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Urialernas hemliga nattliv
A large number of wild species on our globe are currently endangered or on the verge of extinction, illegal hunting of animals and changes in their environment are major contributors. There are currently 134 425 species in danger of extinction and 37 480 species on the verge of extinction. As a result, it is vital that we gain a greater understanding of these animals and their behavior in order to aid their survival. Many projects are conducted to prevent extinction by increasing the number of animals through ex situ conservation. Nordens Ark in Sweden is one of these places, where urials (Ovis vignei bochariensis) are kept for study and preservation. There are just four other parks in Europe that keep urials besides Nordens Ark. These other parks, on the other hand, have had difficulty with reproduction. So, with their collaboration with Nordens Ark, it has been possible for us to study urials up close in all different ages. This is also the only option to research these animals, since the nations where they normally live in the wild are in conflict. Observations in the wild are thus impossible.
A behavioral study was conducted on the group of urials on Nordens Ark in this study. Rams, ewes, and lambs made up the herd. They were filmed with game cameras for three months after the lambs were born, from May to July. Five cameras were placed around the enclosure, each recording for 30 seconds. The urials were filmed throughout the day, however this research focused on their nighttime behaviors. The findings revealed that the ewes' maternal behaviors declined over time, and that some play behaviors, such as butt against one another, began to emerge toward the end of the observation period. Although the urials were able to engage in many of their usual behaviors, their enclosure may still be improved in certain ways. As these are very sensitive prey animals, the successful reproduction in this group may be viewed as an indicator of good welfare
Where should we hang out? : a study of teenagers in landscape architecture
Alla som når vuxen ålder gör det genom att passera tonåren - en
tid som för många präglas av frigörelse och förvirring. I denna fas
av livet har staden en viktig betydelse för vår utveckling, då den
offentliga miljön ger utrymme att både iakkta och delta i samhället.
Trots detta så visar forskningen att tonåringar inte alltid
känner sig välkomna i den offentliga miljön. Detta arbete visar
att tonåringar har behov av en offentlig miljö som erbjuder både
platser där i kan samlas i gäng och vara sociala, men också gröna
platser där de kan dra sig tillbaka och reflektera.
Denna uppsats undersöker tonåringars användning av staden -
delvis genom en litteraturstudie, och delvis genom observationer.
Resultaten av dessa delar mynnar ut i en gestaltning av en
plats i Malmö.Everyone who reaches adulthood does so by passing adolescence
- a time that for many is marked by liberation and confusion.
In this phase of life, the city has an important significance
for our development, as the public environment provides space
to both observe and participate in society. Despite this, research
shows that teenagers do not always feel welcome in public spaces.
This work shows that teenagers need a public space that offers
both places where you can gather in groups and be social,
but also green places where they can retreat and reflect.
This essay examines teenagers’ use of the city - partly through a
literature study, and partly through observations. The results of
these parts are then translated in a design of a place in Malmö
Planning for the residential yard : about the role of planning in creating social values for the residential yard
I denna uppsats behandlas bostadsgården utifrån ett planeringsperspektiv. En
utgångspunkt för uppsatsen är att bostadsgården har en roll att spela som en
del i en socialt hållbar stad. Uppsatsen ämnar besvara hur planeringsskedet
kan stödja de sociala värdena på bostadsgården, samt hur olika planeringsideal, både förr och nu påverkat och påverkar bostadsgårdens sociala värden.
Uppsatsen har formats genom tre olika metoder. Litteraturstudierna har varit
en bärande del av uppsatsens första halva och behandlar de sociala perspektiven på bostadsgården utifrån olika teman som sätter bostadsgården i relation
till social hållbarhet. Stadens privata och offentliga rum, spektret däremellan,
samt brukarperspektivet på bostadgården avhandlas. Avslutningsvis tar litteraturstudierna fasta på de konkreta värden som planeringen kan stödja. Dessa
värden är rymlighet, tillhörighet och kvalitet. Utifrån denna senare del av
litteraturstudien har en värderos utformats som används som analysverktyg
genom uppsatsen.
Den andra metoden som format uppsatsen är en cykeltur genom bostadsgårdens historia. Den genomfördes i uppsatsens tidiga skede för få nya perspektiv
på bostadsgårdar i olika typer av bebyggelse med syftet att väcka frågor snarare än att söka svar. Fem bostadsgårdar från cykelturen valdes ut för att representera olika historiska bebyggelsetyper i kapitlet som behandlar bostadsgårdens historia. Denna genomgång visar att bostadsgården värde, funktion eller
form inte är statisk utan är en konsekvens av olika normer och planeringsideal.
Den tredje metoden som använts är fallstudier. Två fall har valts ut för att
undersöka hur bostadsgården hanteras i planeringen idag: Vallastaden i Linköping och Hyllie i Malmö. Resultaten från fallstudierna visar att planeringen
förskjuter säkerställandet av de sociala värdena till senare skeden genom att
fokusera på kvalitet i stället för rymlighet. Detta är problematiskt då kvalitet
på många sätt är svårt att garantera i det långa loppet och då kvalitetsmått
innebär att de omätbara kvaliteterna riskerar att falla bort. I båda fallen finns
det också i planeringen en ambition att publikisera bostadsgården genom publika funktioner eller brist på gränssnitt. De två fallen skiljer sig också åt på
flera punkter, till exempel har Vallastaden en tydligare strategi kring bostadsgårdens tillhörighet. Undersökningen visar också att mångfaldsidealet har en
stor påverkan på bostadsgårdens rymlighet och gränser.In this essay, the residential yard is treated from a planning perspective. A
starting point for the essay is that the residential yard has a role to play in
reaching a social sustainable city. The essay aims to answer how the planning
stage can support the social values of the residential yard, as well as how different planning ideals, both in the past and present, have influenced and influence the social values of the residential yard.
The essay has been formed through three different methods. The literature
studies have been a key part of the essay’s first half and deal with the social
perspectives of the residential yard based on various themes that put the residential yard in relation to social sustainability. The city’s private and public
spaces, the spectrum in between, and the user perspective on the residential
yard are then discussed. In conclusion, the literature studies also focus on the
concrete values that the planning can support. These values are spaciousness,
belonging and quality. Based on this latter part of the literature study, a value
circle has been designed which is used as an analysis tool throughout the essay.
The second method that has shaped the essay is a bicycle tour through the history of residential yards, which was carried out in the early stages of the essay
to gain new perspectives on the residential yard in different types of building
patterns with the aim of raising questions rather than seeking answers. Five
residential yards, visited during the bicycle tour, were selected to represent
different typologies in the chapter dealing with the residential yard through
history. The review shows that the values, function or form of the residential
yard is not static but is a consequence of different norms and planning ideals.
The third method used is case studies. Two cases have been selected to examine how the residential yard is managed in planning today: Vallastaden in
Linköping and Hyllie in Malmö. The results from the case studies show that the
planning displace the securing of the social values to later stages by focusing
on quality instead of spaciousness. This is problematic since quality can be
difficult to guarantee in the long run and since quality measures mean that the
immeasurable qualities are risked being forgotten. In both cases, there are also
in the planning, an ambition to publicize the residential yard through public
functions or a lack of interfaces. The two cases also differ on several points,
for example Vallastaden has a clearer strategy regarding the residential yard´s
belonging. The survey also shows that the ideal of diversity has a major impact
on the spaciousness and boundaries of the residential yard
Masculinity and bodaboda driving in Tanzania : a study of rural young men engaging in motorcycle taxi in Kilosa and Mvomero districts
In ensuring that people fight poverty they have been advised to adopt a variety of ways and strategies for boosting their economy to sustain their daily lives. In rural areas the main reliance has been agriculture for all people but due to the challenges facing agriculture, people had to look at other activities apart from agriculture in order to survive. The significant increase in motorcycle taxis has created a new chapter in life especially for rural and urban youth by being seen as an attractive option to rural young men. Studies have shown that there are limitations to finding individual perspectives on the reasons why rural people are considering that agriculture is unsuitable for them by looking at the overall challenges facing agriculture. This study has focused on gender perceptions of bodaboda activity against agriculture in rural areas of Tanzania where the targeted group was young men. By selecting two districts, namely Kilosa and Mvomero it was sufficient to complete this study due to the presence of many young people engaged in bodaboda and agriculture in different ways. The hegemonic masculinity theory has been used effectively to guide this study by analysing the social norms and socioeconomic dimensions to complete the findings in this study. The study involved the collection of empirical data from 4 focus group interviews, 11 one-to-one interviews and observation to get individual perspectives and to find out what made young men so fascinated with bodaboda driving activity. The results showed that many young men are attracted to this occupation due to its ability to provide them with daily income as part of a man's dignity in society, to show to the community that they have found a job that is understandable and visible to the public and adds prominence in society and more to make them less dependent on their parents as well as reducing the number of rural young men migrating to cities to find paying jobs and other opportunities. This thesis report concludes by suggesting that if drudgery could be addressed, creating more opportunities in rural areas, income streams become more diversified and less seasonal somehow this could re-attract youth into agriculture again as well as retaining rural young men in the villages whereby the out-migration will be reduced
Acute renal disease in cats : monitoring and nursing when hospitalized
Akut njurskada är ett relativt vanligt sjukdomstillstånd för katter och innebär att njurens funktion
plötsligt försämras. Tillståndet kan uppstå av flera olika orsaker exempelvis toxiner, läkemedel och
sepsis. Prognosen för katter med akut njurskada ser olika ut beroende på den primära orsaken till
skadan. Äldre individer har sämre prognos än yngre då de ofta har underliggande sjukdomar sedan
innan.
Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats inom ämnet djuromvårdnad var att undersöka vilka omvårdnadsoch monitoreringsåtgärder som utförs på katter med akut njurskada på svenska djursjukhus och
jämföra med vad litteraturen förespråkar. En litteraturstudie genomfördes där vetenskapliga artiklar
samt facklitteratur söktes fram inom ämnet. Även en kompletterande intervjustudie genomfördes
med två erfarna djursjukskötare samt en erfaren djurvårdare på nivå 3 som var verksamma på tre
svenska djursjukhus.
Enligt resultatet från både litteraturstudien och intervjustudien framkom att de viktigaste
parametrarna att monitorera var vätsketerapi, urin, intag och förlust av vätska och att ta uppföljande
blodprover för att kontrollera njurarnas funktion. I intervjustudien framkom bland annat att ingen
av informanterna upplevde att dessa patienter kräver någon specifik omvårdnad jämfört med andra
inneliggande patienter. Enligt informanterna är alla katter med akut njurskada i behov av generella
omvårdnadsåtgärder så som hygien, smärtlindring, vätsketerapi, skötsel av urinkateter och
venkatetrar samt att det är viktigt att se till så patienterna har det bekvämt och bra i sin bur.
Konklusionen av denna studie är att det finns förhållandevis lite vetenskapligt belägg för hur
omvårdnad och monitorering av katter med akut njurskada optimalt ska utföras. Detta resulterar i
att vården av djuren kan komma att se olika ut beroende på vilket djursjukhus de blir inskrivna på.
Eftersom det inte finns riktlinjer efter vad som är optimalt för just akut njurskada hos katt kan
djursjukhus utforma rutiner efter vad de själva anser passar bäst, utifrån djurens behov och
djursjukhusets resurser.
Nyckelord: Akut njurskada, djursjukskötare, intensivvårdsavdelningen, katt, monitorering,
omvårdnad, vårdavdelningen.Acute kidney damage is a relatively common condition for cats and implies that the kidney function
suddenly deteriorates. The condition can derive from several different causes such as toxins,
pharmaceuticals and sepsis. The prognosis for these cats differs depending on the primary cause of
the injury. Older individuals, have a worse prognosis than younger ones as they often have
underlying diseases.
The purpose of this bachelor´s thesis in the subject of animal care was to investigate which nursing
and monitoring measures are performed for cats with acute kidney injury in Swedish animal
hospitals and to compare that with what the literature advocates. A literature study was conducted
where scientific articles and non-fiction were searched for within the subject. A supplementary
interview study was also conducted with two experienced veterinary nurses and an experienced
animal caretaker at level 3 from three Swedish animal hospitals.
According to the results from both the literature and the interview study showed that the most
important aspect when monitoring kidney function is to monitor fluid therapy, urine, intake and loss
of fluid and regularly taking blood samples. The interview study revealed, among other things, that
none of the informants felt that these patients required any specific care compared with other
hospitalized patients. According to the informants, all cats with acute kidney injury need general
nursing such as hygiene, pain relief, fluid therapy, care of urinary catheters and venous catheters
and that it is important to ensure that the patient is comfortable and well in his cage.
In conclusion this study has shown there to be relatively little scientific evidence for how optimal
care and monitoring of cats with acute kidney injury should be performed. This participates in the
fact that the care of the animals may look different depending on which animal hospital they are
admitted to. Since there are no guidelines for what is optimal for acute kidney injury in cats, animal
hospitals can design routines according to what they consider to be most suitable, based on the
animals’ needs and the animal hospital’s resources.
Keywords: Acute kidney injury, animal nursing, care unit, cat, intensive care unit, monitoring,
veterinary nurse
Using the AudioMoth - a novel passive acoustic monitoring technology - to monitor bat diversity in a rewilded landscape
Ecosystem restoration through the reintroduction of grazers is gaining interest across Europe. Large herbivores are associated with landscape heterogeneity, restoration of trophic cascades and biodiversity. Projects implementing this form of trophic rewilding benefit from adequate monitoring techniques to assess the progress of ecosystem restoration. Bats have been put forward as suitable bioindicators, providing generalizable insight into responses of a multitude of taxonomic orders further down the food chain. At the same time, novel acoustic methods such as the AudioMoth allow for upscaling studies concerning the behavior of sound producing animals, which may be used to monitor progress of rewilding projects. In this study, I explored the relative detection probabilities of the AudioMoth in cluttered, edge and open habitat types, where clutter refers to areas with more trees and understory vegetation. Clutter reduced detection probability with the AudioMoth with sounds played over a speaker at 10kHz and at three ascending volumes. The AudioMoths were also used to assess the impact of three habitat types (forest, forest edge and open grassland) on the presence of functionally different bat genera, by placing the devices in each habitat to record bats for 3-4 days over the course of three months. The forest-adapted genus Plecotus was not more likely to be detected in any of the habitats. I did find evidence that the edge-adapted genus Myotis was more likely to be detected in open compared to forest habitat, and open-adapted genera Nyctalus and Seronitus were more likely to be detected in forest edges and open grasslands compared to forest habitats. Lastly, I compared bat genus richness between a rewilded area and its non-rewilded nature surroundings in Dutch national landscape ‘Het Groene Woud’. There was no effect of rewilding on genus richness. Further efforts to monitor rewilding projects should consider the methods used in this study, as AudioMoth provides a low-cost and energy-efficient option, and bats an indication of wider taxonomic patterns. My data and findings may be used as a baseline study for bat and rewilding research in the local context of Het Groene Woud
Evaluating a Carbon Tax : France as a Case Study - CO2 Emissions from Cars
This quasi-experimental study is the first to evaluate the French experience of
adding a carbon tax directly onto existing taxes on fossil fuel consumption by
performing an econometric case study. Furthermore, the introduction of the French
carbon tax resulted in the so called “yellow vests protests”, the protests acted as a
catalyst, and further stressed the need to evaluate environmental taxes, not only in
relation to combating global warming but also regarding the procedures of
providing information to the public. Correctly estimating the effects of the French
tax can then provide the crucial information needed. This thesis finds a significant
effect of carbon taxes on emissions, analysing the implementation of a carbon
component on transport fuel in France. After the policy intervention, carbon dioxide
emissions from cars declined 6.3 per cent every year between 2016-2019, relative
to a synthetic control unit constructed from a grouping of similar EU countries
Productive green space in the periphery : a study in introducing multi-use in municipal green spaces on the city border
I mötet mellan staden och jordbruket finns möjlighet att skapa en god levnadsmiljö med närhet till service och natur. Men i stadens periferi kan det
även uppstå väldigt hårda gränser där underutnyttjade gräsytor möter ett otillgängligt, exkluderande odlingslandskap och där jordbrukets hantverksmässiga
skötselmetoder känns avlägsna. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att bidra till
ett ökat mångbruk av de kommunala grönytorna i Sverige. Uppsatsens mål är
att skapa en plan för införande och upprätthållande av multifunktionella ytor
på en plats med fokus på långsiktighet och anpassningsbarhet. Detta uppnås
genom att undersöka fyra platser; Brunnshög och Klostergården/Sankt Lars
i Lunds kommun, Hovshaga och Bäckaslöv/Bokhultet i Växjö kommun.
Brunnshög och Bäckaslöv/Bokhultet är under uppbyggnad medan Klostergården/Sankt Lars och Hovshaga är väl etablerade bostadsområden. Därefter
följer en kartläggning av platsspecifik potential för mångbruk av alla platser.
Slutligen presenterat ett mer detaljerat exempel på dynamisk planering för
mångbruk i Klostergården/Sankt Lars.
Slutsatser som kan dras utifrån denna uppsats är att olika jordbrukslandskap
vid stadens ytterkant ger olika krav på gestaltningen av grönytorna innanför
stadsgränsen. Gränser mot skogsbruk i stadens ytterkant kan med enkla medel
mjukas upp med hjälp av trädplanteringar som får bilda en gradient mellan bostäder och skog. De områden som istället omges av åkerlandskap kräver mer
komplexa lösningar för att skapa en motsvarande mjuk övergång. Här blir det
relevant att möta upp gränsen med andra jordbruksmetoder för att skapa en
gradient i skala, från stadsodling till åker. Dessa områden kräver planering med
stor hänsyn till sociala, ekonomiska och fysiska förändringar över tid för att
upprätthålla multifunktionalitet långsiktigt.There is potential for creating a good living environment in the juncture between city and countryside, but there may also emerge hard borders
between underused lawns and inaccessible, large scale fields where the artisanal agricultural methods feel distant. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to an increase multifunctionality of public green space in Sweden. This
essay’s goal is to create a plan for introducing and upkeeping multifunctional
green spaces on one site with regard to long-term sustainability and adaptability. The goal is achieved by examining four places; Brunnshög and Klostergården/Sankt Lars in the municipality of Lund, Hovshaga and Bäckaslöv/
Bokhultet in the municipality of Växjö. A mapping of each place site specific
potential for multifunctionality is carried out. Lastly, a more detailed example
of dynamic planning for multifunctionality is carried out for the site Klostergården/Sankt Lars.
Conclusions that can be drawn from this essay is that different land usage at
the city border entails different levels of design of the urban green spaces.
The border towards a forest landscape can quite easily be softened by using
tree plantings that serve to create a gradient between residential areas and
the forest. The areas that are surrounded by farmland require more complex
solutions to create an equally soft transition. In these areas it becomes relevant
to implement other agricultural practices to create a gradient in scale, from
urban allotments to large scale farmland.These areas require planning with
great regard for social, economical and physical changes over time to ensure
multifunctionality in the long term
Filmstudies in an urban transformation process : exemplified through Lokstallarna
Utifrån intresset för reflektion kring de verktyg och metoder vi landskapsarkitekter använder oss av då vi utforskar och representerar landskap undersöker detta arbete vad filmmediet, testat genom ett antal filmstudier, kan tillföra till Lokstallarnas pågående transformationsprocess.
Med målet att undersöka vilka tankar och frågor som filmmediet väcker kring Lokstallarna vid site-studier i fält syftar arbetet till att bidra med ett inlägg i diskussionen kring landskapsarkitektens repertoar av representationsmetoder. Svar på arbetets frågeställningar söks genom en litteraturstudie som motiverar och inspirerar till användandet av film samt en fallstudie där olika tillvägagångssätt sedan prövas. Genom filmande i fält och efterföljande redigeringsarbete i studio reflekterar arbetet över filmens möjligheter och tankar kring Lokstallarnas fortsatta transformation formuleras.
Resultatet av studien diskuterar på vilket sätt filmstudier kan fördjupa beskrivningen av Lokstallarna, vilken roll mediet kan spela i långa transformationsprocesser och framförallt då det används i ett tidigt designskede. Arbetet kan läsas som ett exempel på att skissa i film med möjligheten att fördjupa presenterade resonemang kring Lokstallarnas omvandling i kombination med andra former för representation.Based on the interest in reflection on the tools and methods we landscape architects use when we explore and represent landscapes, this thesis investigates what the film medium, tested through a number of film studies, can add to Lokstallarna’s ongoing transformation process.
With the aim of investigating what thoughts and questions the film medium raises about the site during site studies, the thesis aims to contribute to the discussion about the landscape architect’s repertoire of representational methods. Answers are sought through a literature study that motivates and inspires the use of film and a case study where different approaches are tested. Through filming on site and subsequent editing work in the studio, the thesis reflects on the film’s possibilities and formulates thoughts about the continued transformation of Lokstallarna.
The results discuss in what ways film studies can deepen the description of Lokstallarna, what role the medium can play in long transformation processes and especially when it is used in an early design stage. The thesis can be read as an example of sketching in film with the opportunity to deepen the presented thoughts regarding the transformation of Lokstallarna in combination with other forms of representation
Implementing the EU Taxonomy Regulation for Swedish forest owners - EU reporting requirements for sustainable measures
Växthusgaser i atmosfären har ökat stadigt sedan 1800-talet och mängden koldioxid är den växthusgas som har ökat mest. Höga halter av växthusgaser har en negativ inverkan på jorden och dess klimat. Medeltemperaturen för jorden har även den ökat i takt med ökningen av växthusgaser vilket får förödande konsekvenser för bland annat jordens klimat. Det enda sättet att bromsa den destruktiva trenden är att minska utsläppet av växthusgaser.
En i raden av många olika incitament och regleringar från politiskt håll för att bidra till begränsningen av klimatförändringarna är Europaparlamentet och rådets förordning 2020/852, även kallad Taxonomin. I januari 2020 klubbades en del av Taxonomin igenom. Taxonomin syftar till att stimulera och styra ekonomiska investeringar till hållbara verksamheter. En av de branscher som behandlas under Taxonomin är skogsbruket. I en bilaga till Taxonomin finns tekniska granskningskriterier som måste uppfyllas för att en fastighet vars produktiva areal överstiger 13 ha ska få klassas som hållbar.
I detta arbete har de tekniska granskningskriterierna analyserats och tolkats hur de kommer att påverka de svenska markägarna ifall de vill uppfylla alla kriterier för att få klassas som hållbar. Till att börja med utgår kriterierna från att skogsägaren har en skogsbruksplan över sin fastighet. Utöver alla delar som ingår i en vanlig skogsbruksplan tillkommer flertalet kriterier som måste uppfyllas, exempelvis krävs en riskanalys. Utöver kraven kring skogsbruksplanen ska en klimatnyttoanalys utföras. För att bli klassad som hållbar måste skogsägaren kunna påvisa att denne bedriver ett skogsbruk där fastighetens totala kolmängd inte understiger klimatnyttonalaysens referenscenario.
Hur Taxonomin kommer att påverka de svenska markägarna beror på ett flertal aspekter, exempelvis hur mycket en skogsägare tillåts att avverka beror till stor del på vilket referensscenario som väljs i klimatnyttoanalysen. Ekonomisk påverkan kommer främst att bero på hur banker ställer sig till lån och räntor till skogsägare som väljer att följa Taxonomins krav eller inte. För att Taxonomin ska vara tydlig och lättförstådd för skogsägare krävs ett förtydligande från EU, främst kring referensscenariot. Författaren har med denna rapport presenterat vad som krävs för att uppfylla de kriterier Taxonomin ställer samt presenterat ett förslag på hur en klimatnyttoanalys kan redovisas med hjälp av beslutsstödsystemet Heureka PlanVis.Greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere has increased firmly since the 19th century thus the amount of carbon dioxide has increased the most. High emissions of greenhouse gasses truly have a negative impact on earth and on our climate. Rising average temperatures leads to devastating consequences on ecosystem, only stoppable by decreased emissions of greenhouse gasses.
One of many different incentives and regulations from the politics limitation of climate change is the European parliament and the council’s regulation 2020/852, also known as the Taxonomy. In January 2020, part of the Taxonomy was established, aiming to stimulate and direct economic investments to sustainable activities. One line of industries that serves under the Taxonomy is the forest industry. In an annex to the Taxonomy there is technical screening criteria to be fulfilled if a forest estate larger than 13-hectare productive land is going to be ruled as sustainable.
This study analyses technical screening criteria and interpretations of the Taxonomy annex, and at what stage the Taxonomy affect Swedish landowners if they want to fulfil all the criteria to be ruled as sustainable. At first, landowners need a forest management plan. Beyond all parts usually included in a forest management plan, several criteria must be fulfilled, for example a risk analyse is needed. Beyond the demands regarding the forest management plan a climate benefit analysis needs to be performed. If a landowner wants to be ruled as sustainable, the climate benefit analysis needs to show that total amount of carbon on the estate could not fall short of a reference scenario.
How the Taxonomy will affect Swedish landowners depends on several aspects. One example is, how much a landowner is allowed to harvest depends on which reference scenario is chosen in the climate benefit analysis. Economic effects will mostly depend on how the banks decide to deal with loans and interests to landowners who chose to fulfil the demands of Taxonomy or not. If the Taxonomy is going to be clear and easily understood by landowners, a clarification is needed from EU, mostly regarding reference scenario. The author of this report presents what is needed to fulfil the criteria in the Taxonomy, presenting suggestions on how a climate benefit analysis can be presented with help from the program Heureka PlanVis