18101 research outputs found
Sort by
Nätverkandets betydelse för implementering av VRA-teknologi
Get PDFDen globala efterfrågan på mat växer och sätter allt större krav på jordbruket att möta
livsmedelsbehovet samtidigt som det finns oro över dess negativa miljöpåverkan.
Jordbrukssektorn står för en betydande del av Sveriges växthusgasutsläpp, vilket kräver
ökad resurseffektivitet för att uppnå långsiktiga klimatmål. Tekniska innovationer inom
precisionsodlingsteknologier har potentialen att öka grödans avkastning, minska
miljöpåverkan och öka resurseffektiviteten. Studier har identifierat utmaningar såsom
bristande utbildningsmöjligheter och intresse bland lantbrukare för att implementera dessa
teknologier. En annan studie har visat att nybörjare inom precisionsodlingsteknik har
gynnats av att dra nytta av olika nätverk för att underlätta innovationsprocessen.
Studien har intervjuat tio lantbrukare som har implementerat VRA-teknik i företaget i syfte
att undersöka hur nätverkens roll verkar som nyckeldrivkraft i införandet av
precisionsodlingsteknologier. En kvalitativ metod har använts i studien. De modeller som
har använts är Triggering change model och Fogg behavior model. Triggering change
model delar upp innovationsprocessen i fem olika faser vilka den här studien har utgått
ifrån vid utformningen av intervjuguiden (bilaga 1) för att kunna identifiera vilka nätverk
lantbrukaren har använt i de olika faserna. Fogg behavior model har studien sedan utgått
ifrån i diskussionen för att förklara vad som har motiverat lantbrukarna till att implementera
VRA-teknik, vad som har gett dem förmågan att göra det samt vad som har triggat och
uppmanat dem.
Resultatet visar på att nätverk har en betydande roll för införandet av
precisionsodlingsteknologier. Framför allt efter att implementeringen är gjord.
Anledningen till att de flesta av de intervjuade började med VRA-teknik berodde mer på
ett intresse för tekniken och en förhoppning om att kunna optimera växtodlingen. Störst
betydelse hade nätverk när det uppstod problem med tekniken samt för att få hjälp med att
göra styrfiler. Dock påpekades det av flera lantburkare att de upplever att de saknas
kompetens hos rådgivare inom VRA-teknik, och att det skulle behövas ett större stöd vid
beslutsfattande om hur styrfiler ska utformas för att kunna optimera insatsvarorna
ytterligare.The global demand for food is growing which is putting pressure on the agriculture to meet
the food needs, at the same time there is a worry of its negative climate impact. The
agriculture sector is responsible for a significant portion of Swedens greenhouse gas
emissions, this requires an increased resource efficiency to achieve the long-term climate
goals. Technical innovations in precision agriculture technologies have the potential to
increase the crop yields, reduce environmental impact and enhance the resource efficiency.
Studies have identified challenges such as lack of educational opportunities and interest
among farmers to implement these technologies. Another study has shown that beginners
in precision agriculture have benefited from utilizing various networks to facilitate the
innovation progress.
The study has interviewed ten farmers which has implemented VRA technology in their
business to investigate how the role of networks acts as the key driver in the adoption of
precision farming technologies. A qualitative method was used in the study. The models
used were The Triggering change modell and The Fogg behavior modell. The triggering
change modell divides the innovation process into five different phases, which the study
used when designing the interview guide (appendix 1) to indentify which networks the
farmer has used in the various phases. The study then used the Fogg behavior modell in the
discussion to explain what motivated the farmers to implement VRA technology, what
gave them the ability to do so, and what encouraged them.
The results show that networks play a significant role in the adoption of precision farming
technologies, especially after the implementation is done. The reason most of the
interviews started with VRA technology was more due to an interest in the technology and
hope of optimizing crop cultivation. Networks were most important when problems with
the technology arose and for help with creating control files. However, several pointed out
that they feel there is lack of competence among advisors about VRA technology, and that
greater support is needed in decision making on how control files should be designed to
optimize inputs further
Arginins roll som biostimulant för att minska transplantationschock och främja tillväxt hos spenatplantor
Get PDFTransplantation shock can severely reduce plant yield by damaging roots and impairing water and nutrient uptake, making plants more vulnerable to stress and infections. This study investigates whether arginine, in the form of arGrow Granules, can act as a biostimulant to reduce transplantation shock and promote spinach seedling growth.
Spinach seedlings were transplanted into humus-rich muddy moraine soil, with arGrow Granules placed under the roots of the biostimulant group. Stress symptoms (bolting, leaf discoloration, wilting, and death), leaf size, leaf count, plant height, and biomass (leaf and root) were measured.
The biostimulant group that received arginine at transplantation exhibited more stress symptoms and had smaller leaves, height, and biomass compared to the control group. Therefore, this study does not support arginine as a biostimulant to reduce transplantation shock in spinach. Future studies could explore different soils, dosages, and application methods for non-forestry applications.Transplantationschock kan minska skörden genom att skada rötterna, försämra näringsupptag och öka mottaglighet för stress och infektioner. Det har bevisats i flera andra studier att biostimulanter kan lindra transplantationschock och öka tillväxten vid transplantation. Denna studie undersöker om en biostimulant bestående av arginin i form av arGrow Granulat kan främja tillväxt och rotutveckling hos spenatplantor.
Krukor fylldes med humusrik lerig moränjord och krukorna tillhörande behandlingsgruppen fick en dos arGrow Granulat i substratet. Därefter transplanterades spenatplantor till alla krukor. Under studien mättes stressymtom (blomning, missfärgning, vissnande), bladstorlek, bladantal, höjd och biomassa.
Resultaten visade att argininbehandlade plantor uppvisade fler stressymtom samt mindre blad, höjd och biomassa jämfört med kontrollgruppen. Studien stödjer därför inte användning av arginin som biostimulant för att minska transplantationschock hos spenat. Vidare studier med annan jord, dosering och appliceringsmetod kan ge mer insikt
Resurseffektivitet vid naturvårdsåtgärden katning : utvärdering av olika katningsutföranden
Get PDFThe resource efficiency of the fire-mimicking conservation action of partial girdling (known as “katning” in Swedish) was studied for three methods; Mechanical (Harvester), Motor-manual (Chainsaw) and Manual (Axe) over three standardized girdling intensities. Time data was collected at Ekopark Skatan in Västerbotten, for different work elements. The time required for the “katning” work element decreased with increased mechanization and increased with increased girdling intensity. The difference between the methods decreased when standard hourly costs were used to translate the time required for girdling per tree into a cost per tree. The results showed that there was no significant difference in cost to girdle with a harvester or chainsaw, assuming the same level of intensity in execution.
Further research is needed as efficiency studies for conservation actions are rare. More studies on methods, girdling intensities, and times are of interest for resource efficiency. Above all, future studies need to focus on result effectiveness in terms of the girdling effects on wood chemistry, key structures, and ecology to combine resource efficiency and result effectiveness
Energy use of cooking in the Swedish diet and Mistra food future scenarios
Get PDFThere are many stages of the food system playing a part in its impact on the environment, and to understand the whole is to understand every part. The energy used at the consumption stage is substantial and needs to be better understood, in particular areas that have so far received less attention, such as the cooking energy use of different diets.
This thesis aimed to quantify the energy use for cooking in Sweden and to compare it with scenarios of future diets that are targeting a more sustainable Swedish food system. For this, the Mistra Food Futures scenario skeletons were used as examples of what such diets would contain. Existing data on the energy use of food preparation methods was used for calculating each foods energy use in cooking. In examining the results, the focus was put on the overall energy use for each of the diets as well as the different food groups consumed in the scenario diets and the current Swedish diet.
The result showed that three of the four future scenario diets had a 6-20% higher energy use than the current Swedish diet, when using the same standard of appliances, but a lower energy use when accounting for energy efficiency improvements in appliances for the future scenario diets. It was also found that a higher food volume consumption is the case for the four future scenario diets, being one of the factors in the differences in energy use. The scenario diet Food as Culture was found to have the lowest energy use in cooking out of all the diets in this study, despite containing a larger volume of food than the current Swedish diet. The different food groups were found to have large variations in their energy intensity per kg of food, affecting the food groups’ energy use. Despite this, the volume of food consumed for a food group is likely to be the main deciding factor in determining its share in the total cooking energy use.
Further research on the nutrient-energy relationship in cooking energy use could provide a better understanding of the differences between diets, as the nutrition they provide is a key aspect of their sustainability. Additionally, studying the frequency of methods used for preparing different food groups, as well as using more current data on the energy use of those methods could shed further light on the energy requirements of different diets in their cooking
Liten skog i stor stad
Get PDFVärldens städer förtätas mer och mer i samband med urbaniseringen och majoriteten av världens befolkning beräknas bo i städer till 2050. Detta innebär att det behövs nya metoder för att nå målen om hållbara städer för att möta den stora och snabba inflyttningen till städer på ett socialt, ekonomiskt och ekologiskt hållbart sätt. Den biologiska mångfalden hotas då de arter som är anpassade till stadsmiljöer lever på ytor som riskerar att försvinna vid förtätning. För att öka den biologiska mångfalden kan man använda sig av tät vegetation, men det är också den täta vegetationen som vissa kan uppleva som otrygg. Mikroskog är en skog i ett mindre format som består av tät vegetation och bidrar med hög biologisk mångfald. Uppsala kommun har bifallit en motion om att anlägga mikroskog här i Uppsala, vilket även gör detta aktuellt att undersöka. En metod för att anlägga mikroskogar är genom miyawakimetoden, där små individer planteras nära varandra för att snabbt skapa en mikroskog med skogskaraktär. Den har hög densitet, snabb tillväxt och är effektiva som habitat för växter och djur. I dagsläget planteras mikroskog generellt på redan gröna ytor, något utanför staden, men den största effekten på biologisk mångfald och krontäckning skulle vara inne i staden. Därför måste mikroskogen anpassas för att fungera i ett urbant kontext där trygghetsaspekter prioriteras.
Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka mikroskogens roll i staden genom ett gestaltningsförslag som visar hur biologisk mångfald kan främjas på en hårdgjord yta, med utgångspunkt i miyawakimetoden. Arbetet undersöker mikroskogens plats i staden för att öka den biologisk mångfalden, samtidigt som trygghetsaspekter tas i beaktning
Gestaltningsförslaget baseras på naturligt förekommande skogstyper i Sverige, sammansatta utifrån potentiell naturlig vegetation (PNV) baserat på Hamnplans ståndort, bestående av inhemska pionjär- och sekundärarter, samt amträd. Konceptet är en nytolkning av arboretum som lyfter fram svenska skogstyper istället för enskilda exotiska trädarter och utgår från naturliga kombinationer av trädarter och fältskikt som tillsammans bildar skogstyper typiska för den svenska naturen.
Detta projektet har väckt flera tankar kring mikroskog, men jag tror att mikroskog kan vara lösningen till att få in mer biologisk mångfald i våra städer och jag hoppas att detta arbete inspirerar till att anlägga mikroskog mer centralt i städerna. På så vis kan vi komma ett steg närmare att uppnå de globala målen för hållbara städer. På Hamnplan fanns god tillgång till inhemskt material, vilket resulterade i att exotiska arter inte behöver inkluderas. I min gestaltningsprocess har jag därför valt att följa miyawakimetoden och inte undersökt användningen av exotiska arter.The world’s cities are becoming increasingly dense as a result of urbanization, and the majority of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050. This means that new approaches are needed to achieve the goals of sustainable cities to meet the large and rapid influx of people into cities in a socially, economically and ecologically sustainable way. Biodiversity is under threat as species adapted to urban environments live in areas that are at risk of disappearing due to densification. Dense vegetation can be used to increase biodiversity, but it is also the dense vegetation that some may find unsafe. A micro forest is a forest in a smaller format that consists of dense vegetation and contributes to high biodiversity. Uppsala municipality has approved a motion to establish micro forest here in Uppsala, which also makes this relevant to investigate. One method of establishing micro forests is through the Miyawaki method, where small individuals are planted close to each other to quickly create a micro forest with a forest character. It has high density, rapid growth and is effective as a habitat for plants and animals. Currently, micro forests are generally planted on already green areas, slightly outside the city, but the greatest impact on biodiversity and canopy cover would be inside the city. Therefore, micro forests need to be adapted to work in an urban context where safety aspects are prioritized.
The aim of the work is to investigate the role of the micro forest in the city through a design proposal that shows how biodiversity can be promoted on a hard surface, based on the miyawaki method. This study examines the integration of micro forests into the urban landscape to promote biodiversity, with particular attention to safety aspects.
The design proposal is based on naturally occurring forest types in Sweden, composed of potential natural vegetation (PNV) based on Hamnplan’s location, consisting of native pioneer and secondary species, as well as nursing trees. The concept is a new interpretation of arboretum that emphasizes Swedish forest types instead of individual exotic tree species and is based on natural combinations of tree species and field layers that together form forest types typical of Swedish nature.
This project has raised several thoughts about micro forests, but I believe that micro forests can be the solution to bring more biodiversity into our cities and I hope that this work will inspire more micro forests at the heart of cities. In this way, we can come one step closer to achieving the global goals for sustainable cities. At Hamnplan, there was good access to native material, which meant that exotic species did not need to be included. In my design process, I have therefore chosen to follow the Miyawaki method and not investigate the use of exotic species
CCF in Lilla Trånghyltan
Get PDFThe interest in management of forests using Continuous Cover Forestry treatments has been increasing in Sweden during the latest decades among private landowners. Swedish research has however focused on rotation-forestry, clearcutting, meaning that what knowledge currently exists is based either on international studies or simulations.
Due to the lack of knowledge of, and increased interest in CCF, simulations were conducted to determine management’s effect on biological growth and economical revenue. Three types of management regimes were simulated: (1) 100 % management using rotation forestry, (2) 100% management using Continuous Cover Forestry treatments, and (3) a combined treatment where part of the property was managed using Continuous Cover Forestry treatments and the rest using rotation forestry.
Results indicated that CCF performs worse than rotation forestry, both in terms of biological growth, and economical revenue. The combined treatment, when the correct stands are chosen for CCF, can yield growth and economical revenue similar to, or with some loss when compared to rotation forestry. The simulation did indicate issues with regeneration within spruce-dominated stands, resulting in stagnated growth. Further research on, and refinement of, Heureka´s regeneration models are necessary to determine whether spruce stands are simulated correctly
Effects of crown competition on stem growth of naturally regenerated oak
Get PDFPedunculate oak (Quercus robur) is a prominent tree species in European temperate forests, providing many ecosystem services and habitat for a variety of species. Intensification of forest management during the 20th century and lack of disturbance in protected areas have led to denser canopies, which negatively impact natural regeneration of oak. Oak is a light demanding species and has historically mainly been found in semi-open areas with frequent disturbance. Dalby Söderskog national park, located in southern Sweden, is a formerly oak dominated temperate forest where a new oak regeneration has established after a recent increase in light availability due to the tree diseases Dutch elm disease and ash dieback. Earlier studies have found that crown size was positively related to stem diameter in young oaks in Dalby Söderskog. The purpose of this study was to examine how crown competition influences stem diameter growth of individual oaks over time. Additionally, the difference in stem diameter growth was examined in trees for which crown competition status remained the same and in trees for which crown competition increased. This was done by statistical analyses of the stem diameter growth and the change in crown competition status of 394 young oaks between 2021 and 2025. The basic hypothesis was that stem diameter increment decreases with increasing crown competition. The results confirm the hypothesis, showing that stem growth in pedunculate oak is negatively affected by higher crown competition. The general pattern is the same for all oaks, independent on if crown competition status has been constant or increased during the four years. The young oaks in Dalby Söderskog have a very high stem growth when they have sufficient light availability, but when the crown is almost or completely overgrown the stem growth is very low. The results also showed that already one to three years of increased shading will lead to a significantly lower stem growth compared to constant competition status, demonstrating rapid negative effects of increasing crown competition and stand density
Evaluating the rehabilitative properties of the outdoor environments of Uppsala University Hospital
Get PDFThe thesis evaluated the rehabilitative properties of the outdoor environments of Uppsala University Hospital by applying Evidence-Based Design tools to an existing healthcare environment. The method included a GIS analysis to categorise the existing green structure and an evaluation of Uppsala University Hospital's outdoor environments through a modified version of the Quality Evaluation Tool (QET). QET details 19 evidence-based environmental qualities to evaluate and improve when it comes to rehabilitating green environments. A new grading scale (1–5) was developed for the QET analysis to increase the consistency of the assessments. Along with this grading scale, grading criterions for each grade were developed for ease of thorough and systematic site analysis.
The results from the GIS analysis showed that the hospital area has a low proportion of greenery, with only 11.7% tree canopy coverage. The QET analysis showed that the rehabilitative properties were generally low within the hospital area itself. This was the case both for environmental qualities in the comfortable design category and in the access to nature category. Public areas outside the hospital grounds, such as nearby parks and forests, offered the best qualities for access to nature. Many qualities related to meaningful experiences of nature (for example tranquillity, wild nature, and refuge) were assessed as particularly deficient within the hospital grounds.
The thesis concludes that the outdoor environments at Uppsala University Hospital largely lack sufficient rehabilitative properties. To improve these, a suggestion is made that the hospital should prioritize rehabilitative qualities in its design, increase green spaces by, for example, de-paving parts of existing areas, and improving physical accessibility to the higher quality natural areas outside the hospital grounds. The study contributes to new knowledge by offering a clear methodology for analysing existing hospital environments with theories grounded in evidence-based design, and the development of gradings and grading criteria for the QET.Uppsatsen utvärderade de rehabiliterande egenskaperna i utemiljöerna kring Uppsala Akademiska Sjukhus genom att tillämpa verktyg för evidensbaserad design på en befintlig vårdmiljö. Metoden inkluderade en GIS-analys för att kartlägga grönstrukturen och en utvärdering av Uppsala Akademiska Sjukhus utemiljöer genom en modifierad version av Quality Evaluation Tool (QET). QET omfattar 19 evidensbaserade miljökvaliteter som är viktiga att utvärdera och förbättra när det gäller rehabiliterande utomhusmiljöer. En ny bedömningsskala (1-5) utvecklades för QET-analysen för att öka konsekvensen i bedömningarna. Tillsammans med bedömningsskalan togs bedömningskriterium fram för varje betyg för att möjliggöra en grundlig och systematisk platsanalys.
Resultaten från GIS-analysen visade att sjukhusområdet har en låg andel grönska, med endast 11,7% krontäckningsgrad. QET-analysen visade att de rehabiliterande värdena var generellt låga inom själva sjukhusområdet. Detta gällde både för miljökvaliteter inom kategorin bekväm design och inom kategorin tillgång till natur. Allmänna utemiljöer utanför sjukhusområdet, såsom närliggande parker och skogar, erbjöd de bästa kvaliteterna för stimulerande natur. Många kvaliteter som rör mer betydelsefulla naturupplevelser (till exempel rofylldhet, vildhet och natur samt skyddat och tryggt) bedömdes som särskilt bristfälliga inom sjukhusområdets gränser.
Uppsatsen drar slutsatsen att utomhusmiljöerna vid Uppsala Akademiska Sjukhus i generellt saknar tillräckliga rehabiliterande värden. För att förbättra dessa värden föreslås att sjukhuset bör prioritera rehabiliterande kvaliteter i sin design, öka grönytorna genom exempelvis avhårdläggning av befintliga ytor, samt förbättra den fysiska tillgängligheten till de mer högkvalitativa naturområdena utanför sjukhusområdet. Studien bidrar till ny kunskap genom att erbjuda en tydlig metodik för att analysera befintliga sjukhusmiljöer med teorier grundade i evidensbaserad design, och genom utvecklingen av graderingar och kriterier för QET-verktyget
Framing climate change
Get PDFPeer-reviewed scientific journals and mainstream news media are two significant spheres of public discourse where this thesis examines the framing of anthropogenic climate change. Using a mixed-methods design, I first performed quantitative text analyses on a corpus of review article abstracts from Nature and Nature Climate Change (2022–2024) as well as tagged S¨uddeutsche Zeitung articles (June and December 2022–2024). Among these analyses were Discourse Network Analysis and frequency analysis of words and bigrams. Following the identification of recurrent word clusters and lexical patterns, six scientific papers and ten newspaper articles were chosen as purposive subsamples for a thorough qualitative analysis.
I used an integrated discourse-analytical framework that combined three different devices: firstly, the logic of problematisation proposed by Collier and Cox (2021), secondly, the distinction between global environmental management and prodigality discourses formulated by Adger et al.(2001), and lastly, Carol Bacchi’s ”What is the Problem Represented to Be?” questions (Bacchi 2012). According to this method, the majority of scientific and journalistic texts portray climate change as a technical or epistemic problem, highlighting data gaps, model uncertainty, and discrete impacts. Proposed solutions, on the other hand, typically focus on better measurement, modelling, and policy coordination. The crisis is divided into specific research problems (such as carbon feedback loops and grid decarbonisation) in scientific abstracts, and news articles replicate this fragmenting by focusing on specific phenomena like tipping points, marine heatwaves, and Arctic sea-ice loss. The global environmental management framework predominates in both areas; discussions of excessive consumption, equity, or systemic change are occasionally mentioned but stay on the periphery. These results imply that technocratic solutions are given precedence over more expansive moral, justice-focused, and narrative frames that have been demonstrated to encourage engagement in the examined domains of climate communication. Future research directions are suggested in the study’s conclusion, including comparing full-length articles and long-form journalism, incorporating activist, policy, or social media framings, and purposefully examining underutilised frames like intersectionality, equity, and climate justice. These initiatives may aid in bridging the gap between the complexity of science and the general public’s understanding and enhance communication’s ability to motivate group climate action
The Garden gate : a qualitative interview study on staff experiences regarding the outdoor environment for older residents in residential care facilities
Get PDFKontakt med utomhusmiljö och natur har en mängd hälsofördelar, inte minst för multisjuka och sköra äldre personer. Personal på särskilda boenden för äldre arbetar utifrån ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt och är ofta en avgörande länk för hyresgästernas tillgång till kontakten med utomhusmiljön och naturen. Syftet med studien är att undersöka personalens upplevelse av utomhusmiljön för hyresgästerna.
Metoden som användes var multiprofessionella fokusgruppsintervjuer som genomfördes i samband med promenader i den aktuella miljön. Resultatet sammanfattades i en innehållsanalys som tog hänsyn till olika slags kontakt med utomhusmiljön som sker inifrån byggnaden och ut. Innehållet kategoriserades utifrån upplevelsen av hur kontakten med utomhusmiljön och naturen fungerar för hyresgästerna inifrån byggnaden och ut samt utifrån utomhusmiljö och utomhusvistelse i arbetssituationen. Resultatet pekar på att kontakten med utomhusmiljön och naturen kan underlätta för att stödja olika behov hos multisjuka och sköra personer såsom existentiella behov, behovet av autonomi och självständighet, sociala behov samt behovet av rörelse och aktivitet.
Vidare pekar resultatet på att personalen har upplevelser i arbetssituationen kring utmaningar och möjligheter som rör utomhusmiljö och utomhusvistelse och som även kan skilja sig emellan olika personalkategorier, vilket kan påverka hyresgästernas situation. Det verkar som personalens egenintresse för kontakt med utomhusmiljö kan påverka hyresgästernas tillgång, liksom att platsen för var personalens arbetsuppgifter utförs kan ha en positiv påverkan på hälsan hos hyresgästerna på olika sätt. Ytterligare visar studien vikten kring strategiska perspektiv som rör kontakten med utomhusmiljön och som kan öppna upp för och utveckla ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt vilket är värdefullt för hyresgästerna.Contact with the outdoor environment and nature has a number of health benefits, not least for multimorbidity and frail elderly people. Staff at residential care facilities for the elderly work from a person-centred approach and are often a crucial link for residents' access to contact with the outdoor environment and nature. The purpose of the study is to investigate the staff's experience of the outdoor environment for the residents. The method used was multiprofessional focus group interviews that were conducted in connection with walks in the current environment. The result was summarized in a content analysis that took into account different types of contact with the outdoor environment that takes place from inside the building and out. The content was categorised based on the experience of how the contact with the outdoor environment and nature works for the residents from inside the building and outwards, as well as based on the outdoor environment and outdoor stays in the work situation. The findings indicate that contact with the outdoor environment and nature can facilitate the support of different needs of multimorbid and fragile people, such as existential needs, the need for autonomy and independence, social needs, and the need for movement and activity. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the staff have experiences in the work situation regarding challenges and opportunities related to the outdoor environment and outdoor stays, and which can also differ between different staff categories, which can affect the residents' situation. It seems that the staff's self-interest in contact with the outdoor environment can affect the residents' access, as well as that the location where the staff's tasks are performed can have a positive impact on the health of the residents in various ways. Furthermore, the study shows the importance of strategic perspectives that relate to the contact with the outdoor environment and that can open up for and develop a person-centered approach, which is valuable for the residents