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Solubility of arsenic in untreated and ZVI-treated contaminated aquifer material
Get PDFArsenic (As) is a toxic element to all life and exists in nature both naturally and anthropogenically. Naturally As contaminated soils are formed due to high geogenic background As concentrations which is released when bedrock is eroded. Asia is a continent with a high amount of naturally As contaminated soils and groundwater. Anthropogenically As contaminated soils can originate from several sources such as industry, agriculture, burning of As containing fossil fuels etc. The main issue with As contaminated soils is that it ends up in the groundwater contaminating it and possibly in turn local drinking water. In nature, As exists predominantly as either As(III) in anoxic conditions or as As(V) in oxic conditions. As(III) is more soluble than As(V) leading to As being more soluble in anoxic conditions. The use of ZVI to immobilize As in the ground is a remediation technique that has become a more common the past decades. It is a technique that is favoured because of several factors, some being its efficiency, economical cost, and simplicity to use. ZVI also has the ability of effectively immobilizing As in oxic and anoxic conditions. In this report the As solubility in untreated and ZVI (mZVI and nZVI) -treated samples was analysed. The samples were collected in an anoxic aquifer within a CCA (Chromated copper arsenate) -contaminated area in Hjältevad. First, experiments were carried out to determine if phosphate and oxalate extractions are a good method in determining how As is bound in untreated and ZVI-treated sediment samples. Second, batch experiments were carried out to first determine the reaction kinetics of the experiment. Then, a pH-dependent As solubility experiment with different amounts of added As was carried out. Results from the extraction experiment and batch experiment were then used as input parameters in the chemical equilibrium software Visual MINTEQ. The purpose of this was to see if it was possible to find a model that fit the measured results by adjusting the available As for reaction and the amount of active ferrihydrite for the As to bind to. The results from the phosphate extraction were unexpected and showed an increase of As for ZVI-treated samples over time. This increase was also observed for Fe. This released Fe was most likely amorphous Fe that also had As bound to it, which lead to an increase of As over time. The reason for the amorphous Fe to be released into solution is not fully understood but the high concentration of PO43- (0.5 M) in the solution could over time perhaps interrupt the structure of the amorphous Fe. The geochemical modelling proved to be a challenge and no model was able to be made that fit the measured values with a great degree. The results did indicate that all the oxalate-extractable As was taking part in the equilibrium reactions. However, since the models did not fit perfectly it is difficult to determine if this is the actual case. The best fit model indicated that about 54% of the oxalate-extractable ferrihydrite is active and takes part in the reactions.
Keywords: Hjältevad, zerovalent iron, phosphate extraction, Oxalate extraction, Visual MINTEQ, geochemical modellin
Program for development of Nordanåparken in Skellefteå : based on social- and cultural heritage values
Get PDFStudien syftar till att visa hur landskapsarkitektur kan förena kulturhistoriska- och sociala värden genom ett utvecklingsprogram för Nordanåparken i Skellefteå. Studien utgår från kommunens mål som är att Nordanåparken ska utgöra en social mötesplats där de befintliga kulturhistoriska värdena sätts i fokus. Nordanåparken är en central park som har en mångskiftande historia och är klassat som ett riksintresse för kulturmiljö. Riksintressevärdena omfattar främst byggnaderna i parken. Nordanåparken är en funktionalistisk park som stod klar för invigning år 1945, det året som Skellefteå firade 100 år. Både värderingarna bakom parkens uppkomst och parkarkitektoniska element visar på den funktionalistiska ideologin.
Nordanåparkens huvudsakliga problem är att parkens kulturhistoriska värde inte kommuniceras och värderas. Studien visar att det finns brister av funktioner i parken och att platsen upplevs eftersatt samt har en splittrad karaktär. Inom ramen för examensarbetet valde vi därför att analysera platsens rumsliga förutsättningar, vilka kulturhistoriska värden parken har samt vilka sociala värden den behöver för att kunna fungera som en social mötesplats i staden. Med hjälp av de två sistnämnda analysmetoder kunde vi visa på parkens sociala- och kulturhistoriska värden samt brister. Resultatet från respektive analys sammanvägdes och låg sedan till grund för ett utvecklingsprogram. Utvecklingsprogrammet ger förslag på övergripande strategier och idéutveckling för hur Nordanåparkens kulturhistoriska värden kan bevaras och utvecklas samtidigt som befintliga sociala värden som innehåll, användbarhet och funktioner kan vidareutvecklas.
Avslutningsvis diskuteras begreppen bevarande och utveckling samt komplexiteten med att sammanväga flera värden på samma plats.The study aims to show how landscape architecture can combine cultural-historical and social values through a development program for Nordanåparken in Skellefteå. The study is based on the municipality's goal, which is that Nordanåparken should constitute a social meeting place where the existing cultural-historical values are put in focus. Nordanåparken is a central park that has a diverse history and is classified as a national interest in the cultural-historical environment. The national interest values include buildings in the park. Nordanåparken is a functionalist park that was ready for inauguration in 1945, the year that Skellefteå celebrated 100 years. Both the values behind the park's origins and park architectural elements point to the functionalist ideology.
Nordanåparken's main problem is that the park's cultural and historical value is not communicated and valued. The study shows that there are shortcomings of functions in the park and that the place is perceived as neglected and has a fragmented character. Within the framework of the degree project, we therefore chose to analyze the site's spatial conditions, what cultural-historical values the park has and what social values it needs to be able to function as a social meeting place in the city. With the help of the latter two analysis methods, we were able to show the park's social and cultural historical values and shortcomings. The results from each analysis were weighed together and then formed the basis for a development program. The development program provides proposals for overall strategies and idea development for how Nordanåparken's cultural-historical values can be preserved and developed at the same time as existing social values such as content, usability and functions can be further developed.
Finally, the concepts of conservation and development and the complexity of weighing several values in one place are discussed
Working related injuries for Swedish riding instructors
Get PDFHästnäringen i Sverige omsätter årligen 72 miljarder kronor och 38 000 personer arbetar med hästar. Kunskapen om arbetsmiljö inom hästnäringen är bristfällig visar en rapport från arbetsmiljöverket år 2018. Arbetsrelaterade skador och olyckor inom branschen kan leda till långa sjukskrivningar med allvarliga konsekvenser. En stor del av arbetstillfällena finns på Sveriges ridskolor. Forskningsläget inom arbetsmiljö hos ridlärare är relativt outforskat. Syftet var att kartlägga förekomsten av skador och sjukskrivningar hos yrkesverksamma ridlärare på svenska ridskolor. Samt att undersöka om det fanns arbetsmoment inom yrket som i högre grad bidrar till skador.
En enkät formulerad i Google Formulär skickades ut till 138 ridskolor i Sverige med geografisk spridning. Innehållet i enkäten berörde frågor kring arbetsuppgifter, ridlärarens ålder och utbildning, antalet verksamma år inom yrket samt kring återkommande fysiska besvär. Enkäten undersökte även förekomsten av arbetsrelaterade olyckor i samband med hästhantering eller ridning. Resultatet visade en spridning av åldrar, utbildning samt antal år inom branschen. Det fanns ingen koppling mellan ridlärarnas utbildningsnivå och förekomsten av skador eller olyckor. En stor del av ridlärarna som deltog i studien hade varierande arbetsuppgifter där det ofta förekom hästhantering och stallarbete i tjänsten. Av de ridlärare som uppgav att de även arbetade i stallet syntes en koppling mellan mockning i tjänsten och smärta i axlar och nacke. Av de ridlärare som uppgav att de red mer än 10 timmar per arbetsvecka i sin tjänst hade 41% varit sjukskrivna i mer än fem dagar på grund av avfallning från häst. Av alla sjukskrivningar som ledde till mer än fem dagar sjukskrivning var 51% i samband med hästhantering.
Arbetsbelastningen vid mockning med skottkärra och grep kan ge upphov till smärta och värk hos ridlärare. Arbetsredskapen som krävs för att utföra detta arbete är i regel anpassad efter män. Majoriteten av deltagarna i denna studie är kvinnor. Mer forskning inom detta område krävs för att kunna avgöra redskapen och arbetsuppgifternas påverkan på ridlärarnas fysiska hälsa samt för att med större trovärdighet kunna föreslå förebyggande åtgärder i ridlärares arbetsmiljö.Each year the horse industry in Sweden has an annual turnover of SEK 72 billion and 38 000 people work with horses. A report from the Swedish work environment authority in 2018 showed that knowledge about working environment in the horse industry is inadequate. Work-related injuries and accidents in the industry may cause serious consequences and the working environment for riding instructors is relatively unexplored. A lot of people are working as riding instructors. The aim of the study was to investigate if there was an association between the education of the instructors and the occurrence of work-related injuries and accidents. A secondary aim was to investigate whether there was work tasks that occur higher risks of injuries.
A questionnaire formulated in Google Forms was sent out to 138 riding schools in different parts of Sweden. The contents of the study concerned questions about tasks, education of the riding instructor and number of years in the profession. The questionnaire also examinated the occurrence of work-related accidents associated with horse-riding and recurrent physical pain. The result of the study showed that a large part of the riding instructors who participated in the study had varying tasks where there was often riding, handling of horses and work in the stable included. Mucking out boxes seemed to occur recurrent musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck and shoulder area. The conclusion was that riding and horse handling imply higher risks of accidents. There was no association between a higher level of education of the riding instructor and the occurrence of injuries or accidents
Individual masking of soundscapes : an observational study on how headphone usage in relation to the physical environment affect pedestrians’ conflicts at two intersections in central Uppsala
Get PDFPerception av omgivningen spelar en signifikant roll för fotgängares beteende i de offentliga rummen, något som användandet av hörlurar kan påverka och resultera i konflikter och trafikolyckor. Få studier är gjorda inom ämnet och dess relevans ökar eftersom fotgängare prioriteras alltmer inom stadsplanering med grund i de hälso- och hållbarhetsfördelar som gång som färdsätt innebär. Uppsatsen syfte är att analysera hur hörlursanvändning påverkar gåendes konflikter med andra trafikanter och relatera konflikterna till faktorer i den fysiska miljön, för att ge förståelse om hur Uppsala kommuns framtida stadsplanering kan ta hänsyn till auditiv teknologisk utveckling.
Två olycksdrabbade korsningar i centrala Uppsala inventeras och observeras utifrån ett protokoll med grund i TRAST med kriterier för bedömning av platsernas fysiska miljö, samt ett observationsschema inspirerat av Christer Hydéns Den svenska konflikttekniken för att kunna beskriva hur de konflikter som uppstår skiljer sig åt. Därefter jämförs materialet från de två korsningarna för att hitta likheter och skillnader.
Resultatet från uppsatsen visar att risken för konflikter ökar vid de undersökta platserna när miljön är utformad så att fotgängare med hörlurar lätt hamnar i andra trafikanters stråk. Risken ökar också då andra trafikanter kommer i kapp (bakifrån) eller från sidan. Diskussionen rör bland annat att risken ökar på grund av att fotgängarna med hörlurar varken ser eller hör i de situationerna. På så vis relateras effekten av den fysiska miljön och hörlursanvändning med varandra.Perception of the environment plays a significant role of pedestrians’ behavior in public spaces, which the use of headphones can affect and result in conflicts and traffic accidents. Few studies are done within the subject and its relevance is increasing as pedestrians are given more space in urban planning reasoning with the benefits that walking as a mode of transport entails. The purpose of the thesis is to analyze how headphone use affects pedestrian conflicts with other road users and relate the conflicts to factors in the physical environment, to understand how future urban planning in the municiplaty of Uppsala can consider the development of auditory technology.
Two accident-affected intersections in central Uppsala are inventoried and observed based on a protocol based on TRAST with criteria for assessing the sites' physical environment, and an observation scheme inspired by Christer Hydén's The Swedish Traffic-Conflicts Technique to describe how the conflicts that arise differ. Then the material from the two intersections is compared to find similarities and differences.
The results from the study show that the risk of conflict increases at the surveyed places when the environment is such that pedestrians wearing headphones easily enter the lanes of other road users. The risk also increases when other road users catch up (from behind) or from the side. One of the issues in the discussion is that the risk increases because pedestrians with headphones can neither see nor hear in these situations. In this way, the effects of the physical environment and the use of headphones are related
Olika Temperaturers effekt på groning och tidig tillväxt hos spenat (Spinacia oleracea L.)
Get PDFAs the worlds urban population grows more and more every year, it becomes increasingly important that cities become more self-sufficient on food. Indoor vertical hydroponic farms offer a solution to this by placing the farm in an urban environment and growing plants in a controlled environment. Nära Sverige AB is doing just that, by growing kale, pak choi and salad hydroponically in an ebb and flow system, two stories below the ground in Liljeholmen, Stockholm. At Nära Sverige AB, constant seed trials are performed to find new suitable crops for cultivation, with spinach being on top of the list. The yield of hydroponically grown spinach has been found to be higher than field grown spinach. It is also economically sound for a vertical hydroponic system because of its short production cycles. Short production cycles require a uniform emergence of the crop for it to be economically viable. Compared to other crops grown in hydroponic systems, spinach presents a challenge, because of its frequently non-uniform and low seed germination, and germination is highly affected by temperature.
By exploring the effects of different temperatures and water soaking of the seeds on seed germination and juvenile plant growth, this thesis aimed to find the most efficient way of germinating spinach for use in a hydroponic system. This was done in two phases, the germination phase where the aim was to see how the different treatments affected germination percentage, speed of germination and uniformity of germination. And the propagation phase, where the aim was to examine if the different treatments had any lingering effects on the growth and morphology of the plants after a week in the hydroponic system.
Four temperatures were tested, 12, 18, 21 and 27 °C and a soaking treatment was included at 18 °C, the seeds were germinated for seven days and a total of four replicates was performed. After the germination phase half of the seeds were dried and weighed for biomass. The other half were transferred to the hydroponic system for seven days and then measured for height, leaf length, chlorophyll content and biomass.
The results showed highest germination percentage at 12 °C, with decreasing germination rate with increasing temperature. Speed of germination was highest at 27 °C, while the most uniform germination occurred at 12 °C. The soaking treatment had no significant effects on the germination percentage, Temperature had significant effects on plant height, leaf length, chlorophyll content and biomass after propagation. Plant height increased linearly with temperature. Leaf length increased between 12 and 18 °C, before decreasing with temperature.
The most efficient germination method was discussed with the best compromise between high germination, high yield, and uniform growth in mind. Effects on juvenile growth and optimal days of germination were taken into account. Germination temperature of 27 °C showed significantly worse germination percentage, with germination inhibition indicated at 21 °C. Yield inhibition was indicated at 21 °C and above, with decreasing leaf length and chlorophyll content, albeit only significantly at 27 °C.
The high germination percentage, high uniformity, low plant height and favourable effects on juvenile growth all pointed to 12 °C as the most efficient temperature, with six days being the optimal germination time
Mikrobiologisk överlevnad i mjölk under förvaring i frystemperaturer : en pilotstudie
Get PDFMilk contains beneficial and non-beneficial bacteria which contribute with different outcomes to milk and dairy products. Beneficial bacteria are important during manufacturing while non-beneficial bacteria cause spoilage, food related outbreaks but also economical losses for the dairy industry. It is therefore important to control the survival of wanted and unwanted bacteria through microbial analyses. For this purpose, it would be beneficial if milk samples could be stored frozen for some time until analyses will be performed. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in ratio of milk microbiota during storage at two freezing temperatures, -20°C and -80°C, with respect to time. The hypothesis was that no change of milk microbiota would occur. The microbial community in the fresh milk was investigated directly after collection followed by once-a-week cultivation during eight weeks. Analysis was performed through pure culture streaking method both aerobically on Plate Count agar (PCA) and anaerobically on De Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar. Bacterial identification was performed using MALDI-TOF MS. Results revealed an effect of storage temperature, where the number of CFU/ml cultivated from milk samples stored at -80°C was higher than after storage at -20°C, irrespectively if bacteria were cultured on PCA or MRS. However, the effect was only significant for bacteria cultured on MRS. There was a significant effect of storage time on both aerobes and anaerobes when cultivating milk samples stored at -80°C and -20°C, respectively. However, for aerobes the difference between these two temperatures was not significant. The colony characterization by MALDI-TOF MS identified 14 different species from PCA and 9 species from MRS media. In conclusion, to maintain the original microbial community in milk during storage at freezing temperatures, storage of milk samples at -80°C is recommended.Mjölk innehåller bakterier som kan ha såväl en positiv respektive negativ inverkan på mjölk och mejeriprodukter. Fördelaktiga bakterier har en betydelsefull roll inom förädlingsprocesser medan ofördelaktiga bakterier kan orsaka livsmedelsrelaterade utbrott och förstörelse av mejeriprodukter och slutligen leda till ekonomiska förluster för mejeriindustrin. Följaktligen är det av stor vikt att utföra kontroller av både fördelaktiga och ofördelaktiga bakterier via mikrobiella analyser. I detta sammanhang vore det fördelaktigt om mjölkprover kunde förvaras frysta under en kortare tid tills analyserna kan genomföras. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka förändringar i mjölkens mikroflora över tid under förvaring i två frystemperaturer, -20°C och -80°C. Hypotesen var att ingen förändring i sammansättningen av mjölkens mikroflora skulle uppstå. Mikrofloran i den färska mjölken undersöktes direkt efter provtagningen med hjälp av odlingsbaserade metoder, och analyserna följde upp veckovis under åtta veckor. Mjölkprover odlades aerobt på Plate Count Agar (PCA) samt anaerobt på De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar. MALDI-TOF MS användes för identifiering av bakteriekolonier. Resultaten visade att antalet CFU/ml odlade från mjölkprover förvarade i -80°C var högre för båda bakterietyperna men att det högre antalet enbart var signifikant för anaeroba bakterier. Odlingarna visade en signifikant effekt av lagringstid för aeroba bakterier förvarade i -80°C respektive för anaeroba bakterier förvarade i -20°C. Däremot var skillnaden mellan de två temperaturerna inte signifikant för de aeroba bakterierna. MALDI-TOF MS kunde identifiera 14 olika arter från PCA- och 9 från MRS agar. Sammanfattningsvis rekommenderar studien att mjölkprover förvaras i -80°C för att bibehålla mjölkens mikroflora vid förvaring innan mikrobiella analyser genomförs
How do forest characteristics relate to brown bear (Ursus arctos) density? : focusing on basal area, age, height, and field layer
Get PDFBrown bear (Ursus arctos) is one of our most common large carnivores. The historic population in Sweden has been reduced due to conflicts with humans. The diet of the brown bear varies with the season and location. In the USA, brown bears feed more on salmon (Salmo salar) and trout (Salmo trutta), while in Sweden it is more reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and moose (Alces alces) during the spring which interferes with reindeer husbandry. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtilus), and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis ideae) is the most important food resource during the late summer and fall, occasionally the bears also feed on ants. Bears occur in boreal forests and females select home ranges that provide good food resources. Before entering hibernation, bilberries are one of the most important food resources and are heavily affected by forest management, the thinning phase, and mature forests that are ready to be clear-cut. After a clear-cut, the bilberry is greatly decreased but starts to recover as the forest grows and the canopy closes. When the forest becomes too dense the bilberry stops growing but it starts to increase again after thinning. This study investigated how the forest characteristics are related to the bear density since the bilberry abundance changes during one management cycle of the forest and bilberry is one of the most important food recourses. Two linear mixed models (lme) were created with bear density as a response variable. Model one contained mean height, basal area, and age. The second model contained the seven groups of field layers (bilberry, lingonberry, poor, grass, herbs, crowberry, and no field layer) as explanatory variables. The bear density data was estimated from spatial capture-recapture surveys based on DNA from feces collected during fall, the forest data were obtained through the NFI (National Forest Inventory). The results show that age was positively correlated with the bear density. This could be since bilberry is heavily affected by clear-cutting and takes years to recover. The basal area and mean height, on the other hand, had a negative correlation with bear density. This could be since bilberry is favored by forests that are not too dense but have a basal area of around 30-40 m2 /ha and a canopy openness of 50%. Furthermore, both bilberry and lingonberry abundance peak at a lower forest height, bilberries around 15 meters and lingonberries around 0 meters. There was no difference between the field layers, except the No field layer which gave a lower bear density compared to bilberry
Feeding routines for privately owned horses : A survey based study
Get PDFIn Sweden, there are a large number of horses owned by private people who are not part of business activities, calculated from the Swedish Board of Agriculture's figures of approximately 266,000 horses. In order to take into account the horse's natural needs as a grazing large intestine fermenter, Swedish horse owners need knowledge about feeding and the role of forage in the horse's well-being.
The aim of this study was to analyze the feeding routines of privately owned horses in Sweden.
This study was conducted as a survey study. Through Google Docs, an online survey was created that included 18 questions and the survey was sent out to respondents on Facebook and Hippson.se. The survey was aimed at private horse owners with a maximum of four horses and the questions were answered anonymously. The collection of survey responses lasted 14 days during February 2019. A total of 3274 responses were collected, comprising approximately 6800 horses.
Majority (55%) of the horse owners used haylage as forage. Remaining lined with hay or a combination of hay and haylage. A small proportion lined with silage (see Figure 1). Haylage was the most widely used forage if the respondents had their horse/horses stabled in rural, rural areas close to urban and urban areas (p=0.04) (see Figure 2). Hay was mostly used in rural areas compared to rural areas in close proximity to urban and urban areas (p=0.04). Silage was used to the lowest extent regardless of where the stable was located and only in rural and rural areas close to urban areas.
The average of dry matter was 78%. Most of the respondents had a forage with dry matter value between 71-80%, the rest had a dry matter value between 81-90% and between 61-70%. A small part had value between 91-100% dry matter and the smallest proportion had value between 50-60% dry matter (see Figure 3).
The study's questions and conclusions:
How does the forage affect the health and behavior of the horse?
Horses that were fed roughage more than six times per day had a larger absence of colic.
What factors influence the horse owner's choice of forage?
The most important factors among the respondents were the hygienic quality, the nutritional content of the forage and accessibility. At the same time, a proportion of horse owners were not able to choose which forage they would feed.
What does an average daily forage giveaway look like?
The results of the study showed that the majority of the horse owners who participated in the survey fed more forage than SLU's recommended minimum level (1 kg dry matter/100 kg body weight) and the remaining horse owners fed their horses 1 kg dry matter/100 kg body weight. None of the respondents fed their horses with a lower proportion of roughage than SLU's recommended minimum level.I Sverige finns ett stort antal hästar ägda av privatpersoner som inte ingår i näringsverksamhet, beräknat på Jordbruksverkets siffror cirka 266 000 stycken. För att kunna ta hänsyn till hästens naturliga behov som betande grovtarmsförjäsare behöver svenska hästägare kunskap om utfodring och grovfodrets roll för hästens välbefinnande.
Syftet med studien var att göra en nulägesanalys av faktiska foderrutiner bland privatägda ridhästar i Sverige.
Denna studie var utförd som en enkätstudie. Via Google Docs skapades en webbenkät som innehöll 18 frågor och enkäten skickades ut till respondenterna via Facebook och Hippson.se. Enkäten riktade sig till privathästägare med maximalt fyra hästar och frågorna besvarades anonymt. Insamling av enkätsvar pågick i 14 dagar under februari 2019. Sammanlagt samlades det in 3274 svar, vilket omfattar ca 6800 hästar.
Majoriteten (55%) av hästägarna använde hösilage som grovfoder. Resterande fodrade med hö eller en kombination av hö och hösilage. En liten andel fodrade med ensilage (se figur 1). Hösilage var det mest använda grovfodret om respondenterna hade sin häst/hästar uppstallade i landsbygd, landsbygd i nära anknytning till tätort och tätort (p=0,04) (se figur 2). Hö användes mest på landsbygd jämfört med landsbygd i nära anknytning till tätort och tätort (p=0,04). Ensilage användes i lägst omfattning oavsett var stallet var placerat och endast på landsbygd och i landsbygd i nära anslutning till tätort.
Det genomsnittliga torrsubstansvärdet var 76% och standardavvikelsen var 11. Största delen av respondenterna hade ett grovfoder med ts-värde mellan 71-80%, resterande hade ett ts-värde mellan 81-90% och mellan 61-70%. En liten del hade värde mellan 91-100% ts och minsta andelen hade värde mellan 50-60% ts (se figur 3).
Studiens frågeställningar och slutsatser:
Hur påverkar grovfodret hästens hälsa och beteende?
Förekomsten av kolik var signifikant lägre hos hästarna som utfodrades med grovfoder fler än sex gånger per dag jämfört med hästarna som utfodrades med grovfoder vid färre tillfällen.
Vilka faktorer påverkar hästägarens val av grovfoder?
De viktigaste faktorerna hos respondenterna var den hygieniska kvalitén, grovfodrets näringsinnehåll och tillgänglighet. Samtidigt hade en andel hästägare inte möjlighet att välja vilket grovfoder de skulle utfodra med.
Hur ser en genomsnittlig daglig grovfodergiva ut?
Studiens resultat visade att majoriteten av de hästägare som deltagit i enkätstudien utfodrade med mer grovfoder än SLU:s rekommenderade minimum nivå (1 kg ts/100 kg kroppsvikt) och resterande hästägare utfodrade sina hästar med 1 kg ts/100 kg kroppsvikt. Inga av respondenterna utfodrade sina hästar med en lägre giva än SLU:s rekommenderade minimum nivå
Fatty acid composition in salmonid eggs : a comparative study of Atlantic salmon and brown trout
Get PDFAtlantic salmon (AS) and brown trout (BT) are part of the salmonid family and are some of the most popular fish species in Western culture. Due to their popularity, there is incentive to understand the varying factors which ensures species survival. This paper aims to investigate the varying roles and relationships of the salmonid eggs fatty acids (FA). Its purpose is to investigate and compare the fatty acid (FA) composition of fertilized eggs from AS and BT spawning in the Dala river and relate the results to egg quality, as well as compare the results to findings in a study from 1998. Specific emphasis is on the important FA arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as these FA are linked to healthy embryonic development.
The FA composition of the two species were quite similar and mainly differed in the specific FA distribution between the triacylglycerol and phospholipid fractions of the egg total lipids, as well as specific FA ratios. When compared with Pickova (1998), the main difference is found in the n-3/n-6 ratio. No significant differences were found in DHA or AA in between the two species, indicating the general importance of these two FA. EPA was registered in a higher amount in AS, possibly implying a higher presence of dietary EPA and thus reflecting the varying feeding habitats between species. Results indicate that sampled eggs are anadromous and of wild origin. To deepen the understanding of the health condition of the species, future studies should include other molecular- and environmental factors
Kunskapsspridning längs en vandringsled i Skinnskattebergs kommun – enkätstudie och kunskapsanalys om svenskt skogsbruk
Get PDFDen svenska skogen har en potential att bidra med lösningar för framtiden. För att möta framtida behov har regeringen beslutat om ett nationellt skogsprogram med fem fokusområden. Ett kunskapskliv för hållbart brukande och bevarande av skogen är ett fokusområde där målet är att utveckla och bredda kunskapen kring skogen och trakthyggesbruket i svenskt skogsbruk. Men hur kunskapsnivå hos allmänheten om skog och det svenska trakthyggesbruket ser ut idag finns det begränsad vetskap om, speciellt bland invånare i områden där omfattande skogsbruk bedrivs.
Syftet med kandidatarbetet var att undersöka vilken kunskapsnivå invånare med koppling till Skinnskattebergs kommun har gällande svenskt skogsbruk. Ett delsyfte var att skapa och sprida information längs en vandringsled i Skinnskattebergs kommun om natur, svenskt skogsbruk och trakthyggesbrukets olika skogsbruksåtgärder.
En enkät skapades med en större mängd frågor med främst förutbestämda svarsalternativ. Frågorna delades in i tre områden, bakgrundsfrågor, kunskapsfrågor och vidare intresse. Litteraturstudie genomfördes om svenskt skogsbruk, litteraturen sammanställdes och simplifierades. Förslag på skyltmaterial skapades. Informationsplatser identifierades där skyltmaterialet ämnas distribueras.
Resultatet visade att av de 261 svarande på enkäten fick dessa ett medel på 75 procent antal rätt på kunskapsfrågorna. Hos respondenterna kunde det ses en svag trend med stigande kunskap med en ökad ålder, dock var denna trend inte signifikant mellan de olika åldersgrupperna. Majoriteten av respondenterna angav att de vistas i skogen på fritiden, endast sju av de 261 respondenterna angav att de inte vistas i skogen på fritiden.
I studien identifierade vi en potential att informera ytterligare kring skog och trakthyggesbruk i svenskt skogsbruk. Målet blev att skapa ett underlag till skyltar om skog och olika åtgärder i trakthyggesbruket. Hur skog och skogsbruk uppfattas av personer kan variera från region till region och därför ser vi ett behov av ytterligare undersökningar.The Swedish forest has the potential to contribute with many solutions to future problems. To meet the future demands, the Swedish government has decided on a national forest program with five focus areas. One of these focus areas, Increased knowledge for sustainable use and conservation of the forest, has the goal to develop and broaden knowledge about the forest and clearcutting in Swedish forestry. There is limited understanding about what level of knowledge there is in the general public about forests and clearcutting in Swedish forestry. This is especially true regarding residents in areas where extensive forestry is conducted.
The objective of this study was to investigate what level of knowledge the residents in Skinnskatteberg municipality have regarding Swedish forestry. A secondary objective was to create and disperse information along a hiking trail in Skinnskatteberg municipality about nature, the Swedish clearcutting system and the different silvicultural measures.
A survey was created with eleven mainly multiple-choice questions. The questions were split in to three categories, background questions, knowledge questions and further interest. A literature study was conducted on Swedish forestry. The material was compiled and analyzed. The data was used to help formulate signs along a hiking trail. Information places were identified where the sign material is intended to be located.
The results showed that of the 261 respondents to the survey, respondents answered on average 75 percent correctly among the knowledge questions. Among the respondents, a weak trend could be seen of increasing knowledge with increasing age. However, this trend was not significant between the different age groups in the survey. A majority of the respondents stated that they recreate in forests during their leisure time. Only seven of the 261 respondents stated that they do not recreate in the forest in their free time.
Using the results from the survey, we identified a potential for further information about forests and the clearcutting system in Swedish forestry. The goal became to create baseline knowledge for the signs about forests and the Swedish clearcutting system and the different silvicultural measures that commonly occur. Because forests and forestry are viewed differently by people in different regions of Sweden (eg. urban vs rural Sweden,), we conclude that there is a need for similar research elsewhere in Sweden as well