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Understanding men’s clothing consumption
Get PDFThe growing environmental problem of the clothing industry has resulted in trillions of litres of wastewater and nearly a tenth of the world’s carbon emissions every year. The Western world's demand for cheap clothes occurs at the expense of the environment and bad working conditions. Due to environmental destruction, people have developed an interest in high quality sustainable garments, called slow fashion, and avoid the production of cheap and low-quality garments, called fast fashion. Researchers argue that the responsibility for pollution from clothes is shared between consumers and the industry. Increasing consumer awareness is therefore argued as a solution to mitigate pollution and increase sales of sustainable garments. As a result, researchers have begun discovering this topic. Several studies have been conducted to understand consumer behaviour and the possibility of increasing consumer awareness. However, the studies focusing on consumer behaviour are towards women due to the norm of shopping being feminine. Men also buy clothes, but traditional male norms may affect men to care less about clothes and have generally a low interest.
Therefore, this thesis explores men’s clothing consumption habits and how traditional male norms affect men to refrain from sustainable consumption. As a qualitative study, three focus groups were held, divided into students, young adults, and adults for a broader analysis. Frame analysis was chosen to find diagnoses and corresponding action biases to explain men’s consumption habits. Through a thematic analysis, the dominant diagnoses and action biases were selected. The findings displayed various traditional male norms, such as low interest in clothing, in all focus groups, which affected the participants' consumption by not shopping very often. However, personal involvement, i.e., the greater the interest in shopping, the more aware of the clothing industry the participant was and vice versa, was the most evident aspect of their clothing consumption. These findings correspond to previous studies except that men in this study are not afraid of getting their masculinity questioned. The participants did not actively make sustainable choices in their consumption but showed elements of slow fashion through minimal shopping and using the clothes until they become worn out. They argued that expensive clothes have high quality and thus are a sustainable choice, which was acknowledged by previous studies.
This thesis has contributed to a further understanding of men’s clothing consumption. I believe that research on personal involvement as a driving aspect could be further studied in future studies to increase our knowledge of consumer behaviour. Awareness is important for sustainable clothing consumption and increased personal involvement can be the key to achieving it
Plant selection for prefabricated vegetation mats grown in Sweden
Get PDFVad ligger bakom växtvalet hos de företag som producerar prefabricerade sedummattor och torrängsmattor i Sverige? Vad säger forskningen om de utvalda arterna och deras lämplighet i svensk natur och klimat? Detta är frågor som jag undersökt i denna uppsats.
För att värna om den inhemska floran och faunan i Sverige är det viktigt att veta vilka växter som används. Det finns flera arter som används idag som kan komma att bli, eller har börjat visa sig vara, invasiva arter. Det är därför intressant för landskapsingenjörer och andra yrkesroller, som kan komma att arbeta med gröna tak, att känna till de växtval som används. Företagens webbsidor har använts för att få fram artsammansättningarna. Kontakt togs med företagen via epost och en intervju gjordes med ett av företagen. Underlag till uppsatsen har hämtats från SLU Artdatabanken, SKUD, SMHI, Skogsstyrelsen, Naturvårdsverket, Boverket och Jordbruksverket.
Två företag är de huvudsakliga tillverkarna i Sverige. Artsammansättningarna från företagen är framtagna, antingen genom år av tillverkning och erfarenhet, eller genom rådgivning från specialiserat företag inom området. Varje prefabricerad sedummatta har härdiga sedum- och fetbladsarter i sin artsammansättning. Ungefär hälften består av främmande arter, resterande är inhemska. Av dessa främmande arter finns riskklassade arter. Bland de prefabricerade torrängsmattorna finns få ej inhemska arter. En ängsmatta har en art som är med på rödlistan.
Naturvårdverket och SLU Artdatabanken har klassat två av fetbladsarterna invasiva, och man överväger bestämmelser om hur arterna skall hanteras och om undantag ska göras för grönataksektorn. Naturvårdverket beställde en samhällsekonomisk analys där de två fetbladsarterna ingick. Där kom man fram till att det inte blir samhällsekonomiskt fördelaktigt att förbjuda dessa två arter, dock fördelaktigt för den inhemska biologiska mångfalden. SGRI, som har en av världens största demonstrationsanläggningar av gröna tak-lösningar, säger att det inte finns arter som skulle kunna ersätta dessa två idag.
Klimatförändringarna gör att fler främmande arter riskerar att bli invasiva. Det är därför viktigt för alla inom grönataksektorn att hålla koll på SLU Artdatabankens uppdateringar och se över de arter man använder sig av. Utfasning av riskklassade arter är att föredra och hjälp skulle behövas för att hitta ersättningsarter.
En undersökning av hur och om riskklassade arter spridit sig från gröna tak, i regioner där utsatt naturtyp finns, skulle vara behjälpligt underlag för att se hur risken för spridning är i dessa områden. Man skulle, som i Norge, kunna införa förbud mot specifika arter i vissa utsatta regioner, och låta företagen ta fram specifika vegetationsmattor för dessa områden.What is behind the plant selection of the companies that produce prefabricated sedum mats and dry meadow mats in Sweden? What does the research say about the selected species and their suitability in Swedish nature and climate? These are questions that I investigated in this essay.
In order to protect the native flora and fauna in Sweden, it is important to know which plants are used. There are several species used today that may become, or started showing invasive tendencies. It is therefore interesting for landscape engineers and other professional roles, who may work with green roofs, to know the plant choices used. The companies' websites have been used to find out the species compositions. Contact was made with the companies via e-mail and an interview has been done with one of the companies. Material for the essay was obtained from the SLU Artdatabanken, SKUD, SMHI, Skogsstyrelsen, Naturvårdsverket, Boverket och Jordbruksverket.
Two companies are the main manufacturers in Sweden. The species compositions from the companies are developed, either through years of manufacturing and experience, or through advice from specialized companies in the field. Each prefab sedum mat has hardy sedum and broadleaf species in its composition. About half consist of alien species, the rest are indigenous. Of these alien species, there are risk-classified species. Among the prefabricated dry meadow mats there are few non-native species. One meadow mat contains a species that is on the red list.
Naturvårdverket and SLU Artdatabanken have classified two of the stonecrop species as invasive, and regulations are being considered on how the species should be handled and whether exceptions should be made for the green roof sector. Naturvårdverket commissioned a socio-economic analysis that included the two stonecrop species. It was concluded that it will not be economically beneficial to ban these two species, however beneficial for the domestic biological diversity. SGRI, which has one of the world's largest demonstration facilities for green roof solutions, says there are no species that could replace these two today.
Climate change causes more alien species to be at risk of becoming invasive. It is therefore important for everyone within the green roof sector to keep track of SLU Artdatabanken's updates and review the species used. Phasing out risk-classified species is preferable and help would be needed to find replacement species.
An investigation of how and if risk-classified species spread from green roofs, in regions where vulnerable nature types exist, would be a helpful basis to see how the risk of spread is in these areas. One could, as in Norway, introduce bans on specific species in certain vulnerable regions, and let the companies produce specific vegetation mats for these areas
Bridging space syntax and social capital : a participatory approach to analysing the potential of Light Rail Transit to reconfigure spatialised social segregation in Gottsunda
Get PDFThe geographic separation of population groups can perpetuate social inequalities in reaching socio-economic opportunity and can exacerbate social exclusivity. Gottsunda, an area in Uppsala, has experienced historically reinforced spatialised social segregation by concentrating groups with foreign-born and low socio-economic backgrounds within the same neighbourhood. The Uppsala municipality has proposed a light rail transit (LRT) project, which is planned to include Gottsunda. This thesis project will look at the potential of this LRT addition to reconfigure socio-spatial segregation in Gottsunda by analysing changes in the public transport network and mobility behaviour using space syntax and social capital concepts. Space syntax is currently the dominant method of spatially determining segregation, although social capital has the potential to contextualise more complex dynamics driving social segregation. These two methods are also scrutinised based on how they construct complementary findings. By adopting spatial GIS analysis, interviewing people living or working in Gottsunda, and by undertaking participatory mapping exercises, the current state of spatialised social segregation in Gottsunda and the potential for LRT to reconfigure it are determined.
High social cohesion currently limits bridging opportunities for population groups living in Gottsunda, resulting in a reinforced division between the neighbourhood and the rest of the city. A strong neighbourhood identity and concentrations of people with similar socio-economic backgrounds, risking homophily, are not balanced by the relatively well-integrated public transport network in the neighbourhood. The LRT introduction has the potential of bridging communities and facilitating co-presence of dissimilar population groups due to improved integration and the potential for inter-city travel. The LRT line does not address non-spatial barriers to integration, however, such as the affordability of public transport and a lack of ownership of lower-income groups in urban decision-making. Investments in public transport affordability, cultural activity diversification, and policies promoting socially inclusive participation are central to overcoming spatialised social segregation. This study also demonstrates that space syntax can complement social capital in understanding spatialised social segregation, although it cannot account for social complexities and non-spatial barriers to accessibility, such as homophily and affordability. Both concepts can spatially or socially contextualise each other but new methods are needed to investigate missing conceptual links to account for the complexities of spatialised social segregation
Preventing tendon injuries in riding horses : focusing on tendon degeneration
Get PDFEn senskada hos ridhästen leder till långa konvalecentperioder och obrukbara hästar vilket resulterar i en bristande hästvälfärd, stora ekonomiska kostnader för hästägare och att omvärlden ser negativt på ridsporten. För att sprida kunskap kring de åtgärder som kan vidtas för att förebygga senskador i den ytliga böjsenan hos ridhästar har denna litteraturstudie genomförts. Genom en litteraturgenomgång innehållande totalt elva studier med fokus på hästens uppväxt och träning, temperatur och benskydd samt underlag undersöktes frågeställningen ” Vilka åtgärder kan vidtas för att förebygga skador i den ytliga böjsenan hos ridhästar?”. Resultatet visade att unga hästar som gått på lösdrift hade en mer hållbar ytlig böjsena än de som hållits på box och att en plötslig ökning av den vuxna hästens träningsbelastning ledde till en ökad risk för skador. Resultatet visade även att senans energilagrande egenskaper vid rörelse gav upphov till temperaturer i senans mitt över 42,5°C, vilket ger upphov till att bindvävsceller dör. Senan degenereras och till slut kan en senskada uppstå och användandet av benskydd ökar senans temperatur ytterligare. Perforerade benskydd med ett inbyggt ventilationssystem gav den lägsta temperaturskillnaden och fleecelindor gav den högsta temperaturskillnaden mellan träning och vila när olika benskydd jämfördes. Djupare underlag, till exempel sand, gav en större belastning på senan jämfört med fastare och mer stötdämpande underlag, till exempel fibersand. Litteraturstudiens slutsats var att för att förebygga senskador bör unga hästar hållas i lösdrift, den äldre hästen ska vara förberedd för sin arbetsuppgift genom träning under en längre tid och undvika plötsliga ökningar i arbetsbelastning. Valet av benskydd bör styras av benskyddens ventilerande förmåga och att allt för djupa ridbaneunderlag bör undvikas.A tendon injury in the riding horse entails protracted convalescent periods and unusable horses and result in a deficient horse welfare, a large economic burden for horse owners and a negative view regarding riding sports in the eye of the public. To spread knowledge regarding what preventative measures could be taken to decrease the number of tendon injuries to the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in the riding horse a literature study was executed. By reviewing eleven separate studies that focused on keeping the young horse, exercise, temperature and boots and track surfaces of riding arenas the thesis question “What measures can be taken to prevent injuries to the superficial digital flexor tendon in riding horses?” were investigated. The results showed that young horses kept in loose-housing systems developed more resilient SDFT compared to those kept in boxes and that a point in the adult horse’s workload in relation to the past four weeks was a risk of injury. The results also showed that the energy-storing properties of the SDFT issue in a rise of its core temperature to temperatures above 42,5°C, which is the limit where fibroblast death start to take place. In time, the tendon will degenerate, which could result in a tendon injury and the use of boots is shown to increase core temperatures further. Perforated boots with a built-in ventilation system caused a lesser increase of temperature and fleece bandages caused a higher increase of temperature when rest and exercise and different boot designs were compared. Deeper riding arena surfaces, such as sand, posed a greater load on the SDFT in comparison to firmer and more shock-absorbing grounds, such as fibre sand. This study concluded that young horses should be kept in loose-housing systems, the adult horse should be well prepared for its task through proper training and its workload should be kept without sudden peaks, the choice of leg boots should be directed by the boot’s ability to ventilate and that track surfaces of deeper character should be avoided to prevent tendon injury in the riding horse
Collaboration in climate change adaption : barriers and opportunities from a municipal perspective
Get PDFKlimatförändringarna leder till flera negativa effekter på vårt samhälle, bland annat kusterosion,
extremvärme och allvarligare skyfall med översvämningar som följd. Detta är något som nästan
alla svenska kommuner har börjat uppleva mer och mer. Men det finns åtgärder som kan dämpa
dessa konsekvenser och som brukar gå under begreppet klimatanpassning. Detta är dock en
relativt ny fråga i den fysiska planeringen och därför är det viktigt att samhället organiserar sig
på ett sätt som främjar samverkan mellan olika aktörer. Denna studie utgår från det teoretiska
ramverket kring metastyrning och nätverksstyrning för att få en inblick i kommunernas
uppfattning om samverkan kring klimatanpassningsfrågan. Genom intervjuer med kommunala
aktörer samt en enkät undersöker studien vilka utmaningar och fördelar kommunala
tjänstepersoner ser med att man samverkar med denna komplexa utmaning, både internt med
kommunen men även externt. De primära utmaningarna som har identifierats är att samverkan
kan vara tids- och resurskrävande, att den juridiska styrningen är otydlig och att olika aktörer
kan ha olika målsättningar och värderingar. Några av de fördelar som identifierats är att mindre
aktörer kan lyfta frågan till en högre politisk nivå och att det bidrar till en bättre
kunskapsspridning.Climate change leads to several different negative consequences for our society, for instance
coastal erosion, extreme heat, and severe cloudbursts. This is something that almost all of
Sweden’s municipalities have started to experience to a larger degree. But there are measures
that can moderate these consequences that go under the term climate change adaption. This is
however a relatively new challenge within the field of physical planning and therefore it is of
importance that society organizes itself in a way that encourage collaboration between different
actors. This study proceeds from the basis of the theoretical knowledge of meta-governance and
network governance to gain an insight into the municipality’s perception of collaboration
regarding climate adaptation. By interviewing municipal actors and a survey this study aims to
identify what challenges and advantages municipalities gain through internal and external
collaboration. The primary challenges that have been identified include that collaboration can
be time- and resource-consuming, that the legislation is unclear and that different actors have
different aims and values. Some of the advantages that have been identified include that actors
can bring the issue higher up on the political agenda and it contributes to knowledge sharing
Pink salmon in Sweden : investigation of potential migration routes and possible impacts of pink salmon in Swedish waters
Get PDFI den här rapporten undersöktes 24 vattendrag på västkusten och fem vattendrag på sydkusten för att identifiera potentiella spridningsvägar för puckellax. Studien har utgått ifrån historiska puckellaxobservationer, definitiva och partiella vandringshinder, elfiske av atlantlax, medelvattenföring och area för att undersöka vattendragens potential som spridningsvägar. Effekter av puckellax i svenskt vatten har sedan diskuterats utifrån ovannämnda faktorer, tidigare studier och ekologisk nischteori. Studien har identifierat Göta älv, Ätran, Örekilsälven, Säveån, Enningdalsälven, Viskan, Lagan, Nissan, Rolfsån, Rönneå, Fylleån & Suseån som vattendragen med störst potential att agera potentiella spridningsvägar för puckellax i ett tidigt stadie. Effekter av puckellax i svenskt vatten kan potentiellt vara att inhemsk atlantlax utkonkurreras, till följd av att puckellax är konkurrenskraftig och att puckellax observerat högt uppströms i bland annat Göta Älv. Puckellax kan eventuellt även ha påverkan på vattenkvalité
GIS and remote sensing based mapping of microtopography and vegetation composition in a boreal mire complex
Get PDFSmall scale variations in mire surface elevation referred to as microtopography are fundamental characteristics of mire ecosystems especially in the boreal region. Microtopography commonly classified into hummocks and hollows play a major role in several ecological, hydrological and biogeochemical processes including vegetation composition and carbon and methane dynamics. This makes microforms a crucial factor to account on when aiming for modeling ecosystem fluxes and monitoring peatland ecosystem change and resilience under shifting climatic conditions. However, quantitively modelling approaches using the technological advantages of remote sensing applications are limited so far and current methods lack of simplicity and straight forward mapping ability.
In this study a new novel and simple modelling approach for classifying mire microtopography, only based on a digital elevation model (DEM), got applied and tested on four study sites of Kulbäcksliden peatland research infrastructure (northern Sweden). Furthermore, a vegetation classification was performed on the same sites using random forest (RF) classifiers with and without microtopography as an input to evaluate the effect of microforms on the classification accuracy results.
The results indicate promising tendencies for the applicability of the new microtopographic approach even though the accuracy results point out an over estimation of hummock and hollow features, which could be resolved by adapting new height thresholds. The highest overall accuracy of for the vegetation classification was reached using all possible input parameters including microtopography. Still only minor improvements can be observed using microtopography with regards to fine resolution spectral data and the need of optimized height thresholds for microtopography
Consequences of alternative forest management in riparian buffer zones : a GIS analysis
Get PDFWith increasing pressure from policymakers and the general public to conduct alternative forest management throughout the European Union (EU), Sweden needs to find ways to best prioritize the implementation of this alternative management. Alternative management is a term used to describe alternative management methods to clear-cut rotation forestry and can include silvicultural methods such as continuous cover forestry, management increasing proportion tree diversity and presence of broadleaves, and extended rotation lengths. Riparian buffers are one possible location for this management that may provide a win-win solution for meeting EU goals of increasing conservation of productive forests and use of alternative management, as well as benefiting water quality and biodiversity. Riparian buffers can protect the ecological functioning of a stream, typically by leaving a strip of unharvested trees in place around the stream, but in Sweden these buffers are often narrow (5-7m) and are dominated by a single tree species. Implementation of alternative forest management that would promote a diversity of tree species in wide riparian buffers could benefit streams, as well as assist Sweden in meeting EU goals. To determine the amount of forest land contained within buffers under 5 m, 15 m, 30 m, and 60 m buffer width scenarios I conducted a GIS analysis of 11 study areas throughout Sweden. I also examined the current tree species composition in these potential buffer zones and analysed the area around both natural channels, and forest ditches. I found that there is a significant latitudinal gradient in species composition within the buffer zones from north to south, with total tree volume, deciduous tree volume, and spruce tree volume increasing from north to south, whereas the proportion of pine is highest in northern study regions. This latitudinal trend was not seen in terms of the proportion of forest land contained within the buffers that was productive forest land; however, there was a significant difference between the amount of productive forest land found around ditches versus streams. If ditches were to be buffered with wide 60 m buffers, it would require converting 5-6% of productive forestland. Buffering both ditches and natural channels, with 30 m buffers, would require about 20% of productive forestland. On a spatial scale, converting riparian buffers to alternative forest management appears to offer potential for maximizing protection of sensitive riparian zones, while minimizing economic losses in a way that meets EU goals for alternative management and conservation, although future studies are needed to examine the practical implementation of conducting alternative forest management within riparian buffer zones and the form that this management would take
Feeding Live or Dried Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) to laying hens – Effects on Immune Traits, Egg Quality, Feather Condition, Body and Organ Weights
Get PDFDue to increasing prices and potential scarcity of soybean meal (SBM), there is growing demand for alternative and sustainable protein sources in poultry production. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have proven to be a suitable alternative based on nutritional value and sustainable production. Feeding live larvae to laying hens can stimulate natural foraging behaviour and improve animal welfare, but requires careful management to standardize nutrient composition of the larvae. Dried larvae, on the other hand, have a longer shelf life and are easier to handle. Various studies have analysed the effects of live BSFL and BSFL meal feeding in laying hens, but there is a gap regarding the effects of dried whole larvae feeding, and there is a scarcity of literature regarding the impact of BSFL feeding on immune parameters. This study aims to evaluate the effect of live and dried black soldier fly larvae feeding to laying hens.
For this purpose, 360 Bovans Robust White hens were randomly allocated at 18 weeks of age to three diet groups: control, live larvae, and dried larvae. The control group received a standard soybean meal based diet, while the live and dried larvae groups received 20% replacement of daily dry matter intake as live or dried larvae, respectively, along with a balanced pelleted feed. Data was collected from 30 to 50 weeks of age. Immune parameters recorded were white blood cell counts and specific antibody responses to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) booster vaccination. The white blood cell populations enumerated were heterophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes, and some subpopulations of lymphocytes, including MHC II+ lymphocytes (B cells), CD4+CD25- (T helper cells), CD4+CD25+ (activated helper and/or regulatory T cells), and CD4-CD25+ (non-CD4 activated T cells). In addition, the expression levels of MHC II and chicken mannose receptor MRC1L-B on monocytes was measured. Internal and external parameters of egg quality and feather condition score were evaluated. At the end of the experiment, hen body weight and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) organs were weighed.
The control group diet was unintentionally manufactured with low sodium content, which is known to cause reduced body weight, cannibalism, and feather pecking. This makes it difficult to interpret the results. Nonetheless, comparisons between dried and live larvae are still relevant. Hens in both larvae groups had darker yolk colour with age (p<0.0001) and higher yolk weight (p=0.05). The feather condition of the control group on the neck, back, cloaca, and tail was poorer than both larvae groups, and control hens had more rear body skin injuries (p<0.0001). The control group hens were significantly lighter in weight than the larvae group hens (p=0.005). However, there was no significant difference between the treatments in organ weights (i.e. proventriculus, liver, gizzard, and fat pad). Additionally, there were no significant differences between groups in leukocyte counts, expression of surface markers, and antibody response to IBV vaccination.
Abstract
Moreover, egg quality parameters, such as egg weight, eggshell breaking strength, eggshell thickness, eggshell weight, and albumen thickness, were similar in all groups (p>0.05).
The findings of this study are in agreement with previous research on BSFL meal feeding, demonstrating no difference in leukocyte counts and antibody responses to IBV vaccination, suggesting that the form of larvae feeding may not have an impact on the immune response. The results indicate that the low sodium diet of the control group had an impact on the integument condition and body weight. Egg quality and organ weight were also unaffected with treatment, indicating that substituting 20% of daily dry matter intake with live or dried larvae can serve as a sustainable alternative feed ingredient. Dried larvae, with their consistent nutritive value and easy management, appear to be the more practical option. Further research is needed to validate the findings with a proper control group
15-minuters staden
Get PDFSyftet med arbetet är att undersöka stadsplaneringskonceptet 15-minuters staden
och visa på dess möjligheter och problem i relation till svensk stadsplanering.
Specifikt är syftet att förstå möjligheter och problem utifrån ett socioekonomiskt
perspektiv. Detta görs genom en kvalitativ litteraturstudie. Drivkraften för
konceptet är att öka livskvaliteten för stadens invånare genom minskad pendling i
staden samt ökad närhet till stadens funktioner. För att uppnå konceptets mål
behöver stadslandskapet med dess byggda strukturer omkonstrueras. 15-minuters
staden baseras på konceptet Chrono-urbanism och är inspirerat av
postmodernistiska ideal men har både likheter och skillnader med tidigare
stadsplaneringstraditioner. Den svenska ABC-staden från 1950-talet hade
liknande visioner kring närheten mellan stadens funktioner som 15-minuters
staden. Studien visar på att dagens stadsplanering i Sverige går i linje med 15-
minuters stadens mål och tillvägagångsätt men att konceptet inte används som ett
verktyg i stadsplaneringen. Det har identifierats ett flertal fördelar och möjligheter
med konceptet men också eventuella problem. Konceptet kan bidra till en
förbättrad fysisk och psykisk hälsa, stärka det sociala välbefinnandet och jämna ut
socioekonomiska skillnader. Konceptet har fått kritik för att inte vara tillräckligt
anpassningsbart efter varje stads enskilda förutsättningar och problem samt för att
inte vara tillräckligt komplext för att kunna hantera problem som
klimatförändringar, pandemier eller transport. Sammanfattningsvis har 15-
minuters staden möjlighet till att vara ett användbart stadsplaneringsverktyg i
framtiden om det används på ett genomtänkt sätt.The purpose of the work is to examine the urban planning concept of the 15-
minute city and show its possibilities and problems in relation to Swedish urban
planning. Specifically, the aim is to understand opportunities and problems from a
socio-economic perspective. This is done through a qualitative literature review.
The driving force for the concept is to increase the quality of life for city residents
by reducing commuting in the city and increasing proximity to city functions. To
achieve the concept's goals, the urban landscape and its built structures need to be
redesigned. The 15-minute city is based on the concept of Chrono-urbanism and is
inspired by postmodernist ideals but has both similarities and differences with
previous urban planning traditions. The Swedish ABC-city model from the 1950s
had similar visions of proximity between city functions as the 15-minute city. The
study shows that today's urban planning in Sweden is in line with the goals and
approaches of the 15-minute city but that the concept is not used as a tool in urban
planning. A number of benefits and opportunities have been identified but also
potential problems. The concept can help improve physical and mental health,
strengthen social well-being and reduce socio-economic disparities. The concept
has been criticized for not being sufficiently adaptable to the individual conditions
and problems of each city and for not being complex enough to deal with
problems such as climate change, pandemics or transport. In conclusion, the 15-
minute city has the potential to be a useful urban planning tool in the future if
used in a thoughtful way