholder co-production, where all relevant stakeholders (e. g., professional groups, departments, and hierarchical levels) are involved in planning, implementing, and evaluating; 3) end-user participation, where end-users are involved in the implementation through close support and training; 4) integration into daily routines, where EMRs are integrated into daily work, including work processes that initially require additional effort but are necessary to experience the relative advantages; and 5) the continuous Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle, where the EMR implementation process is continuously reviewed and adjusted. In addition, activities to enact these preconditions were derived based on the interview data. Discussion: Our findings indicate that overall contextual adaptation is required. The five preconditions include essential activities to facilitate the integration of the EMR into daily routines. Participation, communication, and support are fundamental, as described in the international literature. Failure to comply with these preconditions can lead to challenges during implementation, such as end-user resistance. Conclusion: Considering social and technical aspects is paramount in implementing EMRs, which may also apply to future digital innovations’ change management processes
Legal Standards of Proof: When and Why Merely Statistical Evidence Can Satisfy Them
No full textThe relation of normic support offers a novel solution to the proof paradox: a paradox in evidence law arising from legal cases involving merely statistical evidence (Smith in Mind 127: 1193–1218, 2018). Central to the normic support solution has been the thesis that merely statistical evidence cannot confer normic support. However, it has been observed that there are exceptions to this: there exist cases where merely statistical evidence can give rise to normic support (Blome-Tillmann in Mind 129: 563–578, 2020). If correct, this fact seems to undermine the normic support solution to the proof paradox. This paper explores a resolution: normic support can resolve the proof paradox even though merely statistical evidence sometimes gives rise to normic support. The key to understanding this resolution lies with a source of evidential support that arises out of bodies of evidence that involve character evidence (cf. Colyvan, et al. in JPP 9(2): 168–181 2001). It turns out that character evidence can provide normic support when it is grounded in our knowledge of a certain kind of disposition individuals can have: goal-directed dispositions. The upshot is the recovery of the normic support solution to the puzzle of whether statistical evidence can meet legal standards of proof
An Extra-Qualitative Alternative to the Qualitative Interpretation of Absolute Individuation
No full textHusserl’s thesis of absolute individuation consists of two ideas: (1) unlike experiences and mundane entities, which are individuated via spatiotemporal position, the subject has its own principle of individuation and (2) even for non-subjects, the ultimate principle of individuation is their relationship with the subject. Absolute individuation is sometimes qualitatively interpreted (even by Husserl): owing to habituation, a subject’s personal character cannot be reinstantiated elsewhere. I argue against the qualitative interpretation for two reasons. The first is its inconsistency with Husserl’s account of the individuation of non-subjects. Maximally specific universals cannot individuate a non-subject because they can be multiply instantiated, at least in different phantasies. If multiple instantiation is also possible for personal characters, then this poses a problem for the qualitative interpretation. The second reason is that the qualitative interpretation cannot explain the subjective contribution to the individuation of non-subjects. I consequently propose an extra-qualitative interpretation: The relevant subject should be defined as one-off sic et simpliciter . It has no other determinations than one-offness and is, thus, pre-spatiotemporal. This can explain what individuates instances of maximally specific spatiotemporal universals, thereby addressing (2) above. It also highlights the need to recognize the respective contributions made by multiple notions of the subject. Husserl’s context-dependent distinction between constitutive determinations and principia individuationis may shed light on the qualitative/non-qualitative difference in contemporary metaphysics. The hierarchical model of individuation can also illuminate the debate around possible worlds and haecceitism
