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Quality of Spent Mushroom Compost Amended with Organic Material- Effect on Nutrient Content and Plant Growth
Get PDFPeat, as a non-renewable growing media, poses environmental concerns due to extraction and decomposition processes, leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions. Alternatives growing media with potential to replace or reduce the use of peat are of great need. The current thesis aims to assess the quality and potential of the composted material generated from industrial waste streams as a peat substitute and evaluate its impact on plant growth and the physical, chemical, and microbial properties of the substrate. Three different compost proportions were prepared using apple wastes, spent mushroom compost (SMC), and wood chips. These compost mixtures were combined with peat in three different treatments (A, B, C), with treatment D serving as the control (100% peat). Treatment A consisted of 70% peat and 30% compost mixture consists of 40% apple wastes, 20% SMC, and 40% wood chips. Treatment B consisted of 70% peat and 30% compost mixture consists of 25% apple wastes, 50% SMC, and 25% wood chips. Treatment C consisted of 70% peat and 30% compost mixture consists of 33% apple wastes, 33% SMC, and 33% wood chips). The compost mixtures were evaluated in pot experiment under controlled conditions in a greenhouse chamber using basil plants (Ocimum basilicum) as a model crop. The physical parameters, including bulk density (BD), compact density (CD), water holding capacity (WHC), and porosity, were measured. Chemical parameters including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and nutrient contents were also analyzed. Microbial analysis was performed to determine the bacterial and fungal flora present in the compost before and after plant cultivation´. Physical and chemical parameters were also evaluated before and after plant cultivation. Biomass measurements were taken after five weeks of growth. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess significant differences among the treatments. Initial assessment of the composts prior to plant cultivation revealed alkaline pH values and low electrical conductivity (EC), which are unfavourable for plant growth. Addition of compost to the peat effectively lowered the pH values and improved the EC, bringing them closer to optimal ranges for plant growth. The addition of compost reduced also bulk density and increased soil porosity. Microbial assessments showed abundant microorganisms in the compost materials, with an increased abundance of bacterial and fungal flora observed in compost-amended substrates. The addition of compost, particularly treatment C, enhanced the abundance of bacterial flora. Treatments A and B incorporating compost exhibited better plant growth parameters, including fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots. Overall, the findings support the use of compost amendments in peat-based substrates to create a favourable environment for plant growth, improve nutrient availability, and enhance soil microbial communities
The effect of exenatide on the insulin response in horses
Get PDFInsulindysreglering (ID) är en central del av ekvint metabolt syndrom (EMS), en samling risk-faktorer som predisponerar för utveckling av fång hos häst. Fång är ett vanligt och mycket smärtsamt tillstånd, men går att förebygga hos hästar med EMS genom olika profylaktiska åtgärder. Behand-lingsstrategin inkluderar anpassad utfodring, hovvård och motion, men farmakologisk behandling kan utgöra ett komplement om dessa åtgärder är otillräckliga. I dagsläget finns inga läkemedel registrerade med indikation för behandling av EMS hos häst. Därför finns ett behov av forskning inom detta område. Syftet med den aktuella studien var att undersöka behandlingseffekten av exenatid på det postprandiella insulinsvaret efter ett oralt sockertest (OST) och på β-cellresponsen under en Graded Glucose Infusion (GGI).
Fyra hästar av olika raser, varav tre insulindysreglerade, ingick i studien. Studiedesignen inklude-rade överkorsning mellan interventionsgrupp och kontrollgrupp. Hästarna genomgick först ett OST (0,2 ml/kg Dansukker glykossirap) 30 minuter efter administration av exenatid eller placebo. Testet pågick under totalt 3 timmar. Blodprov togs 5 minuter före samt 15 och 30 minuter efter administra-tion av glukossirap. Därefter togs blodprov var trettionde minut. Hästarna genomgick två dagar senare en GGI (stegvis ökande glukosinfusion var 40:e minut) 30 minuter efter administration av exenatid eller placebo. Blodprov togs 5 minuter före testets början, därefter var 10:e minut under de 4 timmar testet pågick. Efter 11 dagars washout upprepades de båda provokationstesterna. De hästar som mottog aktiv substans under period 1 erhöll placebo under period 2, och vice versa.
I studien sågs varierande resultat mellan de olika hästarna. En häst visade ett tydligt ökat postpran-diellt insulinsvar samt en ökad β-cellrespons efter behandling med exenatid, vilket talar för att läkemedlet kan vara kontraindicerat för behandling av EMS hos häst. Eftersom det aktuella läkemedlet är relativt ostuderat i detta avseende behövs fler studier för att utvärdera vilken effekt det har hos häst.Insulin dysregulation (ID) is a central part of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), a collection of risk factors predisposing horses for development of laminitis. Laminitis is a common and very painful condition. The treatment strategy includes adjusted feeding, hoof care and exercise, but if these measures are inadequate, they could be complemented by pharmacological treatment. There are currently no registered drugs for treatment of EMS in horses, hence there is a need for research in this area. The purpose with the present study was to investigate the treatment effect of exenatide on the postprandial insulin response after an oral sugar test (OST) and on the β-cell response during a Graded Glucose Infusion (GGI).
Four horses of different breeds, of which three were insulin dysregulated, were included in the study. The study was a randomized double-blind, two-period crossover study between the intervention group and the control group. Initially the horses underwent an OST (0.2 ml/kg Dansukker glucose syrup) 30 minutes after administration of exenatide or placebo. The total duration of the test was 3 hours. Blood samples were collected 5 minutes prior to as well as 15 and 30 minutes after administration of glucose syrup, after which blood samples were collected every 30 minutes. Two days later the horses underwent a GGI (gradually increasing glucose infusion every 40 minutes) 30 minutes after administration of exenatide or placebo. Blood samples were collected 5 minutes prior to the beginning of the test and then every 10 minutes during a total test time of 4 hours. After 11 days of washout the two tests were repeated. The horses that received the active substance during the first period received placebo during the second period, and vice versa.
Varied results were observed between the different horses in the study. One horse had a pronounced increase in postprandial insulin response as well as an increase in β-cell response after treatment with exenatide, which indicates that the drug may be contraindicated for treatment of EMS in horses. Further studies are required to evaluate the effect of the drug in horses
På vilket sätt kan ett biofilistiskt perspektiv bidra till människors hälsa, välbefinnande och känsla av sammanhang i en semi-offentlig miljö? : In what way can a "biophilistic" perspective contribute to human health, well-being and sense of coherence in a semi-public setting?
Get PDFSyftet med arbetet är att undersöka på vilka sätt en biofilistisk designteori kan
användas som utgångspunkt och inspirationskälla för att skapa ett förslag till
förändring av utemiljön i ett urbant bostadsområde med syfte att öka trivseln
och känslan av samhörighet bland de boende. Stephen. R, Kellerts åtta
huvudprinciper som utgångspunkt för designteori utgör en viktig inspirationskälla,
men är allmänt beskrivna, ligger kvar på en relativt abstrakt nivå och saknar till stor
del mer konkreta tillämpningar. Detta gör att de biofilistiska principerna kan utgöra en
teoretisk utgångspunkt men är otillräckliga som konkreta redskap i arbetet. Däremot
fungerar Kellerts (årtal) sex strategier för design mycket bättre och är användbara på
ett mer konkret plan. Dessa strategier har fungerat på ett utmärkt sätt i arbetet med
att ta fram exempel på hur ett urbant bostadsområde kan utvecklas.The purpose of this work is to investigate in which ways a biophilic design theory can
be used as a starting point and source of inspiration to create a proposal for
changing the outdoor environment in a urban residential area with the aim of
increasing the well-being and sense of belonging among the residents. Kellert's eight
main principles as a starting point for design theory constitute an important source of
inspiration, but are generally described, remain on a relatively abstract level and
largely lack more concrete applications. This means that the biophilic principles can
form a theoretical starting point but are insufficient as a concrete tool in the work.
However, his six strategies for design work much better and are useful on a more
concrete level. These strategies have worked in an excellent way in the work to
produce examples of how an urban residential area can be developed
Plant-soil feedbacks in boreal tree species
Get PDFPlant-soil feedback (PSF) is important for understanding how plants influence the composition and abundance of soil biota and nutrients and how this affects plant growth. The plant economic spectrum (PES) also plays a role. This study is a two-stage experiment that aims to determine the roles of plant traits and biotic and abiotic soil properties on PSF. Soil was collected from two sites in Sweden consisting of replicated monocultures of different tree species. Soil in each plot is considered to be “trained” by the planted species. A glasshouse experiment was set up with a live and sterilization-inoculation experiment using four boreal tree species (Betula pendula, Picea abies, Pinus contorta, and Pinus sylvestris). In the live experiment, seedlings were planted on live soil from each species and in the sterilization-inoculation experiment each species was planted on combinations of sterile soil and live soil inoculum. Biomass was taken and used to calculate PSF for each species. In the live experiment, B. pendula had significantly higher biomass than the other species which follows the predictions made based off the PES. P. contorta had positive PSF, although not significantly different, and the other species had negative PSF which was unexpected as it was predicted that all species would exhibit negative PSF. In the sterilization-inoculation experiment, soil inocula did not have a significant effect on PSF but some species had a significant species-soil origin interaction. This rejected the third hypothesis as it was predicted that soil inocula would follow the same patterns as the first experiment. This research has implications for the forestry industry as it can inform better on tree species choice and more sustainable forestry practices
Microplastics in dust from riding surfaces – a pilot study
Get PDFRidsporten är en av de största ungdomsidrotterna inom Sverige. År 2018 beräknades det att cirka 5 miljoner ridtimmar genomförs på landets ridskolor årligen. På grund av Sveriges klimat spenderas mycket av denna tid inom ridhus. Det behövs därför ett underlag som är bra inom alla grenar och som är enkelt att underhålla samt säkert ut arbetsmiljöperspektiv. Fibersand som ridunderlag ger en god elasticitet och stabilitet både inomhus och utomhus. Fibersanden består av sand blandat med upp till 25 procent fiber. Tilläggsmaterialet kan ursprungligen komma från till exempel mattor från bilindustrin, fleece samt rester från geotextilindustrin och mattor som används vid vägkonstruktion. När underlagen brukas, slits plastfibrerna ned och dessa riskerar att spridas ut i naturen men även att andas in. All plast under 5 mm räknas som mikroplast. Människor kan ta upp mikroplaster via mat, dryck, inandning och genom huden. Det är okänt hur mikroplaster kan påverka människors hälsa men en studie på möss har visat att hjärtats funktion har påverkats negativt.
Denna pilotstudie undersöker hur mycket mikroplaster som kan finnas i damm från ridunderlag bestående av fibersand. Luftfilterprover har tagits på ekipage under ridlektioner på fyra olika anläggningar i Västmanland. Noteringar gjordes angående förhållanden vid provtagningen. Varje luftfiltergrupp har körts tre lektioner som totalt varierar mellan 165-225 minuter på lektionstid. Filter från grupp två (utomhus) och grupp fyra (ridhus) valdes ut för att jämföra mängden partiklar i dammet mellan utebanor och ridhus. Filtren analyserades sedan med micro Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (µFTIR) och scanning electron microscopy (SEM) för att utvärdera innehåll. Resultaten från analyserna användes för att jämföra luften vid utomhus- och inomhusbanor.
Förhållandena mellan de två grupperna var relativt lika avseende väder, storlek på banorna och ålder på underlagen. Analyserna visade att luftfiltren från inomhusbanorna innehöll fler mikroplaster, partiklar och fibrer än utomhusbanorna. Trots att underlagen var fuktigare och mängden damm i luften vid provtagningen förväntades vara mindre på inomhusbanorna var det totalt 12 mikroplastpartiklar motsvarande cirka 33 partiklar per m3. Utomhusbanorna låg under det mätbara gränsvärdet. I olika studier med mätningar av inomhusluft från bostäder rapporteras mängden mikroplaster vara från 9 ± 4 upp till 1583 ± 1181 partiklar per m3. Vid jämförelse med undersökningarna av inomhusluft var det låga mängder för inomhusbanorna. Värdena är även låga jämfört med luften i en storstad som Paris. Studien gjord i Paris visade på relativt få mängder partiklar av mikroplast, 110 ± 96 mikroplaster per m2/dygn. Dock anges värdena i m2 vilket innebär att en direkt jämförelse inte kan göras.
Pilotstudien visade att luften på inomhusbanorna innehöll fler partiklar och fibrer inklusive mikroplaster än luften på utomhusbanorna. I jämförelse med andra studier är dock värdena låga.Equestrian sport is one of the largest youth sports in Sweden. In 2018, it was estimated that about 5 million lection hours per year were spent at riding schools in Sweden. Due to the Swedish climate, much of this time is spent riding indoors. Because of the qualities of fibre sand, it offers good elasticity and stability for arenas. Fibre sand consists of sand mixed with approximately up to 25 precent fibre of different kinds of plastics. When the substrates are used, the plastic fibres are worn down and risk being spread out into the environment but also to be inhaled. All plastics smaller than 5 mm diameter are considered microplastics. People can absorb microplastics via food, drink, inhalation and through the skin. It is not known how microplastics may affect human health but a study on mice has shown that heart function has been negatively affected. Is there a risk of inhaling microplastics for humans and horses while riding on a fibre sand arena?
This pilot study investigated how much microplastics may be present in dust from riding surfaces consisting of fiber sand. Was there a difference between the air on indoor and outdoor arenas? Air filter samples were taken during riding lessons at four different facilities in Västmanland, Sweden. Notes were made on the conditions during sampling. Each air filter group was run during three riding lessons ranging in total from 165-225 minutes. Filters were selected to compare the number of particles in the dust between outdoor and indoor arenas. The filters were then analyzed by micro Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (µFTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate their content. Results from the analysis were used to compare the air quality of indoor arenas and outdoor arenas.
Conditions between the two groups were relatively equal in terms of weather, the size of the tracks and the age of the substrate. The analyses showed that the indoor air filters contained more microplastics, particles and fibers than the outdoor ones. The amount of dust on the indoor arena was expected to be less because of the more humid surfaces and less noticeable particles in the air. However, there were a total of 12 microplastic particles, equivalent to approximately 33 particles per m3 compared to the outdoor tracks that were below the measurable limit. In various studies using measurements of indoor air from homes, the amount of microplastics varies from 9 ± 4 up to 1583 ± 1181 particles per m3. When compared with the domestic indoor air studies, these were low amounts for indoor arenas. The values are also low compared to the air in a big city like Paris. The study conducted in Paris showed a relatively small amount of microplastic particles, 110 ± 96 microplastics per m2/day. However, the values are expressed in m2 which means that a direct comparison cannot be made.
The pilot study showed that the air on indoor arenas contained more particles and fibres including microplastics than the air in outdoor tracks. Compared to other studies, however, the values are low
Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Nutrient Uptake by Leek (Allium porrum) fertilized with Inorganic N Combined with Saturated Polonite
Get PDFThe continuous rise in global population continues to increase the demand for food. Meeting this rise in demand requires an increase in agricultural input, such as applying fertilizers, including phosphorus (P). This results in a surge in demand and acquisition of P from non-renewable phosphate rocks from natural reserves in areas such as Morocco, USA and Russia. Rise in political unrest within Morocco and between Russia and Ukraine pose threats to global trade and supply. Continuous accumulation of P in soil due to P application increases the risk of aquatic eutrophication. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can potentially improve plant P uptake and reduce fertilizer input dependence. The need to apply principles of the circular economy such that recycled P fertilizers used for crop production are also used responsibly in crop cultivation is crucial for phosphorus-importing countries, sustainable food production, food security and the environment. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth, Nitrogen (N) and P uptake by host plant (leek) fertilized with P-saturated polonite combined with either ammonium sulfate or nitrate.
The study involved an incubation and a cultivation experiment. The incubation experiment was designed to determine the effect of nitrogen application using three levels of ammonium sulfate (200 mg/pot, 400 mg/pot, and 600 mg/pot), each supplying 50, 100, and 150% of 140mg N/L and ammonium nitrate (370.06 mg/pot) supplying 150% of 140mg N/L on soil pH, and phosphorus availability in the soil and from 9g per pot of saturated polonite (PO) added. The cultivation experiment was designed to determine AMF inoculation on growth and P uptake by leek (Allium porrum) fertilized with 9g of saturated polonite, 400 mg/pot of ammonium sulfate and 247.06 mg/pot of ammonium nitrate per standardized rate of N application (140 mg N/L soil).
AMF inoculation significantly and positively influenced above-ground biomass, shoot P concentration and uptake by the plants under (-) PO conditions but did not affect P uptake and P acquisition efficiency (%) under (+) PO conditions. Other nutrients, including potassium, sodium and magnesium, were significantly influenced by AMF inoculation. Saturated polonite addition significantly and positively influenced soil P concentration, plant above-ground biomass, shoot P concentration and uptake. Saturated polonite also significantly increased soil pH compared to control but negatively affected ammonium-N in the soil. Root colonization was positively influenced by AMF inoculation, but there was no correlation observed between root colonization and P uptake. Ammonium sulfate at 100% before incubation and 150% after incubation reduced soil pH compared to control. Nitrogen (N) addition overall affected shoot concentration and uptake of Na, S and Mn. Ammonium sulfate and nitrate positively influenced soil N availability, but did not affect soil P availability and negatively influenced shoot P concentration and uptake compared to control treatment. Ammonium sulfate supplied at 150% (600 mg/pot) reduced soil pH compared to control after incubation. When applied to PO treatments, ammonium sulfate (100%) positively influenced shoot fresh and dry weight compared to ammonium nitrate.
The study concluded that AMF inoculation may increase plant growth (above-ground biomass), shoot P concentrations and uptake, but this depends on whether soil P is enough due to P addition or deficiency in the soil. In addition, saturated polonite as a P fertilizer alternative can potentially increase plant growth (above-ground biomass), shoot P concentration and uptake
Investigating the reliability of a separation
Get PDFOur long mutual history together with the dog (Canis familiaris) has influenced health, physique, wellbeing, as well as behaviour – on both parts. Today, we refer to dogs as family members rather than working tools. Previous research has shown that a dog and its owner show similar attachment behaviour towards each other, as would a child and its parent. The urge to express attachment behaviour is said to be activated by stress, e.g. during and after a separation from each other. Therefore, separation and reunion are commonly used when evaluating the relationship quality. However, this method had not yet been evaluated for its reliability (or trustworthiness), which this study aimed to correct. Nor has its validity been studied (whether the test actually measures what it is supposed to measure). This, however, was only briefly investigated due to a small sample size.
Fifteen dogs and their owners participated in a separation- and reunion test at two separate occasions each, consisting of a departure phase (the owner leaves the dog), separation phase (the dog is alone for three minutes), and a reunion phase (the dog and owner reunites for three minutes). As an attempt to initiate a validation of the test, the owners answered four different questionnaires regarding their adult attachment style (how they bond and interact with other people), their relationship to their dogs, and their dogs’ personalities. The adult attachment style scores of the owners were then correlated to their owner-dog relationship scores, the dog temperament scores, and owner and dog behaviour in the separation and reunion test.
The results showed no difference in behaviour between the two tests, indicating that daily conditions or mood did not affect the behaviour of the dog nor the owner during the test scenarios. There was a correlation between owners being more anxious and dogs paying more attention to and staying close to them when the owners were leaving the room during the test. These dogs also explored less. When alone, owners that were more anxious had dogs that whined or barked more often during separation. During the reunion phase of the test, more avoidant owners did not talk much to their dogs and in return the dogs paid less attention to them and did not initiate much physical contact, but instead explored the room. Regardless of owner adult attachment style, dogs that scored high on attention seeking in the C-BARQ paid more attention towards the door during separation. In addition, owners who considered themselves emotionally close to their dogs in the MDORS had to a larger extent dogs who explored the room both during departure and reunion in the test. Emotional closeness also correlated positively to owner and dogs spending a lot of time together on a daily basis (MDORS). We can only speculate, but the results may indicate that dogs owned by more anxious owners are more sensitive to external challenges that many dogs are exposed to, such as meeting unfamiliar people, being in a novel environment, being left alone, etc. Dogs having more avoidant owners may be less dependent of their owners or having different strategies to cope with stressors as compared to if the dog instead had a more anxious owner.
In conclusion, we can consider this method as being reliable for use in the study of dog and owner interaction and relationship quality. Moreover, results indicate that the test is valid, based on the associations between questionnaires and the behavioural test, but these results should be interpreted with caution as the sample size was small and because it was difficult to identify a proper measure to check validity against (i.e. a comparable template).Hunden har levt nära människan i många decennier och under den tiden har många gemensamma anpassningar till varandra skett, till exempel utvecklat förmågan att förstå varandra och att samarbeta i arbete och vardag. En annan viktig förändring som ägt rum är hundens förmåga att knyta an till sin ägare, vilket visat sig vara liknande som när ett barn knyter an till sin förälder. Ägaren, å sin sida, visar liknande behov av att ta hand om sin hund som en förälder mot sitt barn.
För att studera hur förälderns omvårdnadsbeteende påverkar hur barnet knyter an, togs det fram ett test (Ainsworth’s Strange Situation Procedure) som bland annat innebar att barnet lämnades ensam av sin förälder i ett främmande rum. Man ville se vilka typer av närhetssökande beteenden barnet uttryckte under själva lämnandet, separationen och sedan återföreningen med föräldern och koppla det till förälderns respons på barnets närhetssökande beteende. Denna procedur har sedan lånats över till hundforskningen, men hur tillförlitlig denna metod är på anknytningsstudier på hund har aldrig utvärderats. Det har alltså funnits en risk att hundens och/eller ägarens beteende ändras avsevärt beroende på faktorer som dagsskick eller väderförhållanden. I så fall skulle testet inte säkert kunna säga någonting om anknytning och relation.
Därför valde vi att utföra testet på 15 hundar och deras ägare, vid två olika tillfällen, med förhoppningen om att paren skulle bete sig ungefär likadant under de båda tillfällena – vilket bekräftades. Exempelvis, de hundar som gnällde och skällde när de lämnades ensamma gjorde det i ungefär samma utsträckning, och de ägare som pratade mycket med sina hundar under återföreningen gjorde det ungefär lika mycket under båda testen.
Vi passade också på att undersöka eventuella samband mellan hur ägarna knyter an till andra vuxna i sin närhet mot utförda beteenden i testerna och hur ägaren ser på och värderar relationen till hunden, samt hundens temperament. När vi korrelerade ägarens vuxna anknytningsstil mot hundens temperament (beskrivet av ägaren) fick vi fram att hundar till mer ängsliga ägare var mer rädda för till exempel höga ljud eller främmande platser och hade i större utsträckning separationsångest, medan hundar till ägare som inte var särskilt ängsliga ansågs mer kontaktsökande. Hundar till ägare som var mer undvikande i sitt sätt att knyta an till andra var mer hundaggressiva och därtill känsliga mot fysisk kontakt, medan aggression mot ägaren främst visades mot de som inte var särskilt undvikande. Vid själva beteendetesterna kunde vi se att mer ängsliga ägare hade hundar som tittade mer på dem och höll sig nära i stället för att utforska det främmande rummet när ägaren höll på att lämna rummet. Att utforska rummet under denna fas hade däremot en koppling till att ägaren rapporterande en starkare känsla av emotionell närhet till hunden. Under själva separationsfasen sågs hundar till mer ängsliga ägare gnälla och skälla mer, och hundar som beskrivits av sina ägare som att vara kontaktsökande i vanliga fall och även under testet tittade mycket på den stängda dörren, vilken ägaren hade försvunnit igenom. Här kunde också mer utforskande kopplas till att ägaren beskrivit att hen spenderade mycket tid tillsammans med hunden till vardags, där till exempel ägaren tar med hunden på bilturer eller besöker vänner. Slutligen, under återföreningsfasen, tittade hundarna inte lika mycket på ägare som skattats som mer undvikande och spenderade i stället sin tid med att utforska rummet (det vill säga undvikande möts av undvikanderespons). Dessa ägare
pratade inte särskilt mycket med sina hundar under testet och sökte inte heller särskilt mycket, om någon, fysisk kontakt med sin hund.
För att sammanfatta studien i sin helhet kunde vi med detta konstaterade att anknytningsrelaterade beteenden i samband med separation och återförening inte påverkas av dagsform eller miljö och metoden kan därmed anses tillförlitlig. Vi uppmuntrar nu till vidare studier inom anknytningsteorin och relationen mellan ägare och hund
The new old ways of winemaking
Get PDFThe consciousness of what we eat is an ongoing trend (Eckerdal, 2020) among consumers who value
environmentally and health-friendly products (Aprile, et al., 2015). This change in consumer´s
preference is also playing a role in the choice of beverage selections with a rise of interest in natural
wine (Buranyi, 2018). Natural wine is a concept that aims to use as few additives and compounds
as possible in the making of the wine (Goode & Harrop, 2011). This study focuses on the challenges
and solutions of natural winemaking with the goal to deepen knowledge by answering two research
questions. The method used in this study is a qualitative case study on natural winemaking based on
three semi-structured interviews with producers of natural wine. To better understand the current
knowledge of natural winemaking, a literature review was performed and used in the analysis for
interpretation and understanding of the empirical data. The findings of this study show that there are
challenges in natural winemaking such as the climate and diseases. As presented in the literature
and by the interviewees the solution is a proactive approach. Thus, concluding that it is possible to
make wine without the use of widespread agrochemicals
Impact of the cuff placement and position of the dog during indirect blood pressure measurement with High Definition Oscillometry
Get PDFIndirekt blodtrycksmätning är vanligt förekommande på klinik och används inom veterinärmedicin
för att ge information om den kardiovaskulära funktionen hos patienten. För att erhålla tillförlitliga
mätresultat är det av betydelse att ha ett standardiserat tillvägagångssätt på kliniken. Det finns
forskning som visar att bästa möjliga resultat vid indirekt blodtrycksmätning erhålls med djurägaren
närvarande, men av praktiska skäl är detta inte alltid möjligt på klinik. Djurägarens frånvaro kan
leda till en ökad stressnivå hos patienten och av den anledningen är det viktigt för
djurhälsopersonalen att ha vetskap om hur en undersökning kan utföras för att undvika ytterligare
negativ inverkan på hundens välbefinnande.
Det finns i dagsläget få studier inom området indirekt blodtrycksmätning i kombination med
hundens välbefinnande. Syftet med detta kandidatarbete var att undersöka om placering av kuff och
hundens position påverkar mätresultaten och välbefinnandet hos hunden under
blodtrycksmätningen.
Samtliga blodtrycksmätningar utfördes med ”High Definition Oscillometry” (HDO) som är en
vanligt förekommande mätmetod vid indirekt blodtrycksmätning på djurklinik. I studien
medverkade totalt 18 undervisningshundar från Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU). Mätningar
utfördes i sittande position med kuffen på höger framben, liggande position med kuffen på höger
framben, liggande position med kuffen på svansroten och i stående position med kuffen på
svansroten. Målet var att registrera fem mätningar för varje kuff-placering och position (totalt 180
mätningar). För bedömning av hundarnas rädsla, oro och stress under blodtrycksmätningarna
användes en “Fear, Anxiety and Stress scale” (FAS-skala).
Totalt 172 godkända mätvärden kunde registreras med kuffen på svansroten och totalt 117
godkända mätvärden kunde registreras med kuffen på höger framben för samtliga hundar. Studiens
resultat visade att det fanns en statistisk signifikant skillnad mellan mätningar utförda med kuffen
på svansroten jämfört med kuffen på höger framben, med högre blodtrycksvärden med kuffen på
höger framben. Mätningar med kuffen på svansroten gav mätvärden som låg närmare
normalvariationen för blodtryck hos hund och var numerärt mindre spridda än mätningar utförda
med kuffen på höger framben. Resultatet visade även att kuffens placering och hundens position
inte hade någon signifikant betydelse för uppmätt nivå på FAS-skalan.
Resultaten från studien kan bidra till att djurhälsopersonal på klinik gemensamt kan utforma ett
standardiserat tillvägagångssätt för indirekt blodtrycksmätning på hund där djurägare inte har
möjlighet att närvara, exempelvis på vårdavdelningen. Studien visade att den kuff-placering och
position som gav minst spridda blodtrycksvärden, upplevdes enklast för utföraren att utföra på egen
hand och gav numerärt lägre utslag på FAS-skalan var mätningar med kuffen på svansroten i stående
position.Indirect blood pressure measurement is common in the veterinary clinic and is used to provide
information about the cardiovascular function of the patient. It is important to have a standardized
approach at the clinic to obtain reliable results when measuring indirect blood pressure. Research
shows that the best possible results for indirect blood pressure measurement are obtained with the
owner present, however, due to practical reasons, this is not always possible. The absence of the
owner can lead to an increased level of stress in the patient and for that reason it is of great
importance for the animal health staff to know how to avoid a negative impact on the dog's wellbeing during the examination.
There are currently few studies in the field of indirect blood pressure measurement in
combination with the dog's well-being. The purpose of this bachelor's thesis was to investigate
whether the placement of the cuff and the position of the dog affect the results of the blood pressure
measurement and the well-being of the dog during the measurement.
All blood pressure measurements were performed with a High Definition Oscillometry (HDO),
which is a common method for indirect blood pressure measurement at veterinary clinics. A total of
18 teaching dogs from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) participated in the
study. Measurements were made in sitting position with the cuff on the right front leg, recumbent
position with the cuff on the right front leg, recumbent position with the cuff on the base of the tail
and in standing position with the cuff on the base of the tail. The goal was to register five
measurements at each cuff placement and position (a total of 180 measurements). A Fear, Anxiety
and Stress scale (FAS scale) was used to assess the dogs fear, anxiety and stress during the blood
pressure measurements. A total of 172 approved measurement values were registered with the cuff
on the base of the tail and a total of 117 approved measurement values were registered with the cuff
on the right front leg in all dogs.
This study showed that there was a statistically significant difference between measurements
performed with the cuff on the base of the tail compared to the cuff on the right front leg, with higher
blood pressure values when the cuff was placed on the right front leg. Measurements with the cuff
on the base of the tail gave values that were closer to the normal variation for blood pressure in dogs
and were numerically less scattered. The results also showed that the cuff placement and the position
of the dog had no statistical significance for the measured level on the FAS scale.
The results from the study can help veterinary clinics design a standardized approach for indirect
blood pressure measuring when dog owners are not able to attend, for example in hospitalization.
The study showed that measurements performed in standing position with the cuff on the base of
the tail was the location and position that gave the least scattered blood pressure values, was easiest
for the staff to perform on their own and gave the lowest results on the FAS scale
Klimatpåverkan av bioH2-produktion från biogas med CO2-mineralisering för kolavskiljning och lagring
Get PDFCarbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere are increasing and are now higher than they have ever been, mostly because of CO2 released from burning fossil fuels for energy. Global energy demand will continue to rise in the future, resulting in increased carbon emissions. Hydrogen (H2) could potentially decarbonize energy systems and replace fossil fuels. Climate impact from H2 production varies but can be considered carbon-neutral if production is replaced with biomethane as feedstock instead of natural gas. Then it is referred to as biogenic hydrogen (bioH2). If carbon capture and storage (CCS) is applied to bioH2 production, it can result in negative emissions. Carbon mineralization is a CCS method where CO2 is injected into underground basaltic reservoirs to rapidly convert into carbonate minerals, providing permanent CO2 storage.
This study used a life cycle assessment (LCA) method to identify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate impact from bioH2 production coupled with carbon storage mineralization. The chosen climate metric for the study is the global warming potential (GWP). This study used a hypothetical biogas plant where the bioH2 is produced with biomethane as feedstock via the steam methane reforming (SMR) method. The hypothetical carbon mineralization storage site is located right outside of Uppsala where the CO2 emissions are injected and long-term stored each day.
The results show that implementing CO2 mineralization to bioH2 production reduces climate impact and leads to carbon removal. The climate impact can be reduced or increased depending on different factors such as electricity source, CH4 leakage rate from biogas, CO2 capture efficiency from bioH2 production, the scope of CO2 capture, and different GWP time horizon. The biggest improvement is when the bioH2 production is operated with renewable energy and the CO2 capture is increased both in scope and efficiency. Mineralization of CO2 emissions from bioH2 production results in significantly reduced climate impact. By integrating the two technologies, it is possible to contribute, to meet the Paris Agreement targets of keeping global warming below 1.5°C to 2°C.Koncentrationen koldioxid (CO2) i atmosfären ökar och är idag högre än någonsin, framför allt på grund av CO2-utsläppen från förbränningen av fossila bränslen till energi. Den globala efterfrågan på energi kommer fortsätta stiga i framtiden vilket resulterar i ökade CO2-utsläpp. Vätgas (H2) kan potentiellt de-karbonisera energisystem och ersätta fossila bränslen. Vätgasproduktionens klimatpåverkan varierar men kan betraktas som CO2-neutral om produktionen ersätter naturgas med biometan som råmaterial, då kallas det för biogent väte (bioH2). Om kolavskiljning och lagring (CCS) appliceras på BioH2-produktionen kan det resultera i negativa utsläpp. Kolmineralisering är en CCS-metod där CO2 injiceras i underjordiska basaltreservoarer i syfte att snabbt omvandlas till karbonatmineraler, vilket skapar permanent CO2-förvaring.
I den här studien har en livscykelanalysmetod (LCA) använts för att undersöka växthusgasutsläppen (GHG) och miljöpåverkan från produktion av bioH2 i kombination med kolmineraliseringsförvaring. Som mätsystem i studien används uppvärmningspotential (GWP). Studien utgår från en hypotetisk biogasanläggning i Sverige och produktionen av bioH2 använder biometan som råvara genom metoden ångmetanreformering (SMR). Anläggningen för den hypotetiska kolmineraliseringsförvaringen är belägen precis utanför Uppsala och injicerar samt långsiktigt förvarar CO2- utsläpp per dag.
Resultaten visar att implementering av CO2 mineralisering till bioH2 produktion reducerar klimatpåverkan och leder till kolavlägsning. Klimatpåverkan kan minska eller öka beroende på faktorer som elkälla, CH4 läckagehastighet från biogas, CO2-avskiljningseffektivitet och omfattningen från bioH2-produktion, och olika GWP-tidshorisonter. Den största förbättringen som kan göras för en bioH2 - produktion är genom att driva det med förnybar energi och utöka CO2-avskiljningen både i omfattning och effektivitet. Kolmineralisering av CO2-utsläpp från bioH2-produktion resulterade i betydande reducering av GHG-utsläpp. Genom att integrera de två teknologierna är det möjligt att, i en begränsad skala, bidra till att uppfylla Parisavtalets mål att hålla den globala uppvärmningen under 1.5-2°C